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Bahmani–Vijayanagar War

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At Mudgal:

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58-527: Bahmani–Vijayanagar War may refer to: Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1362–1367) , the first Bahmani–Vijayanagar War between Mohammed Shah I and Bukka Raya I Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1375–1378) , the second Bahmani-Vijayanagar War between Mujahid Shah and Bukka Raya I Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1398) , the third Bahmani–Vijayanagar War between Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah and Harihara II Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1406) ,

116-401: A gun with a Kannada inscription near the muzzle. The gun has long iron pieces in its interior, which have been bound outwardly by hoops . There is another gateway on the western side, behind the narrow passage of which there is a second gateway with an arch. The walls at this point are cyclopean in construction. There are guards’ rooms on either side of the passage of this gateway also. There

174-496: A high chili heat quotient. Many other Indian spices are also cultivated. According to the 2001 census of India, Mudgal had a population of 19,117. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Mudgal has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 62%, and female literacy is 41%. Mudgal is well connected by road to Bangalore , Hubli , Hyderabad , Pune , Panaji , Bagalkot and other major cities. The nearest major airport

232-557: A lower price, despite them being the finest horses reserved for the Bahmani Sultan. Haroon Khan Sherwani suggests that the narrative of horse reservation might have been fabricated by the horse traders themselves. Muhammed Shah resolved to punish Vinayak for his actions. While Vinayak was at Palmet, Shah dispatched some of his fighters disguised as destitute individuals who had lost their possessions. Chaos erupted in Palmet, when

290-497: A narrow covered passage and adjoining it the counter scarp with very massive bastions. From the arrangement of the existing fort, it is apparent that the fort was rebuilt after the invention of guns. The courses of masonry at several places are of Hindu style, but the arch-shaped parapet is of Muslim design. The moat and the row of bastions together offer a pleasing view. In front of the Fateh Darwaza , which faces north, there

348-402: A siege. Bukka emerged from Vijayanagar to engage in battle, but suffered another heavy defeat, losing his remaining ten thousand soldiers. He then retreated once more behind the walls of Vijayanagar and shut himself inside. Muhammad Shah, realizing that his victory alone couldn't resolve matters, began to ravage Vijayanagar and plunder its riches. He initiated a massacre of civilians, resulting in

406-575: A suggestion. They pointed out that the massacres committed by the Sultan were entirely against the precepts of Islam, as many women and children were also put to death by those claiming to follow that noble faith, which Islam neither allows nor enjoins. Shah was deeply moved by this appeal and ordered that in any future campaign undertaken on behalf of the Bahmanis, only actual combatants should be killed, and no prisoner of war should ever be harmed. A treaty

464-855: A wound from a musket ball . The execution of Vinayak Deva set the stage for a war between the two states. Kanhayya appealed to Firuz Shah Tughlaq , the Delhi emperor, for assistance, offering to become his vassal in return. However, Firuz Shah differed greatly from his predecessor, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq , and preferred peaceful pursuits over military endeavours. Perhaps his orthodoxy also deterred him from aiding Hindus against fellow co-religionists. Consequently, he did not respond to their pleas. Meanwhile, these negotiations, coupled with his recent setback, fueled Muhammad Shah I's determination to fully conquer Telangana. Subsequently, Muhammad Shah summoned Safdar Khan Sistani and Azam-i Humayun to his capital. Entrusting

522-407: Is a third gateway to the left of the second, also arched, but the apex, as in the case of the previous one, is filled up with masonry. This gateway is more massive in construction than the other two, the guard's room attached to its passage also being more commodious. There is a mosque near this gateway, which consists of a double-pillared hall, the pillars being of Hindu design. On the opposite side of

580-452: Is a very massive bastion, with a curtain on each side, thus making a barbican for the defence of the fort. Near this barbican is a guard's room with three arched openings towards the north. The barbican has a narrow court with entrances towards the west and north-east, the gates of which are built in the pillar-and-lintel style. In the covered passage of this gateway, there are guards’ rooms on both sides. The massive bastion above referred to has

638-645: Is about 10 miles south-west of Lingsugur. Mudgal has several inscriptions belonging to the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri . It is known for its historical heritage and communal harmony. The main attractions here are the remnants of the Mudgal fort and an ancient Roman Catholic church built by the Jesuits before 1557. There are ancient temples of Aswathhanarayana, Venkatesha, Narasimha and Didderayah. Mudgal's existence dates back to Neolithic era. Rishi Mudgal

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696-405: Is also known as Lord Ganesha 's teacher. Mudgal is one of the most important places of historical interest. Mudgal or Mudugal has a history dating back to the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri , several inscriptions of which have been discovered in and around the town. In 11th century Mudgal was an educational centre for the students of various parts of the country. In the beginning of the 14th century, it

754-694: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bahmani%E2%80%93Vijayanagar War (1362%E2%80%931367) At Kauthal: At Mudgal: At Kauthal: The Bahmani–Vijayanagar war , also known as the First Bahmani–Vijayanagar War , spanning from 1362 to 1367, was a significant period of conflict between the Bahmani Sultanate and the Vijayanagar empire in Deccan India during

812-511: Is important due to ancestry of the Sayyid tribes as well as diaspora who are settled in the Middle East and bring back Arabian culture. Milk and dairy products are produced, consumed and transported in large quantities due to the common practice of rearing sheep, cattle and buffaloes. Elderly Mudgal people show pride in making dairy products at home as it used to be a symbol of prestige for

870-523: Is in Hyderabad . Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) runs a bus service to other cities and villages. There are also various private bus services. Raichur is the nearest railway stations to Mudgal. Raichur is served by a major rail line and is well connected by trains to all major parts of India such as Bangalore , Mumbai , Delhi , Chennai , Hyderabad , Ahmedabad , Trivandrum , Kanyakumari , Pune , Bhopal and Agra . Recently

928-711: The Kakatiya dynasty , established himself within the Vijayanagar realm as the Musunuri Nayaka chief. Following the demise of Alauddin Bahman Shah, his son Muhammed Shah I succeeded to the throne of the Bahmani Sultanate. During the reign of Muhammad Shah I, the conflicts between the Bahmanis and Vijayanagar commenced. Typically, their conflicts were interpreted as religious wars because of

986-555: The Bahmani Sultan during these campaigns. Ultimately, both parties signed a treaty aimed at preventing civilian massacres in future conflicts, marking a pivotal moment in the military history of fourteenth-century Deccan India. The war highlighted the complex dynamics between regional powers and the devastating impact of conflict on civilian populations in the region. After the fall of the Hoysala dynasty in South India following

1044-528: The Bahmanis and Vijayanagar took place on July 20, 1366. The battle occurred near a place called Kauthal, with Musa Khan commanding the right side of the Bahmani army, Isa Khan leading the left side, and Khan Muhammed commanding the center. However, both Musa Khan and Isa Khan were killed by musket balls, resulting in their demise. This turn of events left the Bahmani army on the brink of being routed. However, Muhammad Shah arrived with three thousand cavalry at

1102-471: The Bahmanis defeated the forces of Warangal and pursued them all the way to the gates of Warangal. Kanhayya was forced to pay a ransom of one lakh gold Huns and surrender twenty-five war elephants to the Bahmanis. Bahadur Khan then returned to Gulbarga , the capital of the Bahmanis, after securing the ransom. Shortly after the conflict with Kanhayya, Muhammed Shah learned that Vinayak Deva, Kanhayya's son, had allegedly compelled horse traders to sell horses at

1160-616: The Bahmanis in these conflicts, Vijayanagar never succumbed to vassalage at any point in time. The stretch of land between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers became a point of contention among various dynasties, including the Western Chalukyas and Cholas , as well as the Yadavas and Hoysalas , who previously ruled over the territories later claimed by the Bahmanis and Vijayanagar. When the Bahmanis and Vijayanagar emerged from

1218-518: The Bahmanis with joining an alliance with the Delhi Sultanate to invade Deccan. Muhammad Shah, the Bahmani Sultan at the time, delayed his reply until he was prepared. When he finally responded, he questioned why his vassal of Vijayanagar had not sent him gifts upon his accession, stating that it should have been done at least once. The negative response from Muhammad Shah spurred the rulers of Vijayanagar and Warangal to form an alliance against

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1276-498: The Bahmanis. In 1362, the King of Warangal dispatched his son Vinayak Deva from Warangal with a large army comprising infantry and cavalry towards the fortress of Kaulas. To assist Kanhayya, Vijayanagar sent twenty thousand troops. In response, Muhammad Shah dispatched Amirul Umara Bahadur Khan, the son of Ismail Mukh, Azam-i-Humayun, and Safdar Khan Sistani along with the armies of Bidar and Berar. The battle took place near Kaulas, where

1334-586: The Tungabhadra and captured the Mudgal fort , which was garrisoned by eight thousand people. Bukka Raya ordered the killing of everyone there, including men, women and children, sparing only one person to escape and narrate the story to the Bahmani Sultan. Disturbed by the report, the Sultan proclaimed his son, Mujahid, as the heir to the throne and granted his minister, Malik Saifuddin Ghori, full authority over

1392-602: The Tungabhadra. As the retreating forces were pursued by Bukka Raya, guerrillas entered from the sides, cutting down some of the Bahmani forces. The Sultan was forced to retreat to his own territory. Upon reaching his land, he ordered an attack on Bukka Raya's camp while they were engaged in music, dancing, and drinking. The Bahmanis launched an assault on the Vijayanagar camp, forcing Bukka Raya to retreat to his own capital with his full forces. Muhammad Shah pursued Bukka Raya, but Raya managed to retreat inside his capital and barricade himself in. Recognizing this, Muhammad Shah ordered

1450-548: The Vijayanagar. Upon reaching Adoni, Bukka established his headquarters there and began preparations for war. He dispatched his general Mallinatha to confront the Bahmanis. Meanwhile, Muhammad Shah spent the rainy season at Mudgal and then moved southwards with a large army, crossing the Tungabhadra and entering Vijayanagar territory. This campaign was notable for being the first instance of artillery being used in India. Bukka emerged from his fort and appointed his maternal nephew as

1508-438: The administration to his minister Malik Saifuddin Ghori, he journeyed to Kaulas and dispatched Azam-i Humayun with the armies of Bidar and Mahur to Golconda. He instructed Safdar Khan Sistani to advance towards Warangal, the capital of Kanhayya. However, when Kanhayya sought aid from Vijayanagar, he received none due to ongoing disputes over the succession to the throne. Realizing the imminent threat, Kanhayya got afraid and fled to

1566-406: The battle ended with the defeat of Vijayanagar. The loss of the battle had a serious impact on Bukka Raya. After spending a week at Adoni, Muhammed Shah decided to march towards Vijayanagar itself. Bukka Raya attempted to utilize guerrilla warfare tactics while effectively defending his capital with full force. They exerted such pressure on the Bahmanis that they were compelled to retreat towards

1624-421: The camp of Vijayanagar and plundered it, fulfilling his vow. He is said to have massacred everyone Bukka left behind, including women and children. According to Ferishta, the numbers were 70,000, while Vijayanagar sources claim it was 90,000. He then said to have captured two thousand elephants, three hundred gun carriages, seven hundred Arab steed horses, and one bejewelled throne. Thus, he recaptured Mudgal from

1682-404: The circulation of Vijayanagar's gold coins within his kingdom. In response, Bukka Raya rebelled and, with the backing of Deccan bankers, melted down Bahmani coins. The Bahmanis warned the bankers against this, and by 1340, all bankers and money changers within Bahmani territory were captured and executed. Their descendants were barred from conducting business for the next forty years. Bukka Raya,

1740-405: The civilian population. In 1367, Muhammed Shah laid siege to Vijayanagar, where Bukka Raya had shut himself after two consecutive defeats, and massacred the Vijayanagar population, prompting Bukka Raya I to seek peace. However, the conflict continued, with subsequent battles further decimating Vijayanagar's resources and population. Kanhayya, the ruler of Warangal gave the famous Turquoise Throne to

1798-716: The commander of the fort. He also appointed Mallinatha, also known as Bhoj Mal, as the commander-in-chief of the army. Mallinatha was so confident of his success that he asked Bukka Raya whether he should bring the Sultan alive or dead, and he obtained permission from Bukka to bring him slain to the foot of the Vijayanagar throne. Muhammad Shah crossed the Tungabhadra and reached Siruguppa with fifteen thousand cavalry and fifty thousand infantry. Meanwhile, Mallinatha commanded an army of forty thousand cavalry and five hundred thousand infantry. Muhammad Shah dispatched his general Khan Muhammed to advance with an army of ten thousand cavalry and thirty thousand infantry. The decisive battle between

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1856-431: The construction of the fort at Mudgal, advantage was taken of a hillock on the top of which were built houses of the royalty and a wall with bastions. The outer fortifications of Mudgal cover an area of half a square mile. The outer fort has a wide moat, which is filled with water. The width of the moat varies, being as much as 50 yards at several places. Behind the moat, there is a scarp with a row of bastions and after that,

1914-423: The country and treasury. He then marched with his army and crossed the river Krishna, vowing to slaughter one hundred thousand Vijayanagaris. Aware of the looming threat, Bukka took preemptive action by sending all his treasuries to Vijayanagar, while he himself awaited the Sultan's arrival. The following day, he moved his army four miles from the camp, but heavy rainfall overnight turned the ground boggy, impeding

1972-417: The crucial moment, turning the tide of the battle. The two armies engaged in hand-to-hand combat, and the elephant of Khan Muhammed, named Sher-i Shikar, advanced towards their commander-in-chief, Mallinatha, severely wounding him. The Vijayanagar forces were decisively routed, and their army fled, leading to a massacre unleashed by the Bahmanis. Mallinatha's wound proved fatal, resulting in his death, and thus,

2030-578: The death of Veera Ballala III , who was defeated by the Madurai Sultanate in the Battle of Kannanur , the state was succeeded by some of his officers. Among them, the most prominent were three brothers named Harihara I , who governed the Maratha region , and Bukka Raya I , who ruled over Hampi and Dwarasamudra . Their two younger brothers held minor posts, while Bukka's son Kampana served as

2088-409: The deaths of almost 400,000 to half a million people, including ten thousand Brahmins. The district of Karnataka was so devastated that it took several decades for its population to recover to normal levels. Ultimately, due to protests from Brahmins and other Hindu chiefs, Bukka Raya was compelled to seek peace. According to Ferishta, the Sultan sheathed his sword only after the payment to the musicians

2146-571: The doorkeeper of the Hoysala king. These five brothers and their nephew were the founders of the Vijayanagar empire in the fourteenth century. Meanwhile, the Bahmanis had consolidated their power in the Deccan and were closely monitoring the situation in Delhi. The last mention of Harihara coincides with Bahman Shah 's declaration of independence. Harihara I was the first king of the Vijayanagar. By

2204-528: The establishment of the Bahmani Dynasty , the Bijapur kings took possession of the western and southern parts of the territory of the Bahmani kingdom including the forts of Raichur and Mudgal. During 16th century Mudgal was ruled by Vijayanagar Empire . Many battles were fought between Vijayanagar suratrana and Bahmani sultans . The most important place of interest at Mudgal is the fort. In

2262-456: The fighters took up arms and arrested Vinayak. Shah then launched a raid on Warangal, captured Vinayak Deva, and subjected him to a cruel execution, citing the insult he perceived from Vinayak's actions. The people of Andhra were incensed by Vinayak's death. When Shah attempted to retrace his steps to Bidar, they launched an attack from rooftops and trees, resulting in the loss of three thousand out of his four thousand men, and Shah himself sustained

2320-453: The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It began due to disputes over the acceptance of coins in both states, with Bahmani ruler Muhammed Shah I banning Vijayanagar coins in his dominions. This move prompted Vijayanagar's Bukka Raya I to forge an alliance with Musunuri Nayakas , the then rulers of Warangal , Kanhayya , and local bankers, resulting in the destruction of Bahmani coins and the escalation of tensions leading to outright war. This

2378-776: The fourth Bahmani–Vijayanagar War between Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah and Deva Raya I Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1417–1419) , the fifth Bahmani-Vijayanagar War between Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah and Dev Raya I Bahmani-Vijaynagar War (1423) , the sixth Bahmani-Vijayanagar War between Ahmad Shah Bahmani and Vira Vijaya Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1443) , the final Bahmani–Vijayanagar War between Alau'd-din Ahmad Shah and Deva Raya II See also [ edit ] Bahmani Sultanate (c.1347–1527), in medieval southern India Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646), in medieval southern India Bahman (disambiguation) Bahmani, Iran (disambiguation) Vijaynagar (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

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2436-477: The host family to show their dairy product manufacturing skills to guests. although this practice is dwindling with the younger generation who are migrating outside of Mudgal. Meat products such as chicken, fish, mutton and beef are also produced. The mutton of Mudgal is highly reverered due to its succulent taste owing to fresh feed available to livestock. Many local dishes are dairy or meat based. Jowar , bajra , Indian barley and makai are grown locally and are

2494-435: The issues regarding Kanhayya resolved, opted to launch an attack on its neighbour, Vijayanagar. To initiate the conflict, he sent a letter to Vijayanagar, demanding payment for three hundred musicians who had travelled from Delhi to Bahmani, likely to participate in the wedding of his son, Mujahid Shah . Shah's inebriation at the time led to the drafting of the letter, and incensed by this act, Bukka Raya retaliated by punishing

2552-485: The king of Vijayanagar, protested against the Bahmani's claim to issue gold coins as a sign of sovereignty, and demanded the cession of Raichur Doab to the Vijayanagar empire. Kanhayya, the ruler of Warangal, demanded the fortress of Kaulas , which had previously been granted to Bahman Shah. This request stemmed from his son's desire to claim the fort from the Sultanate against his own wishes. Bukka Raya also threatened

2610-461: The messengers with equal indignity. Seeking to gain the upper hand, Bukka declared war and decided to launch a preemptive attack in 1366. According to some accounts, he prepared the invasion with an army of nine hundred thousand infantry, eighty thousand cavalry, and three thousand elephants. However, another account states that he invaded with one hundred thousand infantry, thirty thousand cavalry, and three thousand elephants. He marched by crossing

2668-402: The movement of the Vijayanagar army. Recognizing Bukka's predicament, Shah promptly advanced to meet him the next morning. Upon realizing the disadvantage and upon seeing the Sultan, Bukka offered no resistance and fled with some selected troops towards the fortress of Adoni, leaving everything behind. Bukka left the fort, entrusting it to his sister's son. Muhammad Shah, with his army, entered

2726-410: The nearby Jungles. Shah remained at Telangana for two years, and besieged Warangal. Finally in 1364, Kanhayya surrendered to Shah and paid thirteen crores of gold Huns, also ceding Golconda to the Bahmanis. Consequently, the ruler of Telangana, Kanhayya, became a vassal of the Bahmanis. Kanhayya also presented the famous Turquoise Throne to the Bahmani Sultan. Muhammad Shah appointed Azam-i Humayun as

2784-560: The overseer of Golconda. The Kings of Warangal and Vijayanagar found themselves thoroughly outmanoeuvred. Bukka Raya could hardly stand idly by while his ally in Warangal faced annihilation. Consequently, he dispatched ambassadors to Delhi, seeking assistance from Firuz Shah and offering to reclaim their territories in the Deccan. However, Firuz Shah was preoccupied with internal conflicts and unable to take any action. Sultan Muhammad Shah I, displeased with Vijayanagar's behaviour, and with

2842-410: The religious disparities between the two states, leading to the assumption that Vijayanagar had been subjugated to the vassal status of the Bahmanis. However, this notions were the exaggerations during the medieval era. In reality, the wars between the Bahmanis and Vijayanagar were not religious in nature, but rather secular competitions for the acquisition of wealth and territory. Despite the victories of

2900-477: The remnants of these empires, history repeated itself. Moreover, the unique circumstances surrounding the formation of these two states made frequent warfare between them a common occurrence. During their inception, each state acquired only certain parts of the Raichur Doab, yet as the political successors of their predecessors, both aspired to control the entire region. During Bahman Shah's reign, he forbade

2958-606: The road are the remains of the Naubat Khana. On the way to the Bala Hisar is the gunpowder magazine, where, at one end, two compartments have been built for the storage of gunpowder. Food preferences of the local people are similar to the North Karnataka region, but with influences from Hyderabadi , Marathi , South Karnataka and Konkani cuisines due to the vicinity of those cities to Mudgal. Arabian cuisine

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3016-443: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bahmani–Vijayanagar War . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahmani–Vijayanagar_War&oldid=1254865491 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

3074-498: The staple diet but nowadays wheat and rice are also grown and consumed due to neighboring influences. Peanuts and sunflowers are also cultivated in large quantities to produce cooking oil, chutney and achaars . Jaggery is produced in large quantities and exported due to sugarcane and sugarbeet cultivation. Chilli pepper cultivation is also on a large scale with local varieties of cayenne and paprika . They are used to flavor many local dishes - locals are accustomed to

3132-520: The time of Harihara's death, Bukka appears to have been the sole surviving representative of the five brothers. When Firuz Shah Tughlaq of Delhi Sultanate announced that he would not endeavour to bring the South back under the rule of Delhi, the rulers of Vijayanagar and of Bahmani, relieved of this concern, were able to engage in hostilities independently. At the same time, a ruler named Kanhayya, also known as Kanhaiya Nayak, Kanya Nayak, who hailed from

3190-615: Was an important outpost of the Kakatiya kingdom . Ala-ud-din Bahman Shah , after seizing Devagiri , captured Mudgal along with Raichur. Some recent controversy regarding the original name of Mudgal had arisen by many Historians claiming that it was actually called "Al-Madaggal" during the Bahmani Sultanate era meaning "Place which has been agriculturally cultivated" in Arabic since the Bahmani Turks were predominantly Turko-Arab. After

3248-408: Was made. Raya dispatched envoys to the Sultan's camp, requesting peace and appealing for a brotherly relationship between the two states. Upon hearing this, Sultan Muhammed Shah smiled and replied that he desired nothing more than the payment of the Delhi musicians' salary from the Bahmani treasury, as stipulated in the draft he had sent. The musicians, having begged for the Sultan's pardon, also made

3306-571: Was the first war in India where the Europeans fought at the Deccan and the infantry was used. The conflict intensified with the execution of Warangal's prince by the Bahmanis, a consequence of disputes over horse trading. This event ultimately led to the vassalization of Warangal, further fueling animosity between the two powers. As the war progressed, Bahmani victories over Vijayanagar forces at Mudgal and Kauthal resulted in heavy casualties among

3364-547: Was then signed, stipulating that both parties would refrain from killing prisoners or civilians in the future, although it was violated several times. After a thirty-year period of peace, Harihara II initiated another war with the Bahmanis during the reign of Tajuddin Firuz Shah in 1398. Mudgal Mudgal is a Municipal town in Lingsugur taluk, Raichur district in the Indian state of Karnataka . Mudgal

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