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28-648: Wai ( ISO : Vāī ; Pronunciation: [ʋaːi] listen ) is a town in Satara district of Maharashtra state in India . Located on the Krishna River , Wai was a prominent town during the Peshwa era. Two important Marathi Brahmin from ruling families had their origins here: Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi ( Tambe family) and Gopikabai , wife of Nanasaheb Peshwa (Raste family). Locally prominent families such as

56-492: A critique arguing that modern Indians became conflicted between meeting material needs and attaining spiritual enlightenment, thus fostering a collective weakness, disharmony and allowing caste differences to prevail. In 1954, he presided over Marathi Sahitya Sammelan , which was held in New Delhi . In 1955, he received a Sahitya Akademi Award for his work Waidik Sanskruticha Wikas (वैदिक संस्कृतीचा विकास). He served as

84-514: A distinguished career at IBM in research and management. Joshi spent all his life in Wai. He was closely associated with Pradnya pathshala all his life. Although a Brahmin , he spent his life going against tradition. In 1932, at the age of 29, he was jailed by the British for his role in the freedom movement. However while in prison, he quickly gained a reputation as a Hindu dharma scholar. Under

112-621: A hostel for students of the Dalit castes, a factory for making hand-made paper and a printing press. His first book, Shuddhisarvasvam , is a treatise in Sanskrit on the philosophical basis of religious conversion, published in 1934. In that same year, he edited the Dharmakosha , which encompassed twenty-six volumes and 18,000 pages, encoding the basic texts and commentaries on the varied aspects of dharma and dharma-shastra s from 1500 BC to

140-660: A priest. He finally settled in Wai , a historic temple town on the banks of the Krishna River . In Wai, he studied Sanskrit , Hindu dharma and Indian philosophy at the Pradnya pathshala, a renowned Vedic school. Later in 1923 he earned the degree "Tarkateertha", or literally, "Master of logic" at the Government Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya of Calcutta . In 1927, he married Satyawati Mulherkar. They had two sons and two daughters. Their elder son, Madhukar had

168-1014: Is also celebrated in the nearby town of Karad . A 105-year-old Govardhan Sanstha (Goshala) celebrates Shri Krishna Janma Ashtami (Gokul Ashtami). The two-day Jatra festival attracts people from all over Maharashtra. The annual fairs, Yatras/Jatras, began with the Yatra of Mahalaxmi of Bhuinj, Jamb, Kikli and Belmachi on Dassraa. Yatras in the Wai taluka include Mandhardevi, Bagad of Bavdhan, Kavathe, Kalambhe and Surur. A number of movies have been filmed in Wai, including Jis Desh Mein Ganga Rehta Hain , Gangaajal , Omkara (2006 film) , Dabangg 1, Dabangg 2 , Swades , Ishqiya , Singham , Deool , Bol Bachchan , Zila Ghaziabad , Gulaab Gang, R Rajkumar , and Chennai Express , Bajirao Mastani . Others are Ardhasatya, 22 June 1897 , Omkara (2006 film) , Mrutyudand , Swades , Gangaajal , Dabangg and Gulaab Gang Sargam, Chennai Express were shot in Wai and

196-533: Is an Indian sub-district, smaller than a district and larger than a village. Headquarters of Wai taluka is the city of Wai, populated by about 25,000 people. Wai is 35 km (22 mi) from Satara, 95 km (59 mi) from Pune, and 250 km (160 mi) from Mumbai . Situated on the Mahad-Pandharpur State Highway, Wai is a major city on the way to the hill stations of Mahabaleshwar and Panchgani. Wai taluka has seven ghats on

224-572: Is based in Wai. Wai is well known for Tarkateertha Lakshman Shastri Joshi , founder of Marāthi Vishwakosh . Krishnamai Utsav is the main festival in Wai. When warlord Afzal Khan set out from Wai to attempt to defeat Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Shendye Shāstri of Wai prayed to the Krishna River for Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's victory, sparking the Krishnamai festival. It is celebrated on each ghat for four to eight days. The festival

252-458: Is built by Ramdas Swami. Dholya Ganpati temple is one of Maharashtra's prime temples. The large idol of Lord Ganesh is on Krishna River's ghats. ISO 15919 ISO 15919 is an international standard on the romanization of many Brahmic scripts , which was agreed upon in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries. However, the Hunterian transliteration system

280-659: Is described in the table below. The table below shows the differences between ISO 15919, UNRSGN and IAST for Devanagari transliteration. Only certain fonts support all Latin Unicode characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to this standard. For example, Tahoma supports almost all the characters needed. Arial and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later also support most Latin Extended Additional characters like ḍ, ḥ, ḷ, ḻ, ṁ, ṅ, ṇ, ṛ, ṣ and ṭ. There

308-526: Is no standard keyboard layout for ISO 15919 input but many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method . Lakshman Shastri Joshi Lakshman Shastri Joshi (27 January 1901 – 27 May 1994) was an Indian scholar, of Sanskrit , Hindu Dharma , and a Marathi literary critic , and supporter of Indian independence . Mahatma Gandhi chose him to be his principal advisor in his campaign against untouchability . Joshi

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336-582: Is the "national system of romanization in India " and a United Nations expert group noted about ISO 15919 that "there is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products." Another standard, United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names (UNRSGN), was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and covers many Brahmic scripts. The ALA-LC romanization

364-537: Is the village of Borgoan, between Dhom dam and Balkawdi dam, with four waterfalls. Borgoan's residents drink water from the falls year round. Boundaries of Wai taluka: East of Wai are talukas of Khandala and Koregaon . To the west lies the taluka of Mahabaleshwar. The northern border abuts the Pune district . The north-west border is shared with the Raigad district . South of Wai are talukas of Jawali and Satara. A taluka

392-461: The 18th century. In 1938, he wrote Anand-Mimamsa , a critical commentary on the theory or Ras and aesthetics in Marathi literature. Later in 1973, he wrote Adhunik Marathi Sahityachi Samiksha , a study of the tenets of modern Marathi literary criticism. He also wrote Hindu Dharmachi Samiksha, in 1940, critically examining the concepts and foundation of Hinduism, and Jadawad , in 1941, a survey of

420-522: The Krishna's banks: Gangapuri, Madhi Aali, Ganpati Aali, Dharmapuri, Brahmanshahi, Ramdoh Aali and Bhimkund Aali. According to a 2001 census in India , Wai had a population of 31,090. Males 51% of the population, females are 49%. Literacy in Wai is 77% (higher than India's national average of 59.5%). Male literacy is 81%; female literacy is 73%. As of 2001, 11% of Wai's population was under age 6. The prominent Pradnya Path Shala educational institution

448-670: The National Sanskrit Pandit Award, and in 1976, the government of India conferred on him the Padma Bhushan title, India's third highest honour, for excellence in Literature and Education. He was awarded an honorary doctorate in literature from Bombay University in 1975. In 1989, Joshi received a Sahitya Akademi Fellowship , the highest award for lifetime achievement given by the Akademi , which

476-453: The Raste, Ranade, and Phadnavis built several architecturally significant temples in Wai. The 400-year-old Mandhradevi Kalubai temple is about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Wai on a hill 718 metres (2,356 ft) above sea level. In recent decades, Wai has become a popular location for filming Bollywood and Marathi movies , with over 300 films having been shot in and near Wai. Wai has

504-710: The epithetic name "Dakshin Kashi" (Kashi or Varanasi of the South) because of the city's more than 100 temples. Wai is known in Maharashtra for its ghats on the banks of the Krishna River and its temples , especially the Dholya ganapati temple on Ganapati Ghat. The 17th-century warlord Afzal Khan , representing Ali Adil Shah II of the Bijapur Sultanate , is said to have made his first halt here on his way to

532-445: The first president of Maharashtra State Board of Literature and Culture when it was established in 1960, and starting from that year, served for a large number of years as the president of the project of compiling Vishwakosh , a 20-volume Marathi encyclopedia under the sponsorship of the above Board. He also spearheaded compilation of Dharmakosha, a Marathi transliteration of the ancient Vedic/Hindu Sanskritic hymns. In Wai, he also opened

560-469: The fort Pratapgad of the Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj . A cache of 105 guns, swords and other weapons were found in Wai around 2005. Wai is located at 17°56′N 73°53′E  /  17.94°N 73.88°E  / 17.94; 73.88 , approximately 35 km (22 mi) north of the city of Satara . It has an average elevation of 718 metres (2,356 ft). It is surrounded by

588-565: The history and development of materialism in Indian and Western philosophical traditions. He wrote Vaidik Sanskriticha Vikas in 1958 to much acclaim. Amongst other works are Upanishadanche Marathi Bhashantar , a translation of the 18 principal Upanishads into Marathi. Other works include: For his outstanding contribution, he received the Sahitya Akademi award from India's National Academy of Letters in 1955. In 1973, he received

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616-517: The knowledge had the wisdom to lead, and recognized those that followed had inadequate knowledge. He was the member of Roy's Radical Democratic party until its dissolution 1948. He wrote a Marathi treatise called Vaidik Sankriti-cha Vikas (Development of Vedic Civilization) in 1951. This treatise was based on six lectures he delivered at the University of Pune , where he traced the evolution of "Vedic" culture and its influence on modern India. He wrote

644-542: The mountainous region of the Sahyādris . Dhom Dam , west of Wai, was completed in 1982. Waters held by Dhom and Balakwadi dams, west of Wai taluka, surround the region's remaining small villages. Most residents of small villages moved elsewhere when dams were built. Dhom, Daswadi, Chikhali, Tasgaon, Aasgaon, Wyahli, Dhawli, Dahyat , Jor, Golewadi, Golegaon and Ulumb are major villages which were moved partly and they still exist partly. Nearly 16 km (9.9 mi) from Wai

672-847: The nearby villages of Dhom, Bavdhan, Chikhli, Menvali, Bhuinj, Pachwad and the surroundings of Dhom, Balakwadi, Jambhali and Nagewadi dams. Temples built in the Wai area tend to be built in Hemādpanti -style architecture. Use of huge stone slabs is the major characteristic of Hemādpanti architecture. Four temples are near Brahmanshahi ghat: Chakreshwar, Chimneshwar, Kaunteshwar/Harihareshwar and Kaleshwar. Govardhan Sanstha ghat has Krishna Mandir. Near Brhmanshahi there are Vitthal and Ganpati temples. Ramdoh ghat has Rameshwar temple, Ramkund and Chilavali Devi temple. Gangapuri ghat has Lord Shiva, Dwarka, Bahiroba, Dattatray Temple. Ganpati Aali ghat has Ganpati and Kashi Vishveshvar temples. In Dharma Puri are Lord Vishnu temple and Mahalaxmi temple. Rokdoba temple (maruti)

700-453: The tutelage of Vinobha Bhave , he learned English when Bhave came to Wai to study under Kewalananda Saraswati. It was during one of those internments that Mahatma Gandhi , troubled by respectable Brahmin priests shying away from officiating at the intercaste marriage of his son Devdas, a Vania, or merchant class boy, to Lakshmi, the daughter of C. Rajagopalachari, a Brahmin, and later the second Governor General of independent India approached

728-460: The young Joshi for his opinion on whether such a marriage was against Hindu dharma. With his thorough knowledge of the Shastras , Joshi not only judged the marriage acceptable but also performed the wedding ceremony. In the 1930s, Joshi came under the influence of radical humanist M. N. Roy and quickly assimilated and embraced western philosophical systems. He questioned whether those that had

756-834: Was approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association and is a US standard. The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is not a standard (as no specification exists for it) but a convention developed in Europe for the transliteration of Sanskrit rather than the transcription of Brahmic scripts. As a notable difference, both international standards, ISO 15919 and UNRSGN transliterate anusvara as ṁ , while ALA-LC and IAST use ṃ for it. However, ISO 15919 provides guidance towards disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which

784-445: Was the first recipient of Sahitya Akademi Award in year 1955. He was also awarded with two of the India's highest civilian honours Padma Bhushan in 1973 and Padma Vibhushan in 1992 Lakshman Shastri was born in a Marathi Deshastha Brahmin family in 1901 to Balaji and Chandrabhaga Joshi, in the village of Pimpalner, tahsil sakri, Dhule district in the present-day state of Maharashtra. He left home at age 14 after studying to be

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