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35-636: At the time of its construction it was the home of Zaccheus Newcomb, a local farmer who owned much of the area of Pleasant Valley now surrounding the neighborhood. Over the 19th century, much of that original landholding was subdivided and sold off as the Brown family sold it to others, including the main house. In the early 20th century, it returned to the family again when one of his descendants bought it and converted it from working farm to country house , restoring and modifying it slightly while keeping its original integrity. In 1988 it and several outbuildings from

70-404: A chimney with the other room on that side. Paneled doors lead between all spaces. Flooring is random-width wide pine boards, and those in the southwest parlor are clear- grained . All first-story rooms share 9 feet (2.7 m) ceilings with the hallway. All windows have paneled shutters that recess into the 24-inch–deep (61 cm) walls with window seats below. The front parlor fireplace, in

105-488: A frame clapboard -sided toolhouse believed to have originally been a milkhouse. Across Brown Road, on the northeast corner of the southern section of the property, is the other contributing resource, a wooden wagon shed. To its south is the remains of another old building, the foundation stones of a former smokehouse . Zaccheus Newcomb, born in Lebanon, Connecticut , in the mid-1720s, came west with his father Thomas to what

140-485: A laundry, kitchen and half bathroom. Enclosed stairs at the north wind up to the second story, about 4½ inches ( 11 cm) lower than the corresponding floor in the main house. It has two small bedrooms and bathrooms. Seven support buildings, all considered contributing resources to the National Register listing, remain from the days when the estate was a much larger working farm. All but one are located to

175-506: A local planning commission, once recorded in a registry of deeds, is generally deemed to have created the parcels of land identified on the plat itself. The problem of testamentary division of property was identified by the SCPEA in the footnote to the definition of subdivision, but not fully clarified by it. In some jurisdictions, a testamentary division of property does not constitute a legal subdivision for purposes of separate conveyancing of

210-403: A master street plan; (4) provisions for approval of all public improvements by the planning commission; (5) control of private subdivision of land; and (6) provisions for the creation of regional planning commissions. The SCPEA included the following definition: "Subdivision" means the division of a lot, tract, or parcel of land into two or more lots, plats, sites, or other divisions of land for

245-496: A more affluent population demanded larger and more widely spaced houses coupled with the increase of car usage for which terraced streets were unsuitable. Subdivisions were often produced by either local authorities (more recently, housing associations ) or by private developers. The former tended to be a means of producing public housing leading to monotenure estates full of council houses often known as "council estates". The latter can refer to higher end tract housing for

280-415: A six-light transom is located in the center of the ground story. It is sheltered by a small wooden portico with three stone steps leading down to a short walk to the driveway. The first-story windows are topped with splayed wooden lintels painted dark red and incised to resemble flat brick arches. At the roofline the gambrel flares outward slightly, opening up space for a block modillioned cornice . On

315-555: A stone basement with a gambrel roof shingled in cedar shake pierced by wide brick chimneys at either end. It has a one-and-half-story kitchen wing on its east side and a flat-roofed open porch on the west. The kitchen wing is sided in wooden shingles; its gambrel roof is pierced by a wide shed dormer window . Its six- bay south (front) facade is laid in Flemish bond ; the other three sides are done in common bond. A Dutch-style paneled door almost four feet (120 cm) wide with

350-617: A subdivision. The intention is to cover all subdivision of land where the immediate or ultimate purpose is that of selling the lots or building on them. The object of inserting a definition in the text of the act is to avoid the inclusion, within the planning commission's control, of such cases as a testator 's dividing his property amongst his children, partners' dividing firm property amongst themselves on dissolution, or cases of that nature. A subdivision does not need to be sold, in whole or in part, for its resulting pieces to be considered separate parcels of land. A subdivision plat approved by

385-590: A wider Victorian porch in the 1880s. In 1912 it returned to the Newcomb family when Flora Newcomb-Brown bought it, ending its use as a working farm to make it her country house as many other wealthy residents were doing with old Dutchess County farms they bought. She restored the original front portico, working in the newer Colonial Revival style to have a replacement of the original built. From her it went first to her brother-in-law, John Spraker, and then to his daughter, Dorothy Spraker Francke. In 1960 she subdivided

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420-533: Is likewise similar to the front except for having fewer windows. It has a similar portico and door. A rear dormer identical to the one on the front is on the kitchen wing. Inside, the main entrance leads to an 8-foot–wide (2.4 m) central hallway, the axis of a symmetrical floor plan. The rooms on the west are a double parlor ; those on the east are the dining room and library. All have most of their original trim, including baseboards , cornices , molded chair rails and diagonally oriented corner fireplaces that share

455-657: Is now Pleasant Valley in 1746 when the older man purchased the 3,000-acre (1,200 ha) Great Lot 8 of the Great Nine Partners Patent . Five years later, Thomas deeded the 200 acres (81 ha) around the current parcel to Zaccheus. He remained a farmer but was also politically active. During the Revolutionary War he served in the Continental Army , and was later a judge. A later genealogy suggests that Newcomb's wife Sarah built

490-437: Is then known as a subdivision. Subdivisions may be simple, involving only a single seller and buyer, or complex, involving large tracts of land divided into many smaller parcels. If it is used for housing it is typically known as a housing subdivision or housing development, although some developers tend to call these areas communities . Subdivisions may also be for the purpose of commercial or industrial development, and

525-462: The Adirondack town now known as Newcomb , and other assets to his nine children. Three more generations of Newcombs lived on the farm until 1859, when it was sold out of the family to a James Allen. He, in turn, sold it to Homer Briggs. During this period in the late 19th century many of the extant outbuildings were erected. The original front portico, similar to the current one, was replaced by

560-562: The middle class and even upper middle class . In the Philippines , subdivisions are areas of land that have been subdivided into individual residential plots. Whereas some subdivisions comprise exclusive gated communities , others are merely demarcations denoting a specific neighborhood . Some subdivisions may conduct autonomous security, or provide basic services such as water and refuse management . Most subdivisions are governed by associations made up of members who are residents of

595-437: The "subdivided" parcels. Furthermore, the SCPEA's definition leaves ambiguous the notion of 'building development' and whether the identification of multiple construction sites on a single parcel of land constitutes a subdivision subject to the review and approval authority of the planning commission. Interpretations of this vary among American jurisdictions. Subdivision developers may use an architect's services only once, with

630-472: The area of Connecticut the family emigrated from. But some aspects of the design, such as the flared roof, doors and generally buly massing, are more typical of houses built by Dutch settlers in the Hudson Valley . It is not known to what extent those traditions might have influenced the house's design. Zaccheus Newcomb died in 1790, leaving portions of his landholdings, including some "Wild Lands" in

665-407: The east and northeast of the main house. The largest is a frame carriage shed, now used as a barn. It has a box stall and two straight ones. A smaller barn nearby, also of two stories, is embanked into a hillside, with ground-level entrances on both levels. Between the two are the remains of the foundation of an earlier barn. Other buildings in that area include two chicken coops , a small shed and

700-522: The expansion of cities into surrounding farmland. While this method of property identification was useful for purposes of conveyancing , it did not address the overall impacts of expansion and the need for a comprehensive approach to planning communities. In the 1920s, the Coolidge administration formed the Advisory Committee on City Planning and Zoning , which undertook as its first task

735-494: The farming era were added to the National Register of Historic Places . The estate is a 33.7-acre (13.6 ha) parcel on the east side of US 44 , divided into northern and southern sections by Brown Road. The area is rural residential, with newer houses built on large lots . Except for those portions of the lots that have been cleared, it remains mostly wooded. The estate lands are mostly level, but rise slightly at

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770-401: The house while her husband was away at war. It is more likely that the house was built before the war, around 1770, since a Baptist Society Newcomb allowed to meet in his home was founded that year. The architect is unknown. The basic forms of the house reflect the Newcomb family's New England origins — its Georgian plan, gambrel roof and modillioned cornice were common for large houses in

805-546: The north end, in keeping with the terrain's general regional slope up from the Hudson River to the Taconic Mountains . Between the main house and the highway, on the house's west, is a small pond about one acre (4,000 m) in area said to have been created when the clay was dug to bake the bricks for the house. A two-acre (8,000 m) lawn is between the house and Brown Road, set off by one of many stone walls on

840-417: The northeast of the main house. On the south side of the roughly east–west Brown Road, the property is mostly natural, with a hay field, woods, and a shallow pond straddling the property line. It is fed by a small stream that runs through it from northeast to southwest. In the northeast corner is the other outbuilding, a wagon shed. The main house is a two-and-a-half-story rectangular brick-faced structure on

875-509: The planning and construction of public streets and public roads, and the placement of public utilities. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, subdivisions are usually areas of land that have been zoned for a particular type of residential development, often called a housing estate . They can vary enormously in character, density, and socioeconomic value. They have existed for well over a century, but became prevalent after World War II , as

910-402: The property, leaving the current parcel around the house, and sold it to James and Jane Neighbors, who modernized the interior of the kitchen wing but made very few other alterations to the house or other buildings. Land subdivision Subdivisions are land that is divided into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop , usually via a plat . The former single piece as a whole

945-428: The property. Around the house are many mature trees of species ranging from those common to the area like maple and shagbark hickory to more unusual ones like horse chestnut and ginkgo . Behind the house, on its north, is a large group of lilacs . The otherwise level ground rises slightly to the rear and is covered in second-growth woods. An old apple orchard is to its east. All of the outbuildings save one are to

980-516: The publication of The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act in 1926, model enabling legislation for use by state legislatures . This was followed by publication of the Standard City Planning Enabling Act (SCPEA) in 1928. The SCPEA covered six subjects: (1) the organization and power of planning commissions, which was directed to prepare and adopt a master plan; (2) the content of the master plan; (3) provisions for

1015-424: The purpose, whether immediate or future, of sale or of building development. It includes resubdivision and, when appropriate to the context, relates to the process of subdividing or to the land or territory subdivided. Attached to this definition was the following footnote: for the purpose of sale or of building development : Every division of a piece of land into two or more lots, parcels or parts is, of course,

1050-427: The rest of the tract houses using the same master template: the resulting houses all look similar as in the above photograph of Markham, Ontario. The overall purpose of a subdivision is to create an environment conducive to overall development and sustained growth, with development defined as: … the design work of lot layout, the construction of drainage structures, the construction of buildings or public use areas,

1085-511: The results vary from retail shopping malls with independently owned out parcels to industrial parks . In the United States, the creation of a subdivision was often the first step toward the creation of a new incorporated township or city . Contemporary notions of subdivisions rely on the Lot and Block survey system , which became widely used in the 19th century as a means of addressing

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1120-443: The side of each step. Upstairs there are four bedrooms, with 8½-foot (2.6 m) ceilings and walls of the standard 18 inches (46 cm) depth. The windows have seats but no shutters. The two front bedrooms have corner fireplaces as well. A closed staircase leads to the attic, which has a pine floor but is otherwise unfinished. The roof peak is 12 feet (3.7 m) above the floor. The kitchen wing has been modernized. Its first floor has

1155-403: The southwest corner, is surrounded by Bristol tiles; the others have carved wooden mantels . The dining room fireplace has a closed cupboard , and another corner has a cupboard with carved pediment , reeded pilasters and its original glass. An open straight-run staircase rises from south to north on the east side of the central hall. It has square balusters and scroll-shaped consoles on

1190-491: The subdivision. In the Philippines, subdivisions are also known as villages or barangays . In Alberta , subdivision is the dividing of a single parcel of land into two or more parcels, each to be given a separate title. Subdivision is also used for existing lot line adjustments. Notwithstanding a few exceptional circumstances, subdivision approval and endorsement by the local municipality must always be received before

1225-476: The west side, the iron anchors holding the roof rafters are shaped to look like the letters Z and N, for the original owner. French doors lead on both levels to the porch and its balcony, with balustrade . All doors and windows on this elevation are topped by brick segmental arches. The east wall anchors are the more common "S" shape, and the attic windows have been bricked in. Otherwise the treatment on that side echoes its counterpart. The north elevation (rear)

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