CBF-FM is a French-language radio station licensed to Montreal , Quebec , Canada.
85-516: Owned and operated by the government-owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation , it transmits on 95.1 MHz from the Mount Royal candelabra tower with an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts ( class C1 ) using an omnidirectional antenna . Its studios and master control are located at Maison Radio-Canada in Montreal. The station has a non-commercial news / talk format and
170-666: A MyNetworkTV affiliation or became independent stations. The standard definition of an O&O again does not apply to The CW, but the CBS-owned stations that carry the network were referred to as "CW O&Os" (Time Warner, later known as WarnerMedia, did not own any station except one during its existence). After Nexstar Media Group (who acquired Tribune in 2019) brought a 75% interest in The CW ( Paramount Global and Warner Bros. Discovery , who respectively succeeded CBS Corporation and WarnerMedia, each retain 12.5% ownership), all of
255-810: A clear channel Class I-A station. The transmitter was located in Contrecoeur . The station moved to 690 on March 29, 1941, as a result of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement . In 1978, the CBC consolidated its two Montréal AM broadcast transmitters and the station moved to a new transmitter site shared with CBM in Brossard (Now known as CBME-FM on 88.5 FM). CBF started to broadcast from Maison Radio-Canada in November 1971. Commercial advertising on
340-624: A diary -based system for tracking radio audience habits and this system is still used in most markets. In Montreal , Toronto , Vancouver , Edmonton and Calgary ratings are now measured using the Portable People Meter (PPM) technology. In television, Numeris is partnered with the American company Nielsen in a joint venture which measures the Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal Anglo and Montreal Franco markets,
425-663: A " farm station " which developed talent for the larger O&O stations and network (although, until after it ended following Multimedia 's purchase of controlling interest in the station in 1990, this strategy left WKYC as a longtime also-ran in the Cleveland market due to heavy staff turnover). Roker's predecessor as the Today show's weatherman, Willard Scott , was an on-air personality at WRC-TV , NBC's O&O in Washington, D. C., before going to New York in 1980. Another example
510-470: A "news network" although all of these organizations provide more than just news programming). The four largest of these – Nippon TV ( NNN / NNS ), Tokyo Broadcasting System ( JNN ), Fuji TV ( FNN / FNS ), and TV Asahi ( ANN ), two of four of them owned by major newspapers (Nippon TV by The Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings and TV Asahi by The Asahi Shimbun Company ) and Tokyo Broadcasting System being highly affiliated with The Mainichi Newspapers Co. despite
595-603: A Channel 4 affiliate, with Channel 4's operations in the rest of the UK being similar to an O&O. Since the digital switchover, S4C has been a fully Welsh-language service, with Channel 4 available in Wales at all times on a separate digital channel. However, S4C has some ties to the BBC even as the latter does not own the former. The licence fee, which is primarily used to fund the BBC, also partly goes to S4C. S4C's main newscast, Newyddion,
680-608: A certain network (such as Sunbeam Television 's WHDH in Boston and WSVN in Miami using a variation of the circle 7 logo, and ABC affiliate KCRG-TV in Cedar Rapids, Iowa using CBS' "I Love Chicago" motif). Likewise, network affiliates may also license graphics packages for use on their newscasts and imaging from their networks to reduce the costs of licensing imaging from other parties; though it has been reduced in usage than in
765-509: A higher network-level position. Emmy Award-winning videotape editor Walter Balderson , for example, began his career in television as an engineer at WRC-TV in Washington before eventually becoming NBC's videotape editor for The Huntley–Brinkley Report , as well as other NBC network shows in New York. Numeris Numeris (formerly the Bureau of Broadcast Measurement , or BBM Canada )
850-405: A in-studio presenter stepping in to present the regional news, that segment is a montage of the top regional news reports. Currently, other television station groups (such as Hearst Television ) also implement common branding practices among its stations (even when affiliated with different networks). Some of the branding elements are now used by stations that are not O&Os or even affiliates of
935-502: A mainly digitally distributed service in 2014 (leaving Los Angeles flagship KDIS as the network's only remaining O&O until 2017, when it became affiliated with spin-off network Radio Disney Country ). Most religious radio networks, such as Salem Communications , Moody Radio , the Bible Broadcasting Network , and Air 1 / K-Love , own and operate all of their stations. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS )
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#17327834255531020-426: A more genericized channel branding). This kind of sharing may also present some savings to the parent network (i.e., the owner), as its O&Os can use the same graphics and music rather than to have each station commission their own individual branding package. Examples include the circle 7 logo (originally designed in 1962 for ABC's aforementioned O&Os, all of which at the time had broadcast on VHF channel 7) and
1105-633: A network station , as in " WFAA is an ABC station" even though that ABC affiliate, in the Dallas–Fort Worth market, is owned by Tegna, Inc. A correct formal phrasing could be, "ABC affiliate WFAA is a Tegna station." Similarly, one may informally refer to "ABC affiliates" in regard to all stations (including O&Os) that air ABC programming, or to "the ABC affiliation" in regard to the transfer of rights to ABC programming from an affiliate to an O&O. Some stations that are owned by companies that operate
1190-458: A network and an owned-and-operated station, this is not necessarily required and may simply be a legal technicality formalizing the relationship of separate entities under the same parent company. This does not prevent a network from dictating an owned-and-operated station's practices outside the scope of a normal affiliation agreement. For example, network programming is rarely preempted by O&Os except in cases of major breaking news of interest to
1275-508: A network but air another network's programming are referred to as an affiliate of the network that they carry. For example, WPSG in Philadelphia is owned by the CBS network's parent company Paramount Global , but has no network affiliation and airs syndicated programming; it is an independent station . Prior to September 2023, WPSG aired programming from The CW , which was owned by CBS at
1360-506: A new logo designed by the agency Cundari, along with a new slogan, "Audiences Count". The company felt that the BBM name, especially given the continued use of its full name by media outlets, evoked visions of "surveys and bureaucracy" that were inconsistent with its modern operation. On August 28, 2022, Numeris ceased publication of TV Topline Reports. In radio, Numeris is the main provider of ratings services. The company has traditionally used
1445-417: A separate notion for such a concept redundant. In the broadcasting industry, the term "owned-and-operated station" refers exclusively to stations that are owned by television and radio networks. The term "affiliate" applies only to stations that are not owned by networks but instead have contractual agreements to air programming from one of the major networks. While there may be an affiliation agreement between
1530-517: A somewhat comparable situation existed for the fourth channel allocation , with Channel 4 broadcasting in England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, and S4C , operated by a separate public authority , broadcasting in Wales. Until the digital switchover in Wales in 2010, S4C's analogue service broadcast primarily Welsh-language programming, along with English-language programming from Channel 4, often on delay . In this sense, S4C could be considered
1615-541: A television network) can only reach a maximum market coverage of 39% of the country. Given this restriction, television networks only have O&Os in a fraction of the 210 designated market areas around the country (the remainder of the markets are served by affiliates that are owned by other media companies). Periodically, networks may sell O&Os to comply with this FCC restriction. O&Os tend to be found in large urban centers such as New York City , Los Angeles , and Chicago , and other markets that are typically among
1700-630: A television network. Many O&Os have served as a stepping stone for television personalities at their parent networks. For example, former Today and NBC Nightly News presenter Tom Brokaw used to work for NBC's Los Angeles O&O, KNBC, before moving to the network while Matt Lauer and Al Roker worked for NBC's flagship O&O in New York City, WNBC-TV , before becoming hosts on Today . Additionally, Roker had begun his career with NBC at former O&O WKYC-TV in Cleveland , known as
1785-587: A television or radio station owned by the network with which it is associated. This distinguishes such a station from an affiliate , which is independently owned and carries network programming by contract. The concept of an O&O is clearly defined in the United States and Canada (and to some extent, several other countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Japan), where network-owned stations had historically been
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#17327834255531870-540: Is a Canadian audience measurement organization. Established on May 11, 1944 as a division of the Canadian Association of Broadcasters , Numeris is the sole provider of viewership numbers for television and radio broadcasters in Canada. Numeris was founded by the Canadian Association of Broadcasters on May 11, 1944 as the Bureau of Broadcast Measurement . In 1964, it became the first ratings service in
1955-419: Is actually an umbrella organisation made up of the different regional public broadcasters. This effectively renders ARD a case of where the regional stations own the network. One of ARD's channels, Das Erste , has exactly the same output across the country but each of the regional broadcasters contributes content to it. Meanwhile, each ARD-member broadcaster uses channel 3 to show its own output and lineup in
2040-537: Is broadcast from BBC Wales' studios. Some other BBC personalities like Huw Edwards also appear regularly on S4C. S4C is also available on the BBC's iPlayer for everyone in the UK. While BBC One has regional output, the BBC produces all such regional programmes itself, and in this sense all BBC "stations" are owned-and-operated; however, as with the ITV network, there are regional variations in scheduling on this channel between
2125-422: Is not allowed to own or operate any of its stations by way of its ownership model, as its individual member stations own the network instead in the manner of ARD. A network's O&Os often share similar branding elements among themselves, reinforcing their common identity as stations owned by the same network; for example, a common shared element among O&O stations involves identifying themselves by combining
2210-578: Is one of only two terrestrial stations in North America to be broadcast on Sirius XM, and the only one broadcast using the same feed as the local station ( WBBR in New York City ; is the only other station, though any local commercials are replaced with national commercials and promos). Owned-and-operated station In the broadcasting industry, an owned-and-operated station (frequently abbreviated as an O&O ) usually refers to
2295-402: Is referred to as "Channel 2" or "Dos", which corresponds to the assigned channel number of its Manila O&O DWWX-TV (now All TV 's DZMV-TV ). This is applicable even if a viewer receives the network on a different channel number (either because the viewer resides in a different viewing area or receives the channel through cable or satellite ). ARD , one of Germany's public broadcasters,
2380-572: Is the flagship of the Ici Radio-Canada Première network which operates across Canada. Like all Première stations, but unlike most FM stations, it broadcasts in mono . In the summer of 2018, CBF-FM started to broadcast in FM multiplex. CBF went on the air on December 11, 1937, as the CBC launched its French-language network, known as Radio-Canada. CBF operated on 910 using 50,000 watts full-time with an omnidirectional antenna as
2465-484: The 1998 Ice Storm (i.e., people without electricity). The AM signal was shut down on January 21, 1999. (English-language sister station CBM got permission to move to FM and started FM operations at the same time, retaining its AM signal until May 14, 1999.) CBF became CBF-FM when it moved to the FM dial. The existing station with the CBF-FM callsign at 100.7 MHz was renamed CBFX-FM . The station's old home at 690
2550-631: The constituent countries of the UK . BBC Two used to have a version for Scotland but on February 17, 2019, this variation was discontinued to make way for a new television channel entitled BBC Scotland (Scotland viewers now get the same version of BBC Two seen in England). Channel 4 offers regional advertising (as did Channel 5 until 2015), but otherwise there are currently no regional programming variations on those channels or on any other UK-wide television channels. Local Television Limited owns and operates several stations across major metro areas in
2635-474: The "BBM" acronym to refer to its BlackBerry Messenger service. The organization alleged that it had received phone calls from users who believed that they were affiliated with RIM. RIM objected to the lawsuit, arguing that both companies were in unrelated industries. The suit was dismissed in 2012 by Canadian federal courts as being without merit. BBM Canada ultimately chose to adopt a different name. On June 19, 2014, BBM Canada re-branded as Numeris, unveiling
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2720-428: The "This is Chicago, Chicago My Town" musical signature for local newscasts (originally used by WBBM-TV, and later spread to other CBS O&Os). Fox also has a set of branding guidelines for both its O&Os and affiliates. Supposedly, NBC and ABC also have branding guidelines for its affiliates, but not as extreme as CBS or Fox; since the 2013–14 season, however, when ABC unveiled an updated version of its logo, all of
2805-585: The 10 largest in the U.S. (such as the San Francisco Bay Area , Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex , and Philadelphia ), although they have also been found in markets as small as Green Bay, Wisconsin (DMA No. 69, 2006–07) and Toledo, Ohio (DMA No. 76, 1995–2011) in the past. Some networks (such as Ion Television ) and non-commercial religious television networks (such as the Trinity Broadcasting Network and Daystar ) own
2890-492: The 1980s, these radio networks began to be broken up. For all intents and purposes, NBC no longer exists as a radio network, beyond brand licensing and distribution agreements with Dial Global for NBC Sports Radio content. ABC was previously non-existent as well, until 2015 when it relaunched an in-house radio network after Cumulus Media Networks , the then-owners and distributors of the ABC News Radio brand, replaced
2975-403: The 2002 Act on Broadcasting, currently owned-and-operated radio stations tend to air mostly local programming, while owned-and-operated television stations are allowed to air mostly network's national programming. In Japan, commercial terrestrial television is focused on five organizations, known alternatively by either the name of their flagship Tokyo station or a network name (usually branded as
3060-487: The ABC News brand with Westwood One News (via CNN ). CBS's radio stations are now a separate company ( CBS Radio ) from its broadcast service. In the late 1990s, the original CBS Radio Network was reassigned to then-corporate sibling Westwood One via a series of complicated transactions, absorbing the former Mutual and the original NBC Radio (which General Electric spun off in 1987 after its merger with RCA ) in
3145-573: The ACME stations) aired programming from The WB, they did not fit the standard definition of an owned-and-operated station. A similar exception existed when UPN was launched in January 1995 by co-owners Chris-Craft and Viacom . Each of the companies owned a number of stations that aired the network. However, the stations were also not considered O&Os under the initial standard definition. This ambiguity ended with Viacom's buyout of Chris-Craft's share of
3230-463: The ARD media library available on ARD's website and mobile app. The ITV network is jointly owned by the owners of the local "Channel 3" stations throughout the United Kingdom, which since 2016 have been consolidated into two companies: ITV plc (whose Channel 3 franchises are branded ITV1 ) and STV Group plc (which operates its franchises as STV ). Officially, the stations own the network, rather than
3315-537: The CBC applied to decrease the effective radiated power of CBF-20, and also on the same date, the CBC also applied to broadcast, on the rebroadcasting transmitters CBF-16, CBF-17 and CBF-18, the programming of CBF-8 instead of the programming of CBF. All technical parameters of the rebroadcasters would remain unchanged. On July 29, 2010, the CRTC approved the application to transfer transmitters CBF-1, CBF-3 and CBF-4 from CBF to CHLM-FM Rouyn-Noranda . On October 30, 2012,
3400-399: The CBC received approval to change the source of programming from CBF to CBFG-FM Chisasibi on the following repeaters: CBFA-1 Manawan , CBFA-2 Obedjiwan , CBFW Wemindji , CBFM Mistissini , CBFA-3 Wemotaci , CBFH Waskaganish and CBFV Waswanipi . As of 2015, the entirety of CBF's schedule is broadcast live throughout North America via Sirius XM Canada on channel 170. In effect, CBF
3485-635: The CRTC approved the CBC's application to change CBF-3's frequency from 1400 to 650 kHz. (Now part of CHLM-FM). CBF-FM-10 in Sherbrooke and CBF-FM-8 in Trois-Rivières were once full satellites of CBF, but began airing some local programming in 1998. They have both been licensed as full-fledged stations since 2000, despite still having rebroadcaster-like call signs. Both stations have their own local programs and news bulletins; otherwise, their schedules are similar to CBF. On July 5, 2010,
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3570-681: The Mainichi's lack of ownership – each own and operate stations in the Tokyo, Keihanshin , Chukyo and Fukuoka metropolitan areas. These four television markets together account for more than half of the country's population. In addition, these four networks also own and operate some stations in other television markets. Most of the Japanese television stations outside the four flagship media markets have affiliates with one of those networks, therefore, they are not owned-and-operated stations. However, in
3655-671: The Nexstar-owned CW affiliates became O&Os. Some O&Os choose to refer to themselves as "network-owned stations" instead, reflecting the fact that while they may be owned by a national network, much of the operation is usually left to the discretion of the local station. In Australia, Seven West Media , which owns the Seven Network , Nine Entertainment , which owns the Nine Network and Paramount Global , which owns Network 10 each own and operate stations in
3740-648: The O&;O's viewing area, despite individual affiliates' rights to do so. The term "station" applies to the ownership of the station. For example, a station that is owned and operated by the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is referred to as an "ABC station" or an "ABC O&O." A station not owned by ABC but contracted to air the network's programming is correctly referred to as an "ABC affiliate". However, informally or for promotional purposes, affiliated stations are sometimes referred to as
3825-521: The Philippines, networks such as the former ABS-CBN (now all of these stations being converted into All TV stations), GMA Network , and TV5 own and operate almost all their local television stations, although a few affiliates also exist. As regional stations simulcast / relay almost the entire programming lineup of their parent network's flagship station (usually based in Metro Manila ),
3910-531: The Radio-Canada outlet for Ottawa as well. Its nighttime signal covered most of the eastern half of North America, including much of Eastern Canada . However, radio frequency interference rendered it almost unlistenable in parts of Montreal during the day, which prompted the decision to move the station to the FM dial. The FM transmitter was put on the air ahead of schedule on January 22, 1998, and initially had special programming targeting people affected by
3995-449: The UK and is seen on Freeview channel 8. Compared to other established services, each of the owned and operated stations has more hours of content that caters to the viewing areas of such. Unlike in the US, O&Os intended for a certain viewing area are viewable anywhere in the UK. O&Os from other viewing areas are available on Sky and Freesat and the BBC's iPlayer allows users to select
4080-456: The UK, the similar O&O branding elements are prevalent in the continuity sequences, especially when a national BBC News bulletin on BBC One is introduced. In here the regional announcer tells viewers "This is BBC One [name of region]", as well who will present the national and regional news bulletin. The fonts and graphics styles used in the national news bulletins are mirrored in the regional news bulletins. The format and order of segments of
4165-474: The early 2000s, however, and as of January 2017, no private CBC affiliates remain (the last such station disaffiliated in September 2016), and stations that have left the network since the mid-2000s have generally not been replaced. Indeed, the public broadcaster shut down most of its own TV rebroadcast transmitters in 2012, and now relies instead on cable and satellite carriage of its O&Os in regions outside
4250-528: The exception rather than the rule. In such places, broadcasting licenses are generally issued on a local (rather than national) basis, and there is (or was) some sort of regulatory mechanism in place to prevent any company (including a broadcasting network) from owning stations in every market in the country. In other parts of the world, many television networks were given national broadcasting licenses at launch; as such, they have traditionally been mostly (or entirely) composed of owned-and-operated stations, rendering
4335-482: The few affiliates are located in smaller regional markets like Lloydminster and Thunder Bay . CBC Television , with its role as the publicly funded broadcaster, has at least one O&O in every single province , as well as CBC North serving the three territories as well as northern Quebec. While the majority of Canadians are served by CBC owned-and-operated stations, the CBC previously had some privately owned affiliates. The number of these particularly decreased in
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#17327834255534420-543: The five largest metropolitan areas ( Sydney , Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth and Adelaide ). These television markets together account for two-thirds of the country's population. In addition, Seven also owns and operates its STQ station in regional Queensland , its CBN station in regional New South Wales and in the ACT , its AMV station in regional Victoria , its PTV station in Mildura and various stations related to
4505-750: The former GWN7 network in Western Australia and Nine owns and operates its NTD station in Darwin . Nine also owns and operates its NBN station, based in Newcastle . The two national public broadcasters, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), own and operate all of their local stations. In Indonesia, although public networks (i.e. RRI and TVRI ) own and operate all of their local stations since their early years,
4590-994: The largest markets. The CBC's main French-language network, Ici Radio-Canada Télé , is the only French-language network in Canada that has O&Os located outside Quebec . The network maintains an O&O in each province except in Atlantic Canada , where CBAFT (based in Moncton , New Brunswick) previously served the entire region via relay transmitters (and remains available on cable/satellite). The territories likewise now receive programming through cable/satellite carriage of out-of-province O&Os, usually CBFT Montreal . The other two French-language networks – Noovo and TVA – only have O&Os (and, for that matter, affiliates) within Quebec (privately owned Radio-Canada affiliates were only found within Quebec as well,
4675-424: The last affiliated station shut down in 2021). Along with the major networks, some media conglomerates also run second-tier television systems (e.g., Rogers Media 's Omni Television and Bell Media 's CTV 2 ). These systems share the same parent companies as most of their local stations, and such stations can be considered O&Os as well. For example, all of CTV Two's local stations are owned by Bell Media. On
4760-656: The main stations based in Lima . In Canada, due to the population being concentrated to fewer urban centres (compared to the United States), as well as more lenient policies regarding media ownership (for example, an ownership cap on television stations does not exist, except for within one media market ), many television stations have become (or began operation as) O&Os. For instance, CTV and Global currently own and operate an overwhelming majority of their local stations (most of which are located in major urban centres);
4845-535: The name of their parent network with the station's channel number (such as "CBS 2," which is uniformly used by CBS O&Os KCBS-TV in Los Angeles, WCBS-TV in New York City and WBBM-TV in Chicago), which started to become a normal mode of branding in the mid-1990s (beforehand, O&Os of certain networks – such as CBS and NBC – incorporated the network's logo into their own while verbally being referred under
4930-588: The network in 1989. Due to the lack of an ownership cap in Mexico, some Mexican television networks own and operate all of their stations; a few media companies, such as Grupo Televisa and Azteca own multiple stations in several markets that each carry programming from the various networks that it also owns (or in the case of Televisa, shoehorn programs cherrypicked from its various networks onto one station). However, there are privately owned local stations that still exist, which broadcast programming originating from
5015-490: The network in 2000, which came not long after its merger with the previous CBS Corporation . The stations were referred to informally as "UPN O&Os" (Chris-Craft later sold its stations to Fox Television Stations , the subsidiary of the then News Corporation that primarily operates Fox 's O&Os, in 2000 ). Following the shutdowns of UPN and The WB, CBS Corporation (former owner of UPN) and Time Warner became co-owners of The CW Television Network , which largely merged
5100-591: The network owning stations as is the case in most of the other countries listed here. However, since the 2004 creation of ITV plc, which since 2016 has owned and operated all of the Channel 3 licences serving England, Wales, southern Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Channel Islands , as well as the UK-wide breakfast licence , most of the operations of the network have been absorbed into that entity. Moreover,
5185-492: The network's affiliates are now required to use the ABC circle logo as a part of the station's own logo, which must additionally be approved by the network for use. Networks in Canada took corporate branding to its logical conclusion; references to local call signs and channel numbers have almost completely been eliminated from the O&Os except during station sign-on and sign-off sequences (although some O&Os may occasionally refer to their channel numbers in passing). In
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#17327834255535270-972: The number of stations a television network can own. As a result, the five major television networks ( TV Globo , Record , SBT , Rede Bandeirantes , TV Cultura and RedeTV! ) tend to have O&Os only in the country's three largest cities, Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo and Brasilia , and rely heavily on affiliates to distribute the networks' programming to other areas of the country. Some markets (such as Belo Horizonte , Recife and Manaus ) also have O&Os from one or more networks; for instance, Globo and RedeTV own and operate their stations in Recife, while SBT, Record, Rede Bandeirantes, and TV Cultura do not. Smaller television networks, including ( TV Gazeta ), typically only have one owned-and-operated station. The major Chilean television networks currently own and operate all of their stations. Canal 13 had an affiliate in northern Chile, Telenorte , until it disaffiliated from
5355-551: The other hand, Canwest 's E! added a few private affiliates not owned by Canwest in Western Canada prior to its demise in 2009; those affiliates have since joined Rogers' Citytv network. In the United States, unlike Canada's O&O-heavy geography, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) currently mandates that the total number of television stations owned by any company (including
5440-489: The past, many affiliate stations also license the network's imaging for their entertainment program and news promotions. Nonetheless, such practices and elements can still be traced back to the O&Os, which represented the earliest television station groups under common ownership, before the emergence and proliferation of national station ownership groups in the subsequent decades. Positions at network O&Os are frequently sought after by those who wish to eventually work for
5525-643: The process. Westwood One was spun off in 2007 and merged into Dial Global in 2011, with the new company taking on the Westwood One name. Today, CBS maintains separate distribution agreements between Westwood One (for CBS Radio News and its sports play-by-play packages, most notably the NFL and the NCAA) and Cumulus Media (for CBS Sports Radio ). However, new radio networks have cropped up with their own owned-and-operated networks. iHeartMedia owns many stations in
5610-549: The programming from both networks onto the scheduling model used by The WB. The network launched in September 2006 on 11 UPN stations owned by CBS Corporation, and 15 WB affiliates owned by Tribune (which exchanged its ownership stake in The WB for affiliation agreements on most of its stations with the new CW network). Certain UPN and WB affiliates in markets where Tribune and CBS both owned stations carrying those networks either picked up
5695-623: The region/viewing area they are interested in and will thus give them the corresponding BBC One feed. BBC Scotland and BBC Alba are available across the UK through the iPlayer. UTV, the ITV O&;O for Northern Ireland is available across the UK but users need to add this channel manually to their Sky or Freesat lineup. Argentina's TVP owns and operates all of its stations. However, commercial broadcasters like ( Telefe , El Trece , América TV and Encuentro ) have private affiliates outside Buenos Aires . In Brazil, government regulations limit
5780-450: The regional bulletins are almost exactly the same as each other. This is also applicable to the weather segments. In Sweden where Sveriges Television ( SVT ) owns and operates all its stations, the regional news programme segments have identical graphics elements to each other and to the main national programmes they are either part of (e.g. Morgonstudion) or follow (e.g. Rapport and Aktuellt). For instance, during Morgonstudion, rather than
5865-530: The same company as their parent network, though they were established as different companies. The stations typically has on-air name format [network name] [city/province], reflecting their respective network and their broadcast coverage. There is only a single counterexample to this rule: RBTV (Yogyakarta) [ id ] airing in the Special Region of Yogyakarta , is an affiliate of but only 25% shares are owned by Kompas TV . Due to regulations in
5950-571: The same with its own stations and broadcast service known as Cumulus Media Networks. The Walt Disney Company , which sold off ABC Radio in 2007 to Citadel Broadcasting (which was merged into Cumulus in 2011) still owns the ESPN Radio network. ESPN Radio has only a few owned-and-operated stations in mostly major markets. Until 2021, Disney also owned the Radio Disney network, and almost all of Radio Disney's outlets prior to its transition to
6035-609: The separately owned station serving northern and central Scotland (STV), and to a lesser extent the ITV plc-owned UTV in Northern Ireland, often deviate significantly from the schedule of the ITV1 channel as programmed by ITV plc. As a result of this restructuring and other changes in the relationship between ITV and STV, the Channel 3 franchises owned by ITV plc could now be considered ITV owned-and-operated stations, with STV being comparable to an affiliate. From 1982 to 2010,
6120-464: The station has increased significantly. The station is now usually one of the top five stations in Bureau of Broadcast Measurement ratings (using shares), after decades of being an also-ran. On September 27, 2018, CBF-FM began broadcasting in HD Radio for compatible receivers, with its second digital radio subchannel offering ICI Musique Classique, a digital-only music feed. On October 17, 1986
6205-753: The station was eliminated in 1974 except for Montreal Canadiens NHL hockey games. (CBF was the Canadiens' radio flagship since its opening in 1937 and would remain so until 1997.) CBF applied to move to FM and was authorized to do so by the CRTC on July 4, 1997. The AM signal covered much of the western half of Quebec, and was strong enough to be heard in Ottawa and the National Capital Region , as well as parts of New York State and Vermont . Indeed, until CBOF signed on in 1964, CBF doubled as
6290-510: The stations located in Mexico City . In 1974, Telecentro was created as a division of ENRAD (Empresa Nacional de Radiodifusión), a state controlled company used to operate all of the country's radio and television stations. However, private broadcasters still owned the broadcast stations. When satellite transmission links were introduced in Peru in 1989, many affiliates had become repeaters of
6375-510: The stations of Jawa Pos Multimedia [ id ] and Indonesia Network [ id ] , consisting of distinct TV stations owned by same company, with few or none national programming). Also, the terms "network", "station", and "channel" are used interchangeably, and the flagship station (mostly in Jakarta) could be watched on pay TV. Most of the local private stations that are member of national networks are owned and operated by
6460-631: The strict North American definition of "owned by the network", nearly all of those network affiliates would have been classified as owned-and-operated stations, since the networks (or in the case of Nippon TV, Tokyo Broadcasting System and TV Asahi, the newspapers who own/affiliated with them) has controlling shares in those stations. The smaller TV Tokyo ( TXN ) clearly owns and operates all of its local stations. The public broadcaster NHK operates two terrestrial channels, NHK General TV and NHK Educational TV . Both of these channels have some regional stations, all of which are owned and operated by NHK. In
6545-424: The terms "network", "station" and "channel" can in practice be used interchangeably to refer to either one. Even when a network's local station features programmes that deviate from the flagship station, viewers there may be able to see the flagship station through pay-TV operators. In addition, networks are often informally referred to using their flagship stations' terrestrial channel numbers. For example, ABS-CBN
6630-627: The time; therefore, WPSG was a CW O&O prior to October 2022. The stations carrying The WB Television Network were another exception. The controlling shares in the network were held by Time Warner through its Warner Bros. division, with minority interests from the Tribune Company and, for a portion of the network's existence, the now-defunct ACME Communications . While Tribune-owned stations such as WGN-TV in Chicago, WPIX in New York City and KTLA in Los Angeles (along with most of
6715-496: The top 100 U.S. markets, and in turn feeds them with programming, either from corporate subsidiary Premiere Radio Networks or via internal distribution ; in particular, this is done with their talk radio station portfolio. Voicetracking purposes are handled either by internal methods or through their Premium Choice format menus, the latter of which is geared towards small and medium-market stations with air talent selected from stations in larger markets. Cumulus Media often does
6800-420: The trend of private networks own and operating more than one station only arose in the 2000s, as the restriction on private radio station's broadcast area was lifted and new regulations concerning network broadcasting system was in effect. The situation is similar to that of the neighbouring Philippines (see below), since most of them are transmitter stations with few regional programming (the notable exceptions are
6885-405: The vast majority of their stations, with only a few privately owned outlets carrying their programming (in the case of TBN and Daystar, both networks own their stations directly and through subsidiary licensees, such as Community Educational Television for TBN and Word of God Fellowship for Daystar). Owned-and-operated stations used to be common in the days of network radio , however beginning in
6970-432: The viewing areas they serve (although a common time exists for regional news bulletins at 19.30 and a simulcast of the national newscast Tagesschau at 20.00 Central European time ). Within some regional broadcasters, further variations exist for the regional news bulletins. Viewers across Germany are able to view the different regional variations of channel 3 through free-to-air satellite, pay-TV subscription, or through
7055-551: The world to introduce computerized sample selection . In 2004, the organization began a joint venture with Nielsen Media Research to adopt its Portable People Meter system for television audience measurement. The organization officially shortened its name to BBM Canada in 2001; despite this, many outlets still referred to the organization under its previous name. In late December 2011, BBM sued Canadian technology company Research in Motion for trademark infringement , as it uses
7140-455: Was BBC London News presenter Emily Maitlis, who joined BBC News 24 and BBC Two's Newsnight in 2006. Although working at an O&O does not guarantee a network job down the line, the on-air presenter or correspondent does potentially receive additional exposure to the network and often a larger audience given that O&Os are often found in the largest media markets. Behind-the-scenes personnel at an O&O station may also be promoted to
7225-413: Was taken over by CKVL, which moved from 850 under the new callsign CINF . That station closed down in 2010, and the frequency remained dark until 2012, when English-language sports station CKGM moved there. To improve reception, CBF was authorized to increase its power from 17,030 watts to 100,000 watts on June 2, 2000. The power increase was implemented in mid-2001. In recent years the popularity of
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