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32-527: CADPAT was the first digital camouflage pattern to be used operationally, having been issued in 1997 with the Canadian Armed Forces. The pattern became fully standardized within the Canadian Armed Forces by 2002, having completely replaced the olive-drab operational uniforms formerly used by Regular Force units. The multi-terrain CADPAT variant began development in 2019, and is planned to replace

64-405: A 3-power optical sight. The arid regions pattern (AR) is designed for use in desert, near desert, and savannah conditions, incorporating three shades of brown. The AR pattern also features two additional arm pockets and Velcro on the arms compared to the older TW uniform. The AR pattern was developed concurrently with the trials of TW pattern. After Canadian Forces were deployed to Afghanistan,

96-504: A mismatch between the seasonal coat coloration of arctic animals such as snowshoe hares with the increasingly snow-free landscape. The principle of varying coloration with the changing seasons has military applications. In the First World War , firing and observation positions were hand-painted in disruptive patterns by artists known as camoufleurs , and they sometimes varied their patterns seasonally. Uniforms were largely of

128-590: A quarter to a third of the vehicle's summer camouflage uncovered, or by repainting the whole vehicle in white with dark gray or gray-brown spots. Units were advised not to paint all their vehicles identically, but to have some tanks all white, some in white with green stripes, and some in white and gray or gray-brown. Winter camouflage was not limited to paint: tracks left in the snow were to be obliterated, vehicles parked in cover, headlights covered with white fabric, shelters constructed, or else vehicles covered with white fabric, or dark fabric scattered with snow. Later in

160-651: A single colour, such as the British khaki ; but snow camouflage clothes came into use in some armies as the war progressed. For example, Austro-Hungarian troops on the Italian front used skis and wore snow camouflage smocks and overtrousers over their uniforms , and improvised white cloths over their uniform caps. Also French mountain infantry and other, specialized units in Imperial Russian , Turkish and German armies adopted these. Several armies in

192-501: Is a third plumage, a white winter morph. The genetic basis for this is not in the melanin pigment system, and is probably due to regulatory changes. The behaviour of moulting females in springtime depends on their plumage state: they tend to sit on snow while they are mainly white, but choose the border between bare ground and snow when they have more dark feathers. They seem to be choosing the best compromise between camouflage and food quality. The effects of climate change can lead to

224-473: Is a type of seasonal polyphenism with a distinct winter plumage or pelage . It is found in birds such as the rock ptarmigan , lagomorphs such as the Arctic hare , mustelids such as the stoat , and one canid , the Arctic fox . Since these have evolved separately, the similar appearance is due to convergent evolution . This was used as early evidence for natural selection . Some high Arctic species like

256-512: Is expected to be fully adopted by 2027. The Canadian Armed Forces has developed four operational variations of CADPAT: temperate woodland (TW), arid regions (AR), winter operations (WO), and multi-terrain (MT). The temperate woodland pattern became the standard issue for Land Force Command in 2002, with the Air Command following suit in 2004. In 2021, the Canadian Armed Forces selected a new CADPAT variant, multi-terrain pattern, to replace

288-616: Is known as the Canadian urban environment pattern (CUEPAT). While at least one company – HyperStealth Biotechnology Corporation  – responded to the requirement, as of 2024 there have been no further announcements regarding CUEPAT. In 2016, the Canadian Forces considered replacing the red-coloured uniforms worn by the Canadian Rangers with a new red-coloured CADPAT-derived design. During

320-523: Is medium-brown dominant, accented by black, dark green, and light tan; overall it is less vibrant than the TW pattern, but darker than the AR pattern. In 2021, the new CADPAT pattern, called "multi-terrain pattern" or simply “MT,” was announced as the replacement the TW and AR patterns. The MT pattern is designed to blend into the wide range of environments, and is planned to serve as the day-to-day working uniform of

352-539: Is very short, remain white year-round. Since these animals in widely separated groups have evolved separately, the similarity of coloration is due to convergent evolution , on the presumption that natural selection favours a particular coloration in a particular environment. The seasonal polyphenism in willow grouse differs between Scottish and Scandinavian populations. In Scotland, grouse have two plumages (breeding and non-breeding), while in Scandinavia there

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384-603: The Second World War in Northern European countries preferred separate winter uniforms rather than oversuits. The Waffen-SS went a step further, developing reversible uniforms with separate schemes for summer and autumn, as well as white winter oversuits. Other German units fighting in Eastern Europe were at first poorly equipped for winter, having to make do with ordinary summer uniforms, but in

416-586: The snowy owl and polar bear however remain white all year round. In military usage, soldiers often either exchange their disruptively-patterned summer uniforms for thicker snow camouflage uniforms printed with mainly-white versions of camouflage patterns in winter, or they wear white overalls over their uniforms. Some armies have made use of reversible uniforms, printed in different seasonal patterns on their two sides. Vehicles and guns are often simply repainted in white. Occasionally, aircraft too are repainted in snow camouflage patterns. Charles Darwin mentioned

448-523: The AR pattern was expedited with the intent that it would be issued to soldiers in summer 2002. The AR pattern also incorporates infrared technology for night operation. Beginning in 2019, as part of the Soldier Operational Clothing and Equipment Modernization (SOCEM) programme, a 'transitional' pattern began to be tested by the Canadian Armed Forces. The pattern was accepted after some mild alterations to its coloration. The pattern

480-468: The Arctic such as musk ox , moose , reindeer , wolverine and raven never become white "even in the coldest parts of their range". Cott noted that both animals that hunt, like polar bear and stoat, and prey animals like ptarmigan and mountain hare, require camouflage to hide from prey or from predators respectively. There is little experimental evidence for the adaptiveness of white as camouflage, though

512-470: The Canadian Armed Forces. In 2024, the Canadian Forces announced that issuance of MT-patterned uniforms would begin in February 2024 for high-readiness units first; They also claimed that the transition to the new pattern would be complete by 2026. The winter operations (WO) pattern was created for snow-covered or mixed woodland and snowy terrain. The snow camouflage pattern was introduced as an upgrade to

544-463: The Soldier Operational Clothing and Equipment Modernization (SOCEM) project, DND sought feedback and advice from users for the trial camouflage known as Prototype J before it made its decision. In 2021, the new multi-terrain CADPAT was selected as the replacement. In 2021, the first orders for the MT pattern were made, with 390,000 metres of cloth, followed by 560,000 metres of cloth. The new camouflage pattern

576-470: The TW and AR patterns, with both being phased out over the coming years, and the MT-patterned uniform becoming the "daily wear" uniform. The temperate woodland pattern (TW) is designed for use in forest and grassland environments, with its mix of light green, dark green, brown, and black. The pattern was first introduced in 1996 on the helmet cover for the new CG634 helmet then coming into service. At

608-727: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.237 via cp1104 cp1104, Varnish XID 198733867 Upstream caches: cp1104 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:45:16 GMT Snow camouflage Snow camouflage is the use of a coloration or pattern for effective camouflage in winter, often combined with a different summer camouflage. Summer patterns are typically disruptively patterned combinations of shades of browns and greys, up to black, while winter patterns are dominated by white to match snowy landscapes. Among animals, variable snow camouflage

640-665: The camo. This nearly made things complicated for the Department of National Defence (DND), since it had said that no Canadian commandos were officially in Afghanistan. In 2019, tests were conducted for plans to eventually replace the temperate and arid regions patterns. The 3rd Battalion of the Royal Canadian Regiment (3RCR) in Garrison Petawawa were issued the pattern for field tests. Under

672-428: The monochrome winter whites to further enhance the Canadian soldier's camouflage capability by day and night. It also includes near-infrared technology. In 2011, Defence Research and Development Canada , based at CFB Suffield , set forth a requirement to develop a new urban pattern for the Canadian Forces based on the three major metropolitan areas of Canada: Toronto , Vancouver , and Montreal . The prototype pattern

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704-539: The naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace , in his 1889 book Darwinism ; he listed the polar bear , the American polar hare, the snowy owl and the gyr falcon as remaining white all year, while the arctic fox, arctic hare, ermine and ptarmigan change their colour, and observed "the obvious explanation", that it was for concealment , at a time when Darwinism was at a low ebb . Later zoologists such as Hugh B. Cott have echoed his observations, adding that other animals of

736-465: The ornithologist W. L. N. Tickell, reviewing proposed explanations of white plumage in birds, writes that in the ptarmigan "it is difficult to escape the conclusion that cryptic brown summer plumage becomes a liability in snow, and white plumage is therefore another cryptic adaptation." All the same, he notes, "in spite of winter plumage, many Ptarmigan in NE Iceland are killed by Gyrfalcons throughout

768-649: The requirements. Ongoing operations in the mid-1990s led to the creation of the Clothe the Soldier (CTS) Project, which directly addressed the NATO soldier system capability areas of survivability and sustainability. The Canadian Disruptive Pattern was a part of ongoing research and implemented during the CTS Project. Once CADPAT temperate woodland was finalized, field tests began in 1995. After satisfactory results, CADPAT

800-400: The same time, the pattern was also introduced on a new soldier's individual camouflage net. The TW pattern provides protection from observation by the naked eye and night vision devices, with the pattern incorporating near-infrared technology at the ink level to help conceal the wearer against near-infrared optical devices. The pattern is optimized for a gate rate of 30 to 350 metres against

832-403: The temperate woodland and arid regions CADPAT variations. Canada's desire for a new soldier system dated back to November 1988 and closely followed efforts in many NATO countries. The first research effort, called Integrated Protective Clothing and Equipment (IPCE) Technology Demonstration, was initiated in 1995 but then was cancelled, due to high systems cost and failure to meet the majority of

864-464: The trials that eventually led to the Multi-Terrain pattern, a number of patterns emerged as contenders, most prominent of which was known as the 'Prototype J' pattern. It underwent testing in 2019 and the pattern was slightly more green-dominant than the ultimately adopted MT pattern. CADPAT was the first digital camouflage pattern to be issued operationally. Many debates speculate the pattern

896-421: The white winter coloration of the ptarmigan in his 1859 Origin of Species : When we see ... the alpine ptarmigan white in winter, the red-grouse the colour of heather , and the black-grouse that of peaty earth, we must believe that these tints are of service to these birds ... in preserving them from danger. The white protective coloration of arctic animals was noted by an early student of camouflage,

928-779: The winter of 1942 to 1943 new white two-piece hooded oversuits with long mitten gauntlets started to arrive. American troops in Europe in the winter of 1944 to 1945 improvised snow capes and helmet covers from white cloth such as bed linen. The Red Army issued a report, "Tactical and Technical trends, No. 17" in January 1943 on the camouflage of tanks in winter. It advised either all-white using zinc white or titanium white paint for level, open country, or disruptive two-colour winter camouflage for areas with more variety including "forests, underbrush, small settlements, thawed patches of earth". The two colours could be achieved either by leaving around

960-406: The winter." Some animals of the far north, like the snowshoe and Arctic hares , Arctic fox , stoat , and rock ptarmigan change their coat colour (by moulting and growing new fur or feathers) from brown or grey summer camouflage to white in the winter; the Arctic fox is the only species in the dog family to do so. However, Arctic hares which live in the far north of Canada , where summer

992-718: Was adopted by the Canadian Army in 1997; however, testing was not concluded until 2001 once the pattern was trademarked. The first operational use of the temperate woodland pattern was reported in September 2001 with Canadian soldiers serving in Bosnia and Herzegovina for Palladium Rotation 09. The first operational use of the CADPAT arid regions variant overseas was reported during the War in Afghanistan , when Taliban prisoners of war were seen escorted by armed Canadian commandos in

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1024-635: Was the direct inspiration for the United States Marine Corps ' pursuit and adoption of their own camouflage pattern MARPAT when replacing their Battle Dress Uniform and Desert Camouflage Uniform in late 2001 to early 2002. The MARPAT pattern issued in 2001 used the same print screens as the CADPAT TW pattern and the trial pattern for the CADPAT AR pattern. Regular Force Too Many Requests If you report this error to

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