Misplaced Pages

#378621

51-591: Miranda State (Spanish: Estado Miranda , IPA: [esˈtaðo miˈɾanda] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela and the second most populous after Zulia State . As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 2,675,165 residents. It also has the greatest Human Development Index in Venezuela, according to the Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Caracas). The most recent population estimate

102-646: A possum , is a marsupial species living from the northeast of Mexico to Bolivia (reaching the coast of the South Pacific Ocean to the central coast of Peru ), including Trinidad and Tobago and the Windwards in the Caribbean , where it is called manicou . It prefers the woods, but can also live in fields and cities. This opossum is found in tropical and subtropical forest, both primary and secondary , at altitudes up to 2200 m. They use

153-570: A referendum held two days earlier, Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro published a new map showing the claimed region of Guayana Esequiba as part of Venezuela. He urged legislators to create a law which would establish a new state covering the disputed region. The Venezuelan referendum on annexing the area led to a diplomatic crisis between the two countries. Venezuela's territory is generally divided into nine geographical regions, which are mostly used for geographical, cultural and planning purposes but do not have active administrative bodies. Below

204-432: A body length of nearly a foot, and a tail that can reach almost two feet, the common opossum is one of the larger members of its family. An adult can weigh more than three pounds. Their activity is mainly nocturnal and terrestrial, with some arboreal exploration and nesting. Outside of mating, they are usually solitary. A male opossum's home range (distance traveled at night) can vary in size from wet to dry seasons while

255-404: A broader range than a human. The female will have five to nine offspring between one and three times per year after maturity. The mother raises the young by herself. The common opossum can mate for the majority of the calendar year. They do not mate for life. Female opossums can give birth to at most 24 infants, however, only a third of them usually survive. Young opossums stay with the mother for

306-466: A concrete way until 1864, when about twenty states were founded which, in the following governments, would be reduced to nine, among these, the founded state of Guzmán Blanco, which by 1873 only covered the region of Aragua. In 1881, the State of Guzmán Blanco expanded its territory to include the region of Miranda, among other nearby regions that were included as part of Guárico. In 1889, the territory of

357-581: A depression in the Serranía del Litoral. The Guaire River, which runs through the city of Caracas, divides the sector into two strips that are differentiated by their decline: the Valles del Tuy and La Depresión de Barlovento. The waters that make up the hydrographic network of the state are mostly short course. The main river basin in the State is that of the River Tuy. The availability of water resources in

408-425: A female has a more stationary home range when she is breeding. Males are most active between 11 pm and 3 am at night. They are considered pests due to their somewhat raccoon-like behavior. Raiding trash cans, nesting in locations that are not suitable, and causing mayhem if encountered within a human living space, they are often trapped and killed. Opossums have not been observed to be territorial. The common opossum

459-608: A major urban boom, which caused a decrease in the amount of agricultural land. The state is well known for its green areas (including several national parks, haciendas and protected areas), for its highly urbanized cities that coexist with rural towns, for the coasts of the Caribbean Sea, a safe stop during vacation seasons, the Devils of Yare and the Tacarigua Lagoon; just to mention some of the tourist attractions of

510-413: A period of four years with the possibility of re-election for new periods, being in charge of the state administration. Until 1988, the governor was appointed by the president of the republic. In 1989, the first direct regional elections were held in the country. The current governor is Hector Rodriguez. He was elected on October 15, 2017 with 52.78% of the votes. The Legislative Power is represented by

561-539: A renamed Aragua State, in 1881 the states of Miranda, Guárico, Nueva Esparta and the Vargas department of the Federal District were merged into the state. This was part of a territorial reorganisation reducing the number of states from 20 to 9, which was reversed in 1901. The 1990s saw the creation of three new states: Delta Amacuro (1991), Amazonas (1994), and Vargas (1998). On 5 December 2023, following

SECTION 10

#1732791576379

612-514: A wide range of nest sites. Most commonly they will create one in the hollow of a tree; however, they will also dig a burrow or nest in any dark location if nothing else is suitable (which often gets them in trouble with humans). Opossums enjoy denning underground, but do not spend as much time underground when it is dry season. Common predators of the opossum are humans, house pets (ex: dogs and cats), and birds. When they are in danger, they act dead, also called, 'playing possum.' The common opossum

663-592: Is Major General Regulo Argotte Prieto. The State of Miranda as a federal entity with constitutional rank has its own Constitution, ( Constitución del Estado Miranda , the Constitution of the State of Miranda) and it has two branches of public power according to Article 14 of its Constitution: the Executive (Governor of Miranda) and the Legislative (Legislative Council). In addition, autonomous bodies such as

714-410: Is a host of the acanthocephalan intestinal parasite Gigantorhynchus lutzi . Common predators of the opossum are humans, house pets (ex: dogs and cats), and birds. When they are in danger, they act dead, also called, 'playing possum'. Common opossums have a broad ability to adapt to environmental changes, and their teeth allow them to eat many different types of food, which is obtained mostly on

765-465: Is a list of the 23 states of Venezuela. The states are listed along with their correspondent emblems, data and location. (2021) Several states are named for historical figures: Several states are named for natural features: Other naming origins: Didelphis marsupialis Didelphis marsupialis marsupialis The common opossum ( Didelphis marsupialis ), also called the southern or black-eared opossum or gambá , and sometimes called

816-465: Is divided into 21 municipalities and 55 parishes according to the Regional and National Constitution. Miranda State is sub-divided into 21 municipalities, given below with their administrative centres, areas and populations: According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was: The economic development of the state is based on the excellence of its soils, which has allowed

867-470: Is modified again and the capital of the state becomes Petare, and in 1904 it is changed to Ocumare del Tuy. In 1909 the last important modification was made, changing the capital to Los Teques. In 1982, the municipality of Los Salias was founded through the Official Gazette of the State of Miranda. In 1989, after the decentralization carried out by President Carlos Andrés Perez, Arnaldo Arocha

918-474: Is similar in size to a house cat . The fur of the opossum is actually yellow in the under-fur, but is hidden by the longer black guard-hairs that cover it, while the tail, fingers, and face are lighter "with the tail being without fur, somewhat similar to a giant rat tail". It can measure nearly 20 inches long. It has large ears that are usually black, and its face is usually a pale peach in color, with black whiskers and eyes that reflect reddish in light. With

969-492: Is the high mirandine headquarters of the SENIAT, also near Los Teques is the town of San Pedro de Los Altos, an agricultural town, where vegetables and large areas of flower crops are grown, and several bottling plants for mineral water such as Minalba and Zenda where pure spring water is bottled. It also highlights its architecture ranging from modern Chacao to the colonial architecture of many villages, highlighting in that aspect

1020-417: Is the industrial one, standing out the manufacturing one, which conforms together with the one of the Federal District the first urban manufacturing set of the country. The tertiary sector is extremely important: financial, commercial and service activities are concentrated in the area of Miranda. During the last two decades the tourist activity has grown with the installation of a great hotel infrastructure in

1071-483: Is very hot in the low areas with temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 42 °C with very high humidity in the coastal region of Barlovento. In the Altos Mirandinos region, temperatures vary slightly throughout the year. In the dry season (December–March), temperatures vary between 10 °C and 23 °C, in the beginning of the wet season (April, May) high temperatures can be registered up to 33 °C,

SECTION 20

#1732791576379

1122-572: The Federal War (1859–1863), the country was divided into provinces rather than states (see Provinces of Venezuela ). The victorious forces were supposed to grant more autonomy to the individual states, but this was not implemented. From 1863 to the early 1900s there were numerous territorial changes, including the merger and splitting of states, but from then until the 1990s the states were left unchanged. States that existed during this time included Guzmán Blanco State (1873–1889). Originally

1173-482: The Capital District and the state of Vargas. It is located in the central coastal area of the country. It borders on the north with the Federal District, on the south with the states of Guarico and Aragua, on the east with the Caribbean Sea and on the west with Aragua. Relief The relief is predominantly rugged and abrupt, with high slopes and narrow valleys within the mountains. The eastern sector constitutes

1224-828: The Caracas, the Teques, the Cumanagotos, the Mariches and the Quiriquires. The Teques inhabited the southwestern part of Guaire. The Mariches inhabited the eastern part of the Caracas Valley. They practiced hunting and gathering, while others lived by fishing. When the Spanish conquistadors arrived, these tribes were brave enough to fight for their territory, commanded by caciques like Guaicaipuro and Yare. Guaicaipuro

1275-399: The Constitution of the State of Miranda, which is the basis of the state's legal system and was approved in 2006. Its current governor is Hector Rodriguez. The executive branch is composed of a governor and a council of secretaries who assist him in the management of government and are freely appointed and removable officials. The governor is elected by the people by direct and secret vote for

1326-693: The Democratic Unity Table. The President of the Legislative Council is Legislator Aurora Morales and the Vice President is Legislator Miguel Mora . Miranda State has its own autonomous police force based on Article 164 of the 1999 Venezuelan Constitution, which is known as Polimiranda (Miranda State Police), created in 1996 as the Autonomous Police Institute of Miranda State. Its current director

1377-609: The Guzmán Blanco State was again modified by the Constitution, and its size was reduced by excluding several regions of the country such as the region of Aragua, but renaming the State as Edo Miranda. In 1900, by decree of General Cipriano Castro, the state of Caracas was included in Miranda and Caracas was renamed Miranda State with the provisional capital in Santa Lucia. Then in 1901 the political-territorial space

1428-585: The Royal Guipuzcoa Company, which generated the first discontents and uprisings against the crown. From the beginning of the 17th century, slave labour quickly replaced the Indian labour force, concentrating on the Windward region, which was the largest cocoa producer. It was in this region that the first free blacks rose up against their masters, but were later stifled by Spanish troops. After

1479-788: The State Comptroller's Office and the Attorney General's Office are established. The other three depend on the National Power as the Judicial (Miranda State Judicial District), Electoral (Miranda State Electoral Office) and Citizen. Its authorities are elected by the Mirandina people in a universal, direct and secret way, sending 13 deputies to the National Assembly of Venezuela. The state of Miranda

1530-575: The Tuy Valley continues. Since colonial times there have been cocoa plantations in Barlovento combined with cassava, yams, caraotas or beans and bananas. The industrialization process had an important economic impact, favored by its proximity to the city of Caracas, mainly in the cities of Petare, Guarenas and Guatire and in the valley of Tuy, where manufacturing centers of the metal-mechanical, chemical and food sectors were established. This led to

1581-526: The Tuy Valleys, in the Guarenas and Guatire area, and in the Barlovento region. In mountainous areas, rivers and streams, it is common to see mammals such as the raccoon ( Didelphis marsupialis ) and the spiny rat ( Proechimys sp.), the squirrel ( Sciurus granatensis ), the mountain buckthorn ( Dasypus novemcinctus ), the porcupine ( Coendou prehensilis ), the agouti ( Dasyprocta leporina ),

Miranda (state) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-774: The Tuy on the left bank, have been dammed, near the Teques, in the Agua Fría reservoir, while the Ocumare, was dammed near Ocumare del Tuy, in the Ocumarito reservoir. The best known tributary is the Guaire River. On the right bank, the Tuy receives the Taguaza, Taguacita and Cuira rivers. Other important rivers are the Guarenas, Rio Grande or Caucagua, Capaya, El Guapo, Pacairigua, El Curiepe and Cúpira. The climate of Miranda State

1683-554: The area of Los Carraos and Zuloaga caves, the insectivorous bat species Natalus tumidirostris , Myotis keaysi and Tadarida aurispinosa have been identified. Among the common trees to find in the forest are, the ladle or child ( Gyranthera caribensis ), the bitter cedar ( Cedrela mexicana ), milky of the genus Sapium ( Sapium stylare ), yagrumo ( Cecropia peltata ), yagrumo male ( Didymopanax morototoni ), bucare ( Erythrina poeppigiana ), ceiba ( Ceiba pentandra ), indio desnudo ( Bursera simaruba ); in some parts of

1734-426: The boom in agriculture. The region of the valleys of Tuy is characterized by the production of cocoa, sugar cane, and corn, among other crops. Barlovento also has great fertility of its lands, standing out the cultivation of cocoa and a great variety of fruits and vegetables. Likewise, Guatire and Guarenas have good lands for cultivation, being coffee one of the main products of the area. Among other economic activities

1785-419: The coast of Barlovento. Cereals are grown in the fertile valleys of Tuy, while the microclimates are used for horticultural and fruit activities whose products are processed in the agro-industries. In suburban areas, poultry and pig farming are practiced, especially promoted by Portuguese, Spanish and Italian immigrants. Coffee production has decreased; however, the expansion of sugar cane and cotton crops in

1836-656: The country, gives its rivers great significance as sources of water for urban consumption. The Tuy River, with a length of 250 km, rises at an altitude of 2 100 m, on the southern flank of the Litoral mountain range, flows eastwards through the Abra de Tácata to the Tuy and Barlovento valleys, and flows into the Caribbean Sea through the Paparo mouth. The El Jarillo River and the Aguas Frías and La Negra streams, tributaries of

1887-404: The dissolution of Gran Colombia, Venezuela still used the provinces as a political-territorial organization, which had been used for a long time. Miranda, at that time, was part of a province. Between 1832 and 1855 the use of the province persisted due to the confusion generated by the existence of a state as a political division of the country. The division by states did not appear in Venezuela in

1938-423: The eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus camaldulensis ), apamates ( Tabebuia rosea ), araguaneyes ( Tabebuia chrysantha ), mahoganies ( Swietenia macrophylla ), soaps ( Hura crepitans ), kujis ( Acacia farnesiana ), samans ( Pithecellobium saman ), bamboos ( Bambusa vulgaris ), riqui riquis ( Heliconia latispatha ) and tapir nails ( Philodendron ) The state of Miranda (as a federal entity) has its own charter,

1989-468: The ground. They can eat insects (such as beetles and grasshoppers ) and other invertebrates (such as earthworms ), small vertebrates (toads [such as cane toads ], snakes [such as South American rattlesnakes ], birds [such as lance-tailed manakins ], and small mammals), fruits, vegetables, nectar, and also carrion. In urban areas, they may find articles of food in compost piles and garbage cans. Their ability to digest almost anything edible gives them

2040-596: The many museums, cathedrals and historic churches it has. It also has a diversity of monuments, urban parks, viewpoints, theaters, among many other spaces for the enjoyment of visitors. The state of Miranda has monuments and natural heritage because of its incredible beauty, some of these are The state of Miranda has a varied architectural heritage: States of Venezuela The states and territories of Venezuela are usually organized into regions ( Spanish : regiones ), although these regions are mostly geographical entities rather than administrative entities. Prior to

2091-404: The region that is visited annually by thousands of seasonal visitors. It has large shopping centers, in the east of the metropolitan area of Caracas, for the enjoyment of the population, in the high mirandinos is La Cascada Commercial City, of large dimensions that has food fairs, cinemas, large stores, and all kinds of services and bank agencies, Additionally, in the professional center La Cascada

Miranda (state) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-439: The rest of the year it varies between 16 °C and 25 °C. The state of Miranda has soils with a high agricultural vocation that have been used since colonial times for the cultivation of cocoa, fruits, vegetables, cereals and other subsistence crops. However, the pressure of urban and industrial activities, especially the settlement of high population concentrations, has meant a loss of very considerable agricultural areas in

2193-515: The sloth ( Bradypus tridactylus ) very common in all areas of the municipality, the rabbit ( Sylvilagus brasiliensis ), and the one that has almost disappeared from the municipal area, the matacan deer ( Mazama americana ) that was common in the area of Turgua. In addition, at night it is common to observe bats, among which the list bat ( Saccopteryx bilineata ), common fruit bat ( Artibeus jamaicensis ), common vampire bat ( Desmodus rotundus ), and house bat ( Molossus molossus ) stand out. In

2244-404: The state is really precarious, as the state is located in the largest urban conglomerate in the country. The volume of available water is committed to supply almost the entire metropolitan district of Caracas, as well as the entire territory of Mirandina, which is poorly supplied by the reservoirs of La Mariposa, Lagartijo, La Pereza, Ocumarito, Agua Fría, Taguaza, El Guapo and Quebrada Seca. Many of

2295-547: The state of Miranda. During the colony this region became part of the Province of Caracas. At the end of the 16th century and beginning of the 17th century the highlands were used to cultivate, among other products, wheat destined largely for export to Cartagena de Indias and the Caribbean islands. From the second decade of the 17th century, cocoa displaced these crops. In addition, all commercial activities were monopolized by

2346-441: The state the native flora has been intervened and replaced by fruit trees such as guamo ( Inga fastuosa ), mango ( Mangifera indica ), orange ( Citrus × sinensis ), mandarin ( Citrus × tangerina ), guava ( Psidium guajava ), pomarosa ( Syzygium jambos ), avocado ( Persea americana ) and cambur ( Musa × paradisiaca ). In the urban area it is common to see different types of ornamental trees, among which we can highlight

2397-425: The towns in the state are not frequently supplied with drinking water due to the high consumption of water resources. The Guaire, Tuy and Grande rivers are not used because they are in a state of contamination. The hydrography of Miranda State is characterized by the short course and low flow of its rivers, with the exception of Tuy. This characteristic, combined with the settlement of the largest mass of population in

2448-468: The unicameral Legislative Council of the State of Miranda, elected by the people through a direct and secret vote every four years. They can be re-elected for new consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities. The PSUV currently has 15 legislators and since the 2012 regional elections the PSUV has a majority of 8 legislators against 7 from

2499-408: Was 3,194,390 in mid-2016. Miranda is an important center for political, economic, cultural and commercial activities. The state is administered by a governor, and is sub-divided into 21 municipalities, each under a mayor. Miranda State covers a total surface area of 7,950 km (3,070 sq mi). When the Spanish arrived, the region was inhabited by various Caribbean tribes. Among them were

2550-583: Was a legendary cacique of the Teques and Caracas Indians who resisted the conquistador Diego de Losada, while cacique Yare was the cumanagoto, quiriquire, charagoto and arauco chief who killed Captain Mendoza, who had murdered the Indian Tamanaco. Once all the tribes were subdued, the Spaniards settled completely on these lands, founding the city of Caracas, and later different towns in the interior of

2601-632: Was elected the first governor by popular vote. By October 15, 2017, Héctor Rodríguez was elected governor of the State of Miranda, after facing Carlos Ocariz in an election. On Dec. 5, the Legislative Assembly of Miranda State created the Independence district, with its capital in Santa Teresa del Tuy The state of Miranda is located in the north-central part of Venezuela. It is part of the so-called Capital Region together with

SECTION 50

#1732791576379
#378621