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25-497: The surrounding area was originally occupied by the Ma people – especially in the area that is now Cat Loc (in the 1960s eastern Nam Cat Tien was described as inhabité ['uninhabited']) – and Stieng people in western Dong Nai Province . After the formation of the park, many of these people were re-settled in Talai village, to the south-west of Nam Cat Tien. Cát Tiên National Park (CTNP)

50-478: A height of 25 metres (80 feet), and a thickness of 150 millimetres (6 inches). The length and strength of Bambusa balcooa make it a useful material for the construction industry. Furthermore, it is a drought-resistant species with low rainfall requirements and can reach yields upwards of 100 metric tons per hectare (40 metric tons per acre). B. balcooa has recently gained popularity in South Africa as

75-475: A recent series of surveys did not confirm this. The park has an impressive list of bird species including: The reptile list includes the following notable species: and two endemic species: Note: the "Cat Tien kukri snake" is now considered a colour morph of Oligodon cinereus . Lizards : Snakes - 43 species recorded including: Frogs : The most developed insect lists currently cover ants, butterflies, dragonflies, mosquitoes and termites; of

100-543: Is located just outside the park boundary on the northern bank of the Dong Nai river (between Cat Loc and Nam Cat Tien, facing towards the latter). Excavations carried out between 1994 and 2003 revealed a group of temples, belonging to a previously unknown Shaiva Hindu civilization which probably inhabited the area between the 4th century and 9th centuries AD (possibly later). A large number of gold, bronze, ceramic, coloured stone, and glass artefacts are currently displayed in

125-590: Is now protected by the Kiểm lâm (VN Forest Rangers) with responsibilities for managing poaching, fire control, and other issues. Parts of the park area suffered historically during the Vietnam War when it was extensively sprayed with defoliant herbicides . However, substantial further damage was done by logging up until the 1990s. To this day these areas have extensive bamboo and grassland cover and trees have not yet grown back. The Cát Tiên archaeological site

150-619: The Da Lat museum. Cát Tiên National Park (CTNP) consists of seasonal tropical forests , grasslands and riparian areas, with Park Authorities identifying five major habitat types as follows: 1. Primary evergreen forest areas perhaps comprise only about 2% of the Nam Cat Tien area; can be highly diverse but are dominated by trees in two families (for other Families and Species see below): 2. Primary and secondary mixed or deciduous forest (dry season): Where soils are well-drained

175-547: The Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre . More than 20 species of organisms have the name " catienensis " or similar, including two palms ( Licuala illustrated here), the bracket fungus Tomophagus cattienensis , two reptiles and four insects to date. Between the park headquarters and Ta Lai village there are substantial replanting areas, including a 200 ha area supported by European Community between 1996 and 1998. The park hosts many mammal species;

200-741: The 19th century due to the influence of the Funan . This, however, broke down due to varying factors such as the French colonization , inter-group warfare, and slave trading. The Mon-Khmer-speaking group called Cho Ro is identified by some ethnologists as a subgroup of the Ma people. The Mạ or Maa language comes under the Mon-Khmer Group: this and the Koho language are sometimes considered to be different dialects only. Jean Boulbet and Lê et al. describe

225-591: The Dao Tien Endangered Primate Species Centre. The centre focusses on the rescue, rehabilitation and release of the four endangered primates found in Cat Tien (golden-cheeked gibbon, black-shanked douc, pygmy loris and silvered langur), developing Government guidelines for release of primates. The centre conducts informative daily educational tours explaining the centre's work, with a chance to see young rehabilitated gibbons in

250-564: The Maa varieties of Dagui, Chop, and Tadung. The Mạ have a rich oral traditions, and their culture is a tapestry of folklore. Myths, parables, and legends are an integral part of this ethnic group. A detailed description the beliefs, customs, ethno-geography and botany of the Mạ people is given by fr:Jean Boulbet , having lived in what is now the Cát Tiên and Bảo Lâm districts in the 1950-60s: before

275-576: The confines of the park. This problem is particularly intense for the park's elephant population, which is prone to wandering and is considered too small to be self sustainable. Since the early 1990s, partly as a result of the discovery of rhinos in the park, international donors and the Vietnamese government began to invest more money in protecting the park and managing the resources of local State Forest Enterprises, nearby and adjoining forests (including Vinh Cuu Nature Reserve), in co-ordination with

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300-478: The endemic Cycas inermis ; a number of palms are common, including Caryota mitis , Licuala and Pinanga spp., together with a wide range of fruit species (important food for animals) such as figs ( e.g. Ficus racemosa ) and wild bananas ( Musa acuminata ). 3. Secondary forest with abundant bamboo species : this due to human activity, the forest having been degraded by logging , forest fires and in some areas war-time defoliants , which have caused

325-490: The extensive influx of lowland people to the region. The Mạ are also known for their traditional colorful attire. Mạ women wear skirts that reach well below their knees. The men customarily wear loincloth. Bambusa balcooa Bambusa balcooa is a clumping bamboo native from the Indian subcontinent to Indo-China . Bambusa balcooa is a very large, thick-walled, clumping or sympodial bamboo: growing up to

350-560: The following Mạ subgroups. There are over 16,000 Mạ people living in Lộc Thắng, Lộc Bắc, Lộc Tân, Lộc Lâm, Lộc Ngãi, and Lộc Châu communes in Bảo Lộc District ; Đạ Teh, Đạ M’rê, Đạ Huoai, Đồng Nai, and Ma Đa Gui communes in Đạ Huoai District ; Đạ Đờn and Phú Sơn communes in Đức Trọng District ; Đinh Trang Thượng commune in northern Di Linh District (Lê et al. 2014:310). These districts all belong to Lâm Đồng Province . Le (2003) covers

375-416: The following may be encountered: Primates include the endemic golden-cheeked gibbon Nomascus gabriellae Scandentia ("tree shrews", family Tupaiidae : more related to primates than shrews): Carnivores : Bats (confirmed records): Rodents and Lagomorphs - the park list includes: Other notable mammal species, including some that are vulnerable or endangered , include: Besides

400-445: The following trees are common: The abundance L. calyculata is discussed by Blanc et al. especially as an indicator of secondary forest . "It appears to be a very good competitive species able to regenerate on denuded areas: along roads and on land abandoned after cultivation. Human disturbances have mostly affected Dipterocarpaceae for resin and Fabaceae for their wood." The low canopy and under-story zones contains species such as

425-648: The forest canopy to be replaced with bamboos. Common trees include Lagerstroemia calyculata , Mesua sp. and Xylia xylocarpa , with bamboo species present. 4. Bamboo forest (some 40% of the park area) may also have been affected by human activity, including areas where forest was previously cleared for subsistence agriculture creating favourable conditions for bamboos; species include: Bambusa balcooa , B. procera , and Gigantochloa spp. 5. Seasonally flooded grasslands : CTNP has substantial (approximately 10%) area of grassland (including disused farmland) and wetlands As in most seasonal tropical forests

450-594: The gaur, recently confirmed even-toed ungulate records include: The park fauna included the Javan rhinoceros , and was one of only two populations in the world, until poachers shot and killed the last rhino in Cát Loc in 2010. There are also records of banteng and kouprey , but the latter may now be globally extinct, and wild Asian water buffalo no longer occur in Cat Tien. Some accounts also list Indochinese tigers , leopards , clouded leopards and dholes ; however,

475-536: The latter, Macrotermes spp. have an important ecological role, with large colony mounds very commonly encountered in the forest. In 2007, the velvet-worm Eoperipatus totoro was discovered in the Crocodile Lake area by scientists of the Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre . Cat Tien comprises an important reserve in Vietnam, both for the habitat it protects and the number of species it contains. Although

500-727: The park as a whole. There have been moves to combine a management plan that allows for both traditional park management and some limited resource utilisation by local people, which include the Stieng, Chau Ma (now concentrated in Ta Lai) and Cho'ro minorities . In 2008 the Forestry Protection Department collaborating with the Endangered Asian Species Trust (UK), Monkey World Ape Rescue (UK) and Pingtung Wildlife Rescue Centre (Taiwan) founded

525-921: The park has an abundance of epiphytes (such as ferns , orchids and 'ant plants' such as Myrmecodia ). Lianas are abundant and include: Ancistrocladus tectorius , box beans: Entada spp., 'monkey ladders': Lasiobema scandens and Rattans : especially Calamus spp. in wet areas. In flat lowland areas and especially along streams, areas of freshwater swamp forest notable tree species often include: Ficus benjamina , Livistona saribus , Crateva , Syzygium and Horsfieldia spp. Naturally occurring patches of Bambusa blumeana ( tre gai or tre la ngà ) are also abundant in riparian areas and flooding forest. Other plants include Schumannianthus dichotomus ("cool mat") which occurs in muddy areas along streams. Numerous endemic species, having their type locality at CTNP, have been described by Vietnamese and international scientists: including those at

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550-447: The population of the Javan rhinoceros went into extinction, it is still home to 40 IUCN Red List species, and protects around 30% of Vietnam's species. The park is, however, threatened by encroachment from local communities, illegal logging and poaching . In addition, the park is too small for the larger species found inside it. This has led to either their local extinction or conflict with local people as these animals move beyond

575-472: The species of choice for commercial plantations. Although not native to that country, it is the most prominent "giant" bamboo that is accepted as a naturalized species, since its introduction into South Africa during the 1600s. Government tenders were awarded for trials and studies to determine the feasibility of large-scale cultivation of bamboo in South Africa. However, after several years of research on

600-472: The trees. Ma people The Mạ or Maa ( Vietnamese : Người Mạ ) are a Mon–Khmer indigenous people of Vietnam (population 50,322 in 2019). They are concentrated mostly in the Lâm Đồng and Đồng Nai province of the country, particularly in the area of the upper Đồng Nai River . They are very close to the Koho people . The Ma achieved some form of political unity and a stratified society before

625-529: Was protected initially in 1978 as two sectors, Nam Cat Tien and Tay Cat Tien . Another sector, Cat Loc , was gazetted as a rhinoceros reserve in 1992 upon the discovery of a population of the Vietnamese Javan rhinoceros , an occasion that brought the park into the world's eye. The three areas were combined to form one park in 1998. Nam Cat Tien is contiguous with Vĩnh Cửu nature reserve thus providing an enlarged area for species to breed. The forest

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