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25-399: Gramme was poorly educated and semi-literate throughout his life. His talent was in handicraft and when he left school he became a joiner. After moving to Paris he took a job as a model maker at a company that manufactured electrical equipment and there became interested in technology. Having built an improved dynamo, Gramme, in association with Hippolyte Fontaine , opened a factory to develop

50-434: A French Jew, is buried in the south of the cemetery and is known for being unjustly accused and tried for treason , an event that divided France at the turn of the century. Charles Baudelaire , French poet and author of Les Fleurs du Mal ( The Flowers of Evil ), is buried in division 6, but there is also a cenotaph to him (between divisions 26 and 27). Serge Gainsbourg 's grave is also at Montparnasse. Visitors leave

75-465: A child with her parents, but was sent back to France before the beginning of World War II. Novelist, playwright, screenwriter, essayist, and experimental filmmaker, she received a nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the Academy Awards for her script in the film Hiroshima Mon Amour (Hiroshima My Love). Simone de Beauvoir is buried with Jean-Paul Sartre . Pierre-Joseph Proudhon ,

100-479: A few months, he donated the construction of an avenue to cool the underground water pipe built in 1898. It was named Gramme-Allee in 1902. In the city of Liège there is a graduate school of engineering, l' Institut Gramme , named after him. In 2005 he ended up at the 23rd place in the election of Le plus grand Belge (The Greatest Belgian), the television show broadcast by the French -speaking RTBF and based on

125-686: A number of religious tombs. North of the roundabout is a tomb for priests without family. Rosalie Rendu , member of the Daughters of Charity , has an individual tomb in the 14th division that is always well-decorated. Rendu was beatified in 2003 by the Catholic church . The 5th and 30th divisions were at one time Jewish enclosures and contain many Jewish graves. Adolphe Crémieux , French lawyer and politician, gained citizenship for Jews in French-ruled Algeria in 1870. Alfred Dreyfus ,

150-404: A tomb from the artist engineer Milène Guermont . This work is a single block of ultra high performance concrete and optical fibers composed of 12 sides to materialize the electron de-multiplier cell invented by the client. This sculpture interacts with the environment: when an individual or a bird passes by, one of its points of light can go out or light up. This work has several peaks that refer to

175-462: A variety of gifts on his gravesite, ranging from flowers and metro tickets to cabbages. Gainsbourg is considered one of the most popular figures in French popular music and was a French singer, songwriter, pianist, film composer, poet, painter, screenwriter, writer, actor and director. Marguerite Duras ' grave is recognizable due to a pot and saucer full of planted pens. Duras moved to Indochina as

200-598: Is no 23rd division). With 47 acres, Montparnasse is a large green space inside the city limits of Paris. Within the cemetery one can find a variety of trees including linden, Japanese pagoda, thuja, maple, ash, and conifers. Because of the many notable people buried there, it is a popular tourist attraction. In 2016, the permanent work CAUSSE was installed in the preserved section of the Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris. A prominent French scientist commissioned

225-532: Is the resting place for a variety of individuals including political figures, philosophers, artists, actors, and writers. Additionally, the cemetery contains a number of tombs commemorating those who died in the Franco-Prussian war during the siege of Paris (1870–1871) and the Paris Commune (1871). The cemetery was created at the beginning of the 19th century in the southern part of the city. At

250-770: The BBC show 100 Greatest Britons . A958 Zenobe Gramme , (1961–), a sailing ship of the Belgian Navy used for training, is named after him. Hippolyte Fontaine Hippolyte Fontaine (born François-Hypolite Fontaine , 12 April 1833 in Dijon – 17 February 1910 in Hyères ) was a French electrical engineer who worked with Zénobe Gramme on the development of the Gramme machine (the first industrially viable electrical generator ), and whose contributions were essential to

275-534: The Edgar Quinet Métro station . The cemetery is divided in two parts by the Rue Émile Richard. The small section is usually referred to as the small cemetery ( petit cimetière ) and the large section as the large cemetery ( grand cimetière ). The west of Émile-Richard Street is divided into 21 divisions and to the east of Émile-Richard Street the cemetery is divided into 8 divisions numbered from 22 to 30 (there

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300-471: The Deschanel family who all served in the third republic : Émile Deschanel , Paul Deschanel , and Paul-Louis Deschanel. Their bodies rest under the quote, "On n'emporte en mourant que ce que l'on a donné" (We can only take in death what we have given away) The cemetery does not have a monument dedicated to those who died during World War I. The boundaries of the cemetery are defined as rue Froidevaux in

325-670: The French government inducted him into the Légion d'honneur . He is buried in Cimetière du Montparnasse . Cimeti%C3%A8re du Montparnasse Montparnasse Cemetery (French: Cimetière du Montparnasse ) is a cemetery in the Montparnasse quarter of Paris , in the city's 14th arrondissement . The cemetery is roughly 47 acres and is the second largest cemetery in Paris. The cemetery has over 42 graves, and approximately 1,000 people are buried there each year. The cemetery

350-528: The burial of people who lived in the Left Bank of the city. Previously, these inhabitants were buried in the cemetery of Sainte-Catherine and in the village of Vaugirard . The cemetery at Montparnasse was originally known as Le Cimetière du Sud (Southern Cemetery) and it officially opened 25 July 1824. Since its opening, more than 300,000 people have been buried in Montparnasse. In the 17th century

375-402: The commissioner's native mountains. The first viewing of the artwork was on 1 November 2016. Montparnasse Cemetery is the resting place of many of France's intellectual and artistic elite and those who promoted the works of authors and artists. There are graves of foreigners who made France their home as well as monuments to police and firefighters killed in the line of duty. The cemetery has

400-481: The creation of the dynamo . He was the first to transmit electricity via electrical wires . During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, Fontaine managed the production of cannons in Paris. Colleagues he met in this position recommended him to Zenobe Gramme, and in 1871, Fontaine was hired to administer the newly established Société des Machines magnéto-électriques Gramme, a corporation dedicated to

425-602: The development of the Gramme machine. In this role, he accompanied Gramme to the Weltausstellung 1873 Wien , where he demonstrated the reversibility of the electrical generator and the transmission of electricity over a two-kilometre distance via copper wiring. In 1881, he helped organize the Exposition internationale d'Électricité in Paris, which hosted the first international congress of electricians; in response,

450-478: The device was reversible and would spin when connected to any DC power supply. The Gramme machine was the first usefully powerful electrical motor that was successful industrially. Before Gramme's inventions, electric motors attained only low power and were mainly used as toys or laboratory curiosities. In 1875, Nikola Tesla observed a Gramme machine at the Graz University of Technology . He conceived

475-632: The device. The business, called Société des Machines Magnéto-Électriques Gramme, manufactured the Gramme dynamo, Gramme ring, Gramme armature and other devices. In 1873 a Gramme dynamo was exhibited at the Vienna exhibition. He was made an officer of the National Order of the Legion of Honour in 1877. In 1888 he was awarded the last of the valuable Volta Prizes by the French government. In 1873 he and Hippolyte Fontaine accidentally discovered that

500-495: The first person to self-proclaim as an anarchist, is also buried here. Jacques Lisfranc 's tomb is in the 13th division. He started his career as a surgeon during the German Campaign of 1813 . Lisfranc spread his knowledge about the anatomy of the joints of the foot and used this knowledge to treat many patients. Multiple generations of a family can be buried in Montparnasse. In the 14th division are three generations of

525-543: The future location of the cemetery consisted of three farms that belonged to the Hôtel-Dieu hospital and an estate of the Brothers of Charity (frères de la Charité). During this time monks built a windmill that later became a Guinguette and the home of the cemetery's caretaker. The mill, which is still standing is the last remnant of the farms. The main entrance to the cemetery is north of Boulevard Edgar Quinet near

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550-479: The hill to participate in open-air dances. During the French Revolution the land and church were confiscated and the cemetery became property of the government. At this time, anyone who died at the hospital and whose body was not claimed was buried here. In the 19th century, cemeteries were banned in Paris due to health concerns. Several new cemeteries outside the precincts of the capital replaced all

575-598: The idea of using it for alternating current but was unable to develop the idea at this time. In 1857 he married Hortense Nysten who was a widow and mother of a daughter, Héloïse. Hortense died in 1890. On 17 August 1891 he married Antonie Schentur in Bois-Colombes . Gramme died at Bois-Colombes , France, on 20 January 1901 and was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery . In the town where his second wife grew up and that Gramme visited every year for

600-458: The internal Parisian ones: Montmartre Cemetery in the north, Père Lachaise Cemetery in the east, and Montparnasse Cemetery in the south. Montparnasse as well as Père Lachaise and Montmartre replaced the Cimetière des Innocents (those buried here were relocated to the Catacombs ). During this time the city of Paris obtained the estate and surrounding grounds in order to create a cemetery for

625-421: The same time there were cemeteries outside the city limits: Passy Cemetery to the west, Montmartre Cemetery to the north, and Père Lachaise Cemetery to the east. In the 16th century the intersecting roads of Vavin and Raspail were dump areas for rubble and stones from nearby quarries. This created an artificial hill and is where "mont" came into the name Montparnasse. Students at the time would congregate on

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