80-484: Solomon [REDACTED] Russian icon of King Solomon Pronunciation / ˈ s ɒ l ə m ən / Gender Male Origin Word/name Hebrew Meaning "Peaceful" Other names Alternative spelling Salomon Related names Suleiman , Sulayman , Salomão , Shlomo, Soghomon, Salman , Zalman Solomon
160-1357: A British author Samuel Moss Solomon (1769–1842), early settler in Australia, many notable descendants Saul Solomon (disambiguation) , multiple people Shalonda Solomon , American sprinter Sheldon Solomon , American social psychologist, co-developer of terror management theory Shirley Solomon , Canadian television talk show host Simeon Solomon , British Pre-Raphaelite painter Solomon family , historically notable family in Australian politics and business Solomon Joseph Solomon , British Pre-Raphaelite painter Stacey Solomon (born 1989), British singer, television presenter, and model Steven Solomon (born 1993), Australian Olympic sprinter Suniti Solomon (1938 or 1939 – 2015), Indian physician and microbiologist Susan Solomon (born 1956), American atmospheric chemist, MIT faculty Tupe Solomon-Tanoa'i , New Zealand diplomat Vaiben Louis Solomon (1853–1908), first mayor of Darwin and 21st premier of South Australia Virgil Solomon (1894–1972), Romanian physician and politician Vonzell Solomon , American singer Will Solomon (born 1978), American basketball player Fictional characters [ edit ] Alfie Solomons , played by Tom Hardy in
240-418: A contested issue. Following the death of Patriarch Adrian in 1700, Peter I of Russia ( r. 1682–1725 ) decided against an election of a new patriarch, and drawing on the clergy that came from Ukraine, he appointed Stefan Yavorsky as locum tenens . Peter believed that Russia's resources, including the church, could be used to establish a modern European state and he sought to strengthen
320-711: A critic of the Moscow Patriarchate who was one of those who briefly gained access to the KGB 's archives in the early 1990s, argued that the Moscow Patriarchate was "practically a subsidiary, a sister company of the KGB". Critics charge that the archives showed the extent of active participation of the top ROC hierarchs in the KGB efforts overseas. George Trofimoff , the highest-ranking US military officer ever indicted for, and convicted of, espionage by
400-591: A delegation to the king of Poland warning him not to accept Gregory; Jonah also attempted to persuade feudal princes and nobles who resided in Lithuania to continue to side with Orthodoxy, but this attempt failed. The fall of Constantinople and the beginning of autocephaly of the Russian Church contributed to political consolidation in Russia and the development of a new identity based on awareness that Moscow
480-588: A move that caused division among clergy and faithful that persisted until 1946. Between 1917 and 1935, 130,000 Eastern Orthodox priests were arrested. Of these, 95,000 were put to death. Many thousands of victims of persecution became recognized in a special canon of saints known as the " new martyrs and confessors of Russia". When Patriarch Tikhon died in 1925, the Soviet authorities forbade patriarchal election. Patriarchal locum tenens (acting Patriarch) Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky, 1887–1944), going against
560-708: A multi-candidate election, the Church again attempted to run its own religious candidates in the 1937 elections . However the support of multicandidate elections was retracted several months before the elections were held and in neither 1929 nor 1937 were any candidates of the Orthodox Church elected. After Nazi Germany's attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, Joseph Stalin revived the Russian Orthodox Church to intensify patriotic support for
640-721: A series of reforms led to a schism in the Russian Church , as the Old Believers opposed the changes. The ROC currently claims exclusive jurisdiction over the Eastern Orthodox Christians, irrespective of their ethnic background, who reside in the former member republics of the Soviet Union , excluding Georgia . The ROC also created the autonomous Church of Japan and Chinese Orthodox Church . The ROC eparchies in Belarus and Latvia , since
720-776: A single candidate for the office of bishop or any other high-ranking office, much less a member of the Holy Synod, went through without confirmation by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB ". Professor Nathaniel Davis points out: "If the bishops wished to defend their people and survive in office, they had to collaborate to some degree with the KGB, with the commissioners of the Council for Religious Affairs, and with other party and governmental authorities". Patriarch Alexy II, acknowledged that compromises were made with
800-698: A total of 95,259 monks and nuns in Russia. The year 1917 was a major turning point in Russian history, and also the Russian Orthodox Church. In early March 1917 (O.S.), the Tsar was forced to abdicate , the Russian empire began to implode, and the government's direct control of the Church was all but over by August 1917. On 15 August (O.S.), in the Moscow Dormition Cathedral in the Kremlin,
880-625: Is a masculine given name and surname of Hebrew origin, popularized by the biblical figure Solomon , Israelite monarch and son of David . The name is derived from the Latin Solomōn , borrowed from the Ancient Greek Solomṓn (Σολομών), ultimately from the Hebrew Šĕlōmō (שְׁלֹמֹה). It is derived from the Semitic root Š-L-M (ש-ל-ם), which translates to "whole, complete" which
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#1732791853249960-579: Is also the basis of the word Shalom (שָׁלוֹם, lit. ' peace ' ). Single name [ edit ] Solomon (exilarch) , ruled the Diaspora Jewish community 730–761 Solomon (magister militum) (480s/490s–544), Byzantine eunuch general, governor of Africa Solomon, Count of Cerdanya and Urgell (died c. 869) Solomon of Hungary (1053–1087) Solomon I (1735–1784) Solomon II (1772–1815) Solomon of Montpellier , 13th-century Rabbi Solomon (pianist) (1902–1988),
1040-540: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Russian Orthodox Church Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure : Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: Semi-Autonomous: The Russian Orthodox Church ( ROC ; Russian : Русская православная церковь , romanized : Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov' , abbreviated as РПЦ), alternatively legally known as
1120-644: Is disputed which church has been the legitimate successor to the Russian Orthodox Church that had existed before 1925. In 1927, Metropolitan Eulogius (Georgiyevsky) of Paris broke with the ROCOR (along with Metropolitan Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York, leader of the Russian Metropolia in America). In 1930, after taking part in a prayer service in London in supplication for Christians suffering under
1200-538: Is little information about Christianity in sources in the period between 969 and 988. Ten years after seizing power, Grand Prince Vladimir was baptized in 988 and began Christianizing his people upon his return. That year was decreed by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1988 as the date of the Christianization of the country. According to the Chronicle , Vladimir had previously sent envoys to investigate
1280-523: The 1945 Local Council from the representatives of the clergy and the laity. NKVD demanded "to outline persons who have religious authority among the clergy and believers, and at the same time checked for civic or patriotic work". In the letter sent in September 1944, it was emphasized: "It is important to ensure that the number of nominated candidates is dominated by the agents of the NKBD, capable of holding
1360-675: The Apostle Andrew visited Scythia and Greek colonies along the northern coast of the Black Sea before making his way to Chersonesus in Crimea . According to the legend, Andrew reached the future location of Kiev and foretold the foundation of a great Christian city with many churches. Then, "he came to the [land of the] Slovenians where Novgorod now [stands]" and observed the locals, before eventually arriving in Rome . Despite
1440-691: The Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox churches in Western Europe . Moreover, in the 1929 elections , the Orthodox Church attempted to formulate itself as a full-scale opposition group to the Communist Party, and attempted to run candidates of its own against the Communist candidates. Article 124 of the 1936 Soviet Constitution officially allowed for freedom of religion within the Soviet Union, and along with initial statements of it being
1520-602: The Council of Florence , the only Russian prelate present at the council signed the union, which, according to his companion, was only under duress. Metropolitan Isidore left Florence on 6 September 1439 and returned to Moscow on 19 March 1441. The chronicles say that three days after arriving in Moscow, Grand Prince Vasily II arrested Isidore and placed him under supervision in the Chudov Monastery . According to
1600-709: The Local ( Pomestniy ) Council of the ROC, the first such convention since the late 17th century, opened. The council continued its sessions until September 1918 and adopted a number of important reforms, including the restoration of Patriarchate , a decision taken 3 days after the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government in Petrograd on 25 October (O.S.). On 5 November, Metropolitan Tikhon of Moscow
1680-492: The Mongol invasions , Metropolitan Maximus moved his seat to Vladimir in 1299, "being unable to tolerate Tatar violence", according to a later chronicle. His successor, Peter , found himself caught in the conflict between the principalities of Tver and Moscow for supremacy in northwest Russia . Peter moved his residence to Moscow in 1325 and became a strong ally of the prince of Moscow. During Peter's tenure in Moscow,
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#17327918532491760-464: The Moscow Patriarchate ( Russian : Московский патриархат , romanized : Moskovskiy patriarkhat ), is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The primate of the ROC is the patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' . The Christianization of Kievan Rus' commenced in 988 with the baptism of Vladimir the Great and his subjects by the clergy of
1840-777: The Philippine–American War . His son predeceased him. Luna was the uncle of suffragist Nina Otero-Warren . Luna was a member of the Knights of Columbus and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks . Luna died by drowning in a sheep vat on his ranch in Bernalillo County, New Mexico , on August 29, 1912. He was buried at the Mount Calvary Cemetery in Albuquerque, New Mexico. By
1920-462: The Russian SFSR , between 40% and 50% of newborn babies (depending on the region) were baptized. Over 60% of all deceased received Christian funeral services. Beginning in the late 1980s, under Mikhail Gorbachev, the new political and social freedoms resulted in the return of many church buildings to the church, so they could be restored by local parishioners. A pivotal point in the history of
2000-435: The Soviet Union , which had refused to recognise the authority of the Moscow Patriarchate that was de facto headed by Metropolitan Sergius Stragorodsky . The two churches reconciled on 17 May 2007 ; the ROCOR is now a self-governing part of the Russian Orthodox Church. One of the foundational narratives associated with the history of Orthodoxy in Russia is found in the 12th-century Primary Chronicle , which says that
2080-716: The United States and sentenced to life imprisonment on 27 September 2001, had been "recruited into the service of the KGB" by Igor Susemihl (a.k.a. Zuzemihl), a bishop in the Russian Orthodox Church (subsequently, a high-ranking hierarch—the ROC Metropolitan Iriney of Vienna , who died in July 1999). Konstanin Kharchev, former chairman of the Soviet Council on Religious Affairs, explained: "Not
2160-415: The ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople , which traditionally marks the beginning of the history of Russian Christianity. Starting in the 14th century, Moscow served as the primary residence of the metropolitan , and in 1448, the ROC declared autocephaly . Later, in 1589, the metropolitan of Moscow was elevated to the position of patriarch with the consent of Constantinople. In the mid-17th century,
2240-514: The non-possessors , who opposed monastic landholding except for the purposes of charity in addition to strong involvement of the church in the affairs of the state, while Joseph of Volotsk (1439–1515) led a movement that supported strong church involvement in the state's affairs. By 1551, the Stoglav Synod addressed the lack of uniformity in existing ecclesial practices. Metropolitan Macarius also collected "all holy books... available in
2320-547: The Bolsheviks trying to take control of the monastery's premises and the believers, Patriarch Tikhon issued a proclamation that anathematised the perpetrators of such acts. The church was caught in the crossfire of the Russian Civil War that began later in 1918, and church leadership, despite their attempts to be politically neutral (from the autumn of 1918), as well as the clergy generally were perceived by
2400-535: The British period crime drama Peaky Blinders Dick Solomon , lead character of the television sitcom '3rd Rock from the Sun' Sally Solomon , character in the television sitcom '3rd Rock from the Sun' Solomon Kane , lead character in some Robert E. Howard short stories Harry Solomon , character in the television sitcom '3rd Rock from the Sun' Tommy Solomon , character in the television sitcom '3rd Rock from
2480-586: The Communist regime confiscated church property, ridiculed religion, harassed believers, and propagated materialism and atheism in schools. Actions toward particular religions, however, were determined by State interests, and most organized religions were never outlawed. Orthodox clergy and active believers were treated by the Soviet law-enforcement apparatus as anti-revolutionary elements and were habitually subjected to formal prosecutions on political charges, arrests, exiles, imprisonment in camps , and later could also be incarcerated in mental hospitals . However,
Solomon (name) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2560-1845: The New York Court of Appeals Solomon Feferman (1928–2016), American mathematician Surname [ edit ] Abraham Solomon (1823–1862), British painter Ada Solomon (born 1968), Romanian film producer Albert Solomon (1876–1914), Australian politician, premier of Tasmania Anthony M. Solomon (1919–2008), American Treasury undersecretary and president of the Federal Reserve Board of New York Anu Solomon (born 1996), American football player Barbara Probst Solomon (1928–2019), American author and journalist Charles "King" Solomon (1884–1933), Russian-born mob boss of Boston Charles J. Solomon (1906–1975), American bridge player Clinton Solomon (born 1983), American football player Daisy Solomon (1882–1978), South African / British suffragette David Solomon (disambiguation) , multiple people Dean Solomon (born 1980), Australian footballer Duane Solomon (born 1984), American middle distance runner Edward I. Solomon (born 1946), Stanford University chemistry professor Emanuel Solomon (1800–1875), pioneer of South Australia Frances-Anne Solomon (born 1966), English-Caribbean-Canadian filmmaker, writer, producer, and distributor Freddie Solomon (1953–2012), American football player Georgiana Solomon (1844 –1933) Scottish / South African educator and suffragette George Solomon (born c.1940), American sportswriter Gerald Solomon (1930–2001), American politician Grant Solomon (born 1995), American tennis player Gustave Solomon (1930–1996), American mathematician and engineer Harold Solomon (born 1952), American tennis player Haym Solomon (1740–1785), financier of
2640-489: The Russian Church. Jonah's policy as metropolitan was to recover the areas lost to the Uniate church. He was able to include Lithuania and Kiev to his title, but not Galicia . Lithuania was separated from his jurisdiction in 1458, and the influence of Catholicism increased in those regions. As soon as Vasily II heard about the ordination of Gregory as metropolitan of the newly established metropolis of Kiev , he sent
2720-566: The Russian Orthodox Church came in 1988, the millennial anniversary of the Christianization of Kievan Rus' . Throughout the summer of that year, major government-supported celebrations took place in Moscow and other cities; many older churches and some monasteries were reopened. An implicit ban on religious propaganda on state TV was finally lifted. For the first time in the history of the Soviet Union , people could watch live transmissions of church services on television. Gleb Yakunin ,
2800-468: The Russian land" and completed the Grand Menaion , which was influential in shaping the narrative tradition of Russian Orthodoxy. In 1589, during the reign of Feodor I and under the direction of Boris Godunov , the metropolitan of Moscow, Job , was consecrated as the first Russian patriarch with the blessing of Jeremias II of Constantinople . In the decree establishing the patriarchate ,
2880-533: The Soviet authorities as a "counter-revolutionary" force and thus subject to suppression and eventual liquidation. In the first five years after the Bolshevik revolution, 28 bishops and 1,200 priests were executed. The Soviet Union, formally created in December 1922, was the first state to have elimination of religion as an ideological objective espoused by the country's ruling political party. Toward that end,
2960-620: The Soviet government by bishops of the Moscow Patriarchate, himself included, and he publicly repented for these compromises. Solomon Luna Solomon Luna (1858–1912) was an American rancher and banker. He became one of the largest sheep owners in New Mexico . By the time of his death, "he was one of the wealthiest and most respected men in New Mexico." Luna was born on October 18, 1858, in Los Lunas, New Mexico . His father
3040-433: The Soviet policy vis-a-vis organised religion vacillated over time between, on the one hand, a utopian determination to substitute secular rationalism for what they considered to be an outmoded "superstitious" worldview and, on the other, pragmatic acceptance of the tenaciousness of religious faith and institutions. In any case, religious beliefs and practices did persist, not only in the domestic and private spheres but also in
3120-542: The Soviets, Evlogy was removed from office by Sergius and replaced. Most of Evlogy's parishes in Western Europe remained loyal to him; Evlogy then petitioned Ecumenical Patriarch Photius II to be received under his canonical care and was received in 1931, making a number of parishes of Russian Orthodox Christians outside Russia, especially in Western Europe an Exarchate of the Ecumenical Patriarchate as
3200-865: The Sun' Peter Solomon, and Katherine Solomon, characters in Dan Brown's The Lost Symbol Solomon Grundy , villain character from DC Comics comic books and TV series Solomon Lane, villain character in the Mission: Impossible film series Jess, Roy, Denise and Ben Solomon in the 2007 film The Messengers See also [ edit ] Solomon (disambiguation) Solomons (disambiguation) Salomon , surname Salamon , surname Salmon , surname Salman , name and surname Sol (given name) Zalman (name) References [ edit ] ^ "The amazing name Solomon: Meaning and etymology" . [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share
3280-622: The Supreme Court of Mississippi Solomon Elimimian (born 1986), American football player Solomon Ferris (c. 1748–1803), British naval officer Solomon kaDinuzulu (1891–1933), king of the Zulu nation from 1913 until 1933 Solomon Kindley (born 1997), American football player Sol Lesser (1890–1980), American film producer Solomon Luna (1858–1912), American rancher and banker Solomon Machover (1906–1976), American psychologist Solomon P. McCurdy (1820–1890), justice of
Solomon (name) - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-750: The Supreme Court of the Utah Territory Solomon Northup (1808 – c. 1863), American abolitionist and author Solomon Rose (born c. 1987), English electronic musician Solomon Christoffel Obeyesekere (1848–1927), Sri Lankan Sinhala lawyer and legislator Park Solomon (born 1999), stage name Lomon, Uzbek-born South Korean actor Solomon Shereshevsky (1886–1958), Russian journalist Sol Stern (born 1935), American author Solomon Sufrin (1881–1931), American politician Solomon Thomas (born 1995), American football player Solomon Trujillo (born 1951), American businessman Sol Wachtler (born 1930), former Chief Judge of
3440-698: The U.S. in the Revolutionary War Ikey Solomon (1785–1850), English criminal Jacques Solomon (1908–1942), French physicist and Marxist Jared Solomon (disambiguation) , multiple people Javon Solomon (born 2001), American football player Jesse Solomon , American football player Jewel Solomon , American tech entrepreneur and venture capitalist Jimmie Lee Solomon (1956–2020), American lawyer and Major League Baseball executive Joe Solomon (1930–2023), Guyanese cricketer John R. Solomon (1910–1985), Canadian politician Josh Solomon , guitar player and lead singer of
3520-754: The XXXIV Apostolic canon , which led to a split with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia abroad and the Russian True Orthodox Church (Russian Catacomb Church) within the Soviet Union, as they allegedly remained faithful to the Canons of the Apostles, declaring the part of the church led by Metropolitan Sergius schism , sometimes coined Sergianism . Due to this canonical disagreement it
3600-523: The absence of clergy, and defining their own sacred places and forms of piety. Also apparent was the proliferation of what the Orthodox establishment branded as "sectarianism", including both non-Eastern Orthodox Christian denominations, notably Baptists , and various forms of popular Orthodoxy and mysticism. In 1914, there were 55,173 Russian Orthodox churches and 29,593 chapels , 112,629 priests and deacons , 550 monasteries and 475 convents with
3680-482: The authority of the monarch. He was also inspired by church–state relations in the West and therefore brought the institutional structure of the church in line with other ministries. Theophan Prokopovich wrote Peter's Spiritual Regulation , which no longer legally recognized the separation of the church and the state. Peter replaced the patriarch with a council known as the Most Holy Synod in 1721, which consisted of appointed bishops, monks, and priests. The church
3760-1322: The band Josh and the Empty Pockets Kimberley Solomon, birth name of Kimberly Quinn (born 1961), American journalist, commentator, and magazine publisher Laura Solomon (1974–2019), New Zealand novelist, playwright and poet Lawrence Solomon , Canadian writer Linda Solomon , American music critic and editor Malia Solomon (1915–2005), American artist Manor Solomon (born 1999), Israeli international association footballer Martin K. Solomon , American computer scientist Martin M. Solomon (born 1950), American politician, New York state senator and Supreme Court judge Maynard Solomon , American psychologist, music producer, and writer Morris Solomon Jr. , American serial killer Mose Solomon (1900–1966), American rabbi and baseball player Norman Solomon , American author and media critic Peggy Solomon (1909–1995), American bridge player Peter Solomon (disambiguation) , multiple people Reanna Solomon (1981–2022), Nauruan Olympic weightlifter Richard Solomon (disambiguation) , multiple people Rivers Solomon , American science fiction author Robert Solomon (disambiguation) , multiple people Rosalind Fox Solomon (born 1930), American photographer Russ Solomon , American founder of Tower Records Sam Solomon , pseudonym of
3840-422: The beginning of autocephaly of the Russian Church. Although not all Russian clergy supported Jonah, the move was subsequently justified in the Russian point of view following the fall of Constantinople in 1453, which was interpreted as divine punishment. While it is possible that the failure to obtain the blessing from Constantinople was not intentional, nevertheless, this marked the beginning of independence of
3920-400: The chroniclers of the grand prince, "the princes, the boyars and many others — and especially the Russian bishops — remained silent, slumbered and fell asleep" until "the divinely wise, Christ-loving sovereign, Grand Prince Vasily Vasilyevich shamed Isidor and called him not his pastor and teacher, but a wicked and baneful wolf". Despite the chronicles calling him a heretical apostate , Isidore
4000-466: The different faiths. After receiving glowing reports about Constantinople, he captured Chersonesus in Crimea and demanded that the sister of Basil II be sent there. The marriage took place on the condition that Vladimir would be also baptized there. Vladimir had lent considerable military support to the Byzantine emperor and may have besieged the city due to it having sided with the rebellious Bardas Phokas . After Kiev lost its significance following
4080-460: The dissident movement intending to better fulfil his calling as a priest, there was a spiritual link between Men and many of the dissidents. For some of them he was a friend; for others, a godfather; for many (including Yakunin ), a spiritual father. According to Metropolitan Vladimir , by 1988 the number of functioning churches in the Soviet Union had fallen to 6,893 and the number of functioning convents and monasteries to just 21. In 1987 in
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#17327918532494160-406: The fall of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, enjoy various degrees of self-government, albeit short of the status of formal ecclesiastical autonomy. The ROC should also not be confused with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (or ROCOR, also known as the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad), headquartered in the United States . The ROCOR was instituted in the 1920s by Russian communities outside
4240-416: The foundation for the Dormition Cathedral was laid and Peter was buried there. By choosing to reside and be buried in Moscow, Peter had designated Moscow as the future center of the Russian Orthodox Church. Peter was succeeded by Theognostus , who, like his predecessor, pursued policies that supported the rise of the Moscow principality. During the first four years of his tenure, the Dormition Cathedral
4320-469: The general population, large numbers remained religious. Some Orthodox believers and even priests took part in the dissident movement and became prisoners of conscience . The Orthodox priests Gleb Yakunin , Sergiy Zheludkov and others spent years in Soviet prisons and exile for their efforts in defending freedom of worship. Among the prominent figures of that time were Dmitri Dudko and Aleksandr Men . Although he tried to keep away from practical work of
4400-412: The jurisdiction of Constantinople to that of Moscow. The handover brought millions of faithful and half a dozen dioceses under the ultimate administrative care of the patriarch of Moscow, and later of the Holy Synod of Russia, leading to a significant Ukrainian presence in the Russian Church, which continued well into the 18th century. The exact terms and conditions of the handover of the metropolis remains
4480-409: The lack of historical evidence supporting this narrative, modern church historians in Russia have often incorporated this tale into their studies. In the 10th century, Christianity began to take root in Kievan Rus' . Towards the end of the reign of Igor , Christians are mentioned among the Varangians . In the text about the treaty with the Byzantine Empire in 944–945, the chronicler also records
4560-473: The last Byzantine emperor, and the defeat of the Tatars, helped to solidify this view. By the turn of the 16th century, the consolidation of Orthodoxy in Russia continued as Archbishop Gennady of Novgorod created the first complete manuscript translation of the Bible into Church Slavonic in 1499, known as Gennady's Bible . At the same time, two movements within the Russian Church had emerged with differing ecclesial visions. Nilus of Sora (1433–1508) led
4640-463: The line that we need at the Council". A new and widespread persecution of the church was subsequently instituted under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev. A second round of repression, harassment and church closures took place between 1959 and 1964 when Nikita Khrushchev was in office. The number of Orthodox churches fell from around 22,000 in 1959 to around 8,000 in 1965; priests, monks and faithful were killed or imprisoned and
4720-401: The number of functioning monasteries was reduced to less than twenty. Subsequent to Khrushchev's ousting, the Church and the government remained on unfriendly terms until 1988. In practice, the most important aspect of this conflict was that openly religious people could not join the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , which meant that they could not hold any political office. However, among
4800-537: The oath-taking ceremony that took place in Constantinople for Igor's envoys as well as the equivalent ceremony that took place in Kiev. Igor's wife Olga was baptized sometime in the mid-10th century; however, scholars have disputed the exact year and place of her conversion, with dates ranging from 946 to 960. Most scholars tend to agree that she was baptized in Constantinople, though some argue that her conversion took place in Kiev. Olga's son Sviatoslav opposed conversion, despite persuasion from his mother, and there
4880-429: The opinion of a major part of the church's parishes, in 1927 issued a declaration accepting the Soviet authority over the church as legitimate, pledging the church's cooperation with the government and condemning political dissent within the church. By this declaration, Sergius granted himself authority that he, being a deputy of imprisoned Metropolitan Peter and acting against his will, had no right to assume according to
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#17327918532494960-425: The patriarch of "defiling the faith" and "pouring wrathful fury upon the Russian land". The result was a schism , with those who resisted the new practices being known as the Old Believers . In the aftermath of the Treaty of Pereyaslav , the Ottomans , supposedly acting on behalf of the Russian regent Sophia Alekseyevna , pressured the patriarch of Constantinople into transferring the metropolis of Kiev from
5040-481: The peasantry, there was widespread interest in spiritual-ethical literature and non-conformist moral-spiritual movements, an upsurge in pilgrimage and other devotions to sacred spaces and objects (especially icons), persistent beliefs in the presence and power of the supernatural (apparitions, possession, walking-dead, demons, spirits, miracles and magic), the renewed vitality of local "ecclesial communities" actively shaping their own ritual and spiritual lives, sometimes in
5120-427: The priestly families of their diocese. In 1909, a volume of essays appeared under the title Vekhi ("Milestones" or "Landmarks"), authored by a group of leading left-wing intellectuals, including Sergei Bulgakov , Peter Struve and former Marxists . It is possible to see a similarly renewed vigor and variety in religious life and spirituality among the lower classes, especially after the upheavals of 1905. Among
5200-812: The professional name of the British pianist Solomon Cutner Solomon (rapper) (born 1991), American electronic hip-pop recording artist Given name [ edit ] Solomon Alabi , Nigerian basketball player Solomon Dias Bandaranaika (1862–1946), Sri Lankan Maha Mudaliyar Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaika (1899–1959), Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 1956 to 1959 Solomon Scott Beck (1883–1944), American politician from Maryland Solomon Berihu (born 1999), Ethiopian distance runner Solomon Brannan (born 1942), American football player Solomon Busendich (born 1984), Kenyan long-distance runner Solomon Burke (1940–2010), American recording artist Solomon Byrd (born 1999), American football player Solomon S. Calhoon (1838–1908), justice of
5280-482: The renovated Orthodox doctrine, including that of sobornost . The resurgence of Eastern Orthodoxy was reflected in Russian literature, an example is the figure of Starets Zosima in Fyodor Dostoyevsky 's Brothers Karamazov . In the Russian Orthodox Church, the clergy , over time, formed a hereditary caste of priests . Marrying outside of these priestly families was strictly forbidden; indeed, some bishops did not even tolerate their clergy marrying outside of
5360-542: The same given name or the same family name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solomon_(name)&oldid=1255468589 " Categories : Given names Surnames English masculine given names Masculine given names Given names of Hebrew language origin Modern names of Hebrew origin Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
5440-418: The scattered public spaces allowed by a state that recognized its failure to eradicate religion and the political dangers of an unrelenting culture war. The Russian Orthodox church was drastically weakened in May 1922, when the Renovated (Living) Church , a reformist movement backed by the Soviet secret police, broke away from Patriarch Tikhon (also see the Josephites and the Russian True Orthodox Church ),
5520-474: The state for support. The late 18th century saw the rise of starchestvo under Paisiy Velichkovsky and his disciples at the Optina Monastery . This marked a beginning of a significant spiritual revival in the Russian Church after a lengthy period of modernization, personified by such figures as Demetrius of Rostov and Platon of Moscow . Aleksey Khomyakov , Ivan Kireevsky and other lay theologians with Slavophile leanings elaborated some key concepts of
5600-411: The territories controlled by Bolsheviks was effectively reduced to services and sermons inside church buildings. The Decree and attempts by Bolshevik officials to requisition church property caused sharp resentment on the part of the ROC clergy and provoked violent clashes on some occasions: on 1 February (19 January O.S.), hours after the bloody confrontation in Petrograd's Alexander Nevsky Lavra between
5680-445: The war effort. In the early hours of 5 September 1943, Metropolitans Sergius (Stragorodsky), Alexius (Simansky) and Nicholas (Yarushevich) had a meeting with Stalin and received permission to convene a council on 8 September 1943, which elected Sergius Patriarch of Moscow and all the Rus'. This is considered by some as violation of the Apostolic canon , as no church hierarch could be consecrated by secular authorities. A new patriarch
5760-564: The whole Russian tsardom is called a "third Rome". By the mid-17th century, the religious practices of the Russian Orthodox Church were distinct from those of the Greek Orthodox Church . Patriarch Nikon reformed the church in order to bring most of its practices back into accommodation with the contemporary forms of Greek Orthodox worship. Nikon's efforts to correct the translations of texts and institute liturgical reforms were not accepted by all. Archpriest Avvakum accused
5840-492: Was Antonio Luna and his mother, Isabella. Luna graduated from Saint Louis University in St. Louis, Missouri . Luna was a rancher in New Mexico. In the 1880s, he sued William B. Slaughter and his brother John Bunyan Slaughter over rangeland they had claimed; Luna won the lawsuit. Meanwhile, he "became the largest sheep owner in New Mexico." Luna was the treasurer and tax collector of Valencia County from 1894 onwards. Luna
5920-608: Was a delegate at the 1910 state constitutional convention. In 1911, when the New Mexico Territory became the state of New Mexico , Luna was elected in this same capacity. Additionally, Luna served as the president of Bank of Commerce in Albuquerque, New Mexico , from 1904 onwards. Luna was married to Adelina Oero and had no children. His nephew, Maximiliano Luna, served in the Spanish–American War and
6000-572: Was also overseen by an ober-procurator that would directly report to the emperor. Peter's reforms marked the beginning of the Synodal period of the Russian Church, which would last until 1917. In order to make monasticism more socially useful, Peter began the processes that would eventually lead to the large-scale secularization of monastic landholdings in 1764 under Catherine II . 822 monasteries were closed between 1701 and 1805, and monastic communities became highly regulated, receiving funds from
6080-406: Was completed and an additional four stone churches were constructed in Moscow. By the end of 1331, Theognostus was able to restore ecclesiastical control over Lithuania. Theognostus also proceeded with the canonization of Peter in 1339, which helped to increase Moscow's prestige. His successor Alexius lost ecclesiastical over Lithuania in 1355, but kept the traditional title. On 5 July 1439, at
6160-569: Was elected, theological schools were opened, and thousands of churches began to function. The Moscow Theological Academy Seminary , which had been closed since 1918, was re-opened. In December 2017, the Security Service of Ukraine lifted classified top secret status of documents revealing that the NKVD of the USSR and its units were engaged in the selection of candidates for participation in
6240-411: Was only metropolitanate in the Orthodox oikoumene that remained politically independent. The formulation of the idea of Moscow as the " third Rome " is primarily associated with the monk Philotheus of Pskov , who stated that "Moscow alone shines over all the earth more radiantly than the sun" because of its fidelity to the faith. The marriage of Ivan III to Sophia Palaiologina , the niece of
6320-490: Was recognized as the lawful metropolitan by Vasily II until he left Moscow on 15 September 1441. For the following seven years, the seat of the metropolitan remained vacant. Vasily II defeated the rebellious Dmitry Shemyaka and returned to Moscow in February 1447. On 15 December 1448, a council of Russian bishops elected Jonah as metropolitan, without the consent of the patriarch of Constantinople, which marked
6400-587: Was selected as the first Russian Patriarch after about 200 years of Synodal rule. In early February 1918, the Bolshevik-controlled government of Soviet Russia enacted the Decree on separation of church from state and school from church that proclaimed separation of church and state in Russia, freedom to "profess any religion or profess none", deprived religious organisations of the right to own any property and legal status. Legal religious activity in
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