138-684: City College of San Francisco ( CCSF or City College ) is a public community college in San Francisco, California , United States. Founded as a junior college in 1935, the college plays an important local role, enrolling as many as one in nine San Francisco residents annually. CCSF is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC). CCSF, the only community college in San Francisco, offers tuition-free education for all residents of
276-447: A Council of Ministers of Education, Canada . British Columbia is the only Canadian province offering American-style associate degrees. Similar to the U.S., these consist of a two-year program and allow for articulation onto the third year of a bachelor's degree program. Other provinces do not offer associate degrees but do offer similar higher education qualifications below the bachelor's level: These are two-year courses resulting in
414-548: A further education college or sixth form college to prepare themselves for a wide range of apprenticeships and study. Major provider of vocational qualifications include the Business and Technology Education Council , City and Guilds of London Institute and Edexcel . Higher National Certificates and Higher National Diplomas typically require 1 and 2 years of full-time study and credit from either HNE or Diplomas can be transferred toward an undergraduate degree. Along with
552-509: A grammar school if they pass the eleven plus exam ; there are also a number of isolated fully selective grammar schools and a few dozen partially selective schools . The oldest state school in England is Beverley Grammar School , which was founded in 700 AD. The French educational system is highly centralised, organised, and ramified. It is divided into three stages: Schooling in France
690-572: A selective school system where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria, usually academic performance. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced as state schools on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of English secondary school pupils attend a comprehensive state school. Comprehensive schools provide an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that
828-559: A bachelor degree after, usually, two additional years. Associate degrees are also offered by some universities, as a final degree or as an intermediate stage before a bachelor degree. In Hispanic America, an associate degree is called a carrera técnica , tecnicatura or Técnico Superior Universitario (TSU), while a bachelor's degree would be known as a licenciatura or ingeniería . In Brazil , undergraduate degrees are known as graduação ('graduate') while graduate degrees are known as pós-graduação ('postgraduate'). Brazil follows
966-493: A diploma in a broad range of technical, professional and academic subjects. Articulation into bachelor's programs are the norm but can differ by subject (with some specialties rarer among bachelor's). Ontario also offers three-year advanced diplomas which are not considered as associate degrees. The territories have fewer but similar diploma programs, some being particularly geared to Arctic environments, and northern Indigenous cultures and languages, with bachelor's programs being
1104-433: A faulty evaluation process, and a politically motivated decision-making process. The 2013 decision to revoke accreditation in 2014 was put on hold pending the legal challenges. In January 2015, with the legal conflict still ongoing, ACCJC said that CCSF remained out of compliance with standards in 32 areas but granted the college a two-year extension for resolving these issues and avoiding a shutdown. In 2017, ACCJC reaffirmed
1242-474: A fraction of the unit cost of government schools. The teacher to student ratio is usually much lower in private schools than in the government ones, creating more competitive students. Education in India is provided by the public sector as well as the private sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. The Nalanda University was the oldest university-system of education in
1380-469: A governmental entity. Private school generally refers to primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions that are not government-owned. Elementary, middle, and high schools that are operated by a religious organization are commonly called parochial schools , though, in practice, the term is generally used to refer only to schools operated by the Catholic Church or mainline denominations;
1518-468: A large number of private schools and universities. In the United States , the term "state school" is colloquial for state university , a college, and a university in a state university system. It is also used by state governments in the names of juvenile prisons , and facilities for disabled people. Instead, the term "public school" is used for elementary, middle, and high schools funded or run by
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#17327980042291656-610: A mix of local provision , partnerships with institutions based elsewhere in Canada and international consortia . Indigenous nations in most provinces have education systems also provide First Nations-focused diplomas programs, with North American Aboriginal education bodies . In Quebec , the Diplôme d'études collégiales (diploma of college studies), taught at post-secondary collèges d'enseignement général et professionnel (colleges of general and professional education; cégeps ) can be
1794-670: A mosaic tile mural showing the glowing heads of four of America's assassinated leaders: Abraham Lincoln , Martin Luther King Jr., Robert Kennedy and John F. Kennedy . This was one of Bufano's last works before he died. Dudley C. Carter has three works at the CCSF Ocean Campus, including The Ram sometimes called Mountain Ram, Goddess of the Forest, and The Beast sculptures . Dudley had donated The Ram because he knew it
1932-416: A part of the free education. With the establishment of the provincial council system in the 1980s the central government handed control of most schools to local governments. However the old schools which had been around since the colonial times were retained by the central government, thus creating three types of government schools: National Schools, Provincial Schools, and Piriven. National Schools come under
2070-401: A pre-school class (mandatory since 2009), the 9-year obligatory course and a voluntary 11th year. It thus caters for pupils aged 6 to 17. It is also possible for parents to send their children to various kinds of private schools . These schools also receive government funding, although they are not public. In addition to this funding, these schools may charge a fee from the parents. England has
2208-559: A result of CCSF's rapid growth, the San Francisco Community College District divided the programs between a division for credit courses at the Ocean Campus and one other division for noncredit courses throughout locations in San Francisco. The two educational divisions merged as a single division in 1990 with program locations held at campuses of City College of San Francisco. Since the 1990s,
2346-479: A shorter time period to obtain than a bachelor or teaching degree (some of which may take between four and six years to complete), and it aims to provide highly specialized knowledge (e.g., agribusiness technical degree, tourism management degree, web development technical degree, etc.). Education in Canada is a provincial power: each province and territory regulates tertiary education and degree system in their jurisdictions, with pan-Canadian co-ordination in
2484-533: A state school or government school refers to a school that is state-controlled. These are officially called public schools according to the South African Schools Act of 1996, but it is a term that is not used colloquially. The Act recognised two categories of schools: public and independent. Independent schools include all private schools and schools that are privately governed. Independent schools with low tuition fees are state-aided and receive
2622-477: A strong state-funded school system. There are a number of categories of English state-funded schools including academy schools , community schools , faith schools , foundation schools , free schools , grammar schools , maths schools , studio schools, university technical colleges , state boarding schools and City Technology Colleges . About one third of English state-funded schools are faith schools ; i.e. affiliated with religious groups, most often from
2760-529: A subsidy on a sliding-scale. Traditional private schools that charge high fees receive no state subsidy. State schools are all state-owned, including section 21 schools, formerly referred to as "model C" or semi-private schools, that have a governing body and a degree of budget autonomy, as these are still fully owned and accountable to the state. Under the Canadian constitution , public-school education in Canada
2898-673: A transfer rate to four-year institutions of 62.7% and most students transfer to universities in the California State University and University of California systems. While the CSU doesn't offer a guaranteed admission program, 35–40% of CCSF's transfer students enroll in San Francisco State University . 7.1% of CCSF transfer students enroll in University of California, Berkeley , making it
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#17327980042293036-457: A two-year pre-university qualification that is a pre-requisite for entry into the bachelor's degree. However, because a bachelor's degree in Quebec takes 3 years to complete instead of 4 years, it can be thought as an articulation onto the second year of a standard North American bachelor's degree program. Quebec also has a three-year Cégep technical programme preparing students for employment. In
3174-810: Is "not unlikely" that people at Chicago knew of the associate degrees being awarded in the United Kingdom , but there is no direct evidence of this. Chicago discontinued its associate degrees in 1918. The associate degree spread across the US, with California College in Oakland (now the American Baptist Seminary of the West ) introducing Associate in Arts and Associate in Letters degrees in 1900, and
3312-507: Is a primary or secondary school that educates all students without charge. They are funded in whole or in part by taxation and operated by the government of the state. State-funded schools are global with each country showcasing distinct structures and curricula. Government-funded education spans from primary to secondary levels, covering ages 4 to 18. Alternatives to this system include homeschooling , private schools , charter schools , and other educational options. In South Africa ,
3450-615: Is a 12-year compulsory education program from the government. The Indonesian educational system is divided into three stages: Most students attend public schools through the lower secondary level, but private education is popular at the upper secondary and university levels. The first public education system on record was put in place during the Koryo Dynasty. The national school system was put in place under Hak-Je ( Korean : 학제 ; Hanja : 學制 ; lit. Education Policy) enacted by King Seong Jong, which
3588-504: Is a campus peer education group working to promote healthy relationships and end abuse and sexual violence. Intercollegiate athletics are offered for men and women. College teams compete in the CCCAA Coast Conference North Section. Intercollegiate sports include baseball, basketball, cross-country, football, soccer, softball, tennis, track, badminton, volleyball, and judo. These teams are all nicknamed
3726-473: Is a provincial responsibility and, as such, there are many variations among the provinces. Junior kindergarten or equivalent exists as an official program in Ontario and Quebec while kindergarten or equivalent is available in every province, but provincial funding and the level of hours provided varies widely. Starting at grade one, at about age six, there is universal Crown-funded access up to grade twelve, or
3864-683: Is a responsibility shared by the national government, the provinces and federal district and private institutions, though basic guidelines have historically been set by the Ministry of Education. Closely associated in Argentina with President Domingo Sarmiento 's assertion that "the sovereign should be educated." The word "sovereign" refers to the people. Education has been extended nearly universally and its maintenance remains central to political and cultural debate. Even though education at all levels, including universities, has always been free, there are
4002-419: Is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning. Technical education in state schools are introduced during the secondary school years and goes on into further education (FE) and higher education (HE). Further education incorporates vocational oriented education as well as a combination of general secondary education. Students can also go on to
4140-425: Is an exception to academic independence enabled by Education Code section 88137. College administrators do not have control of the hiring and placement of classified staff. Although it allows for benefit and seniority portability, CCSF classified staff are not paid at the same rate as their equivalent in other cities/county departments, so transfer to the college is effectively a demotion. City College of San Francisco
4278-558: Is an informational and advocacy resource center for lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender , gender queer , intersex , questioning , and straight allies. The Queer Resource Center aims to empower and celebrate its demographic as well as its community, part of which they have supported the addition of new queer studies classes and a new queer-focused associate degree in 2019. The center has participated in anti-violence, anti-homophobia, and anti-transphobia rallies and workshops. The center has struggled with funding although this has caught
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4416-521: Is appointed or elected to co-ordinate the state department of education, the state board of education, and the state legislature. Statewide education policies are disseminated to school districts or their equivalents. They are associated with counties, or with groups of counties, but their boundaries are not necessarily coterminous with county boundaries. The intermediate school districts encompass many local school districts. Local school districts operate with their own local boards, which oversee operations of
4554-484: Is called "Erhvervsakademiuddannelse". This is called an AP-Degree (Academy Professional Degree) in English. For many decades, a diploma comparable to an associate degree was considered a very adequate degree for those willing to work as qualified technicians. Yet as the general population spends an increasing amount of time studying, they are no longer as attractive to students who wish to distinguish themselves. In 2021,
4692-584: Is called an AP-Degree (Academy Professional Degree). See also: List of universities and colleges in Sweden . Business academies offer two-year academy profession programmes; some business academies also offer professional bachelor programmes, further adult education and diploma programmes. The title of Associate in Physical Science ( Associate in Science (ASc) from 1879) was introduced in 1865 by
4830-413: Is essentially a daycare facility. French secondary education is divided into two schools: The completion of secondary studies leads to the baccalauréat . The baccalauréat (also known as bac ) is the end-of- lycée diploma students sit for in order to enter university , a Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles , or professional life. The term baccalauréat refers to the diploma and
4968-497: Is focused on college level general education in disciplines such as Communications , English , History , Mathematics , Natural Science , and Social Science , and the second year is focused on the area of a student's major. Students who complete a vocational program can often earn a terminal associate degree such as the Associate of Applied Arts ( AAA ) or the Associate of Applied Science ( AAS ). Transfer admissions in
5106-520: Is increasingly common in which the elementary school contains kindergarten or 1st grade to 5th or 6th grade and the middle School contains 6th or 7th and 8th grade. In addition, some elementary schools are splitting into two levels, sometimes in separate buildings: elementary school (usually K–2) and intermediate (3–5). Some middle schools are different. The K–8 format is also an emerging popular concept in which students may attend only two schools for all of their K–12 education. Many charter schools feature
5244-585: Is located in an urban environment and has the associated crime rate. All campuses are maintained by the San Francisco Community College District Police Department (SFCCDPD). The SFCCDPD has twenty eight police officers and nine civilian employees. Although most colleges and universities have auxiliary foundations for fundraising, the foundation of City College's assets were frozen in 2010 for illegal use, leading to felony money laundering charges against
5382-441: Is mandatory as of age three. Primary education takes place in kindergarten ( école maternelle ) for children from 3 to 6 and ( école élémentaire ) from 6 to 11. For public schools, both schools building and administrative staff are managed by the borough's ( commune ) while professors are ( Education nationale ) civil servants. Some children even start earlier at age two in pré-maternelle or garderie class, which
5520-627: Is played against the College of San Mateo Football team. All of the CCSF Rams teams are based at the Ocean Campus. The home venue for baseball is Carter Field. Football and track and field use the George M. Rush Stadium . The Soccer Practice Field is north of the stadium. The Wellness Center, south of the stadium, houses staff offices, weight rooms, a swimming pool, locker rooms, classrooms, and an indoor gym. The north and south gyms were located east of
5658-609: Is provided to a large extent by the government, with control coming from state level, ( Länder ) and funding coming from two levels: federal and state. Curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through the respective state's ministry of education. Decisions about the acknowledgment of private schools (the German equivalent to accreditation in the US) are also made by these ministries. However, public schools are automatically recognised, since these schools are supervised directly by
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5796-632: Is set, and secure funding to make the project self supportive. Frederick Olmsted Jr.'s 1941 Theory and Science mural is located at CCSF's Ocean Campus in the Science Hall's west entrance. This is two 12′ x 8′ tempera fresco murals and depicts a range of careers in the sciences, featuring men, women and people of color doing things such as viewing bacteria through a microscope, conducting field research, and excavating dinosaur remains. Olmsted also created two large, limestone sculptures of Leonardo da Vinci and Thomas Edison heads that are on display in
5934-482: Is temporarily closed. The school offers courses in nine languages with full courses including American Sign Language , Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Russian, and Spanish. Degrees available for these language programs include an Associate of Arts degree (AA), an Associate of Arts for Transfer degree (AA-T) or a Certificate of Achievement in languages. The school also offers Cantonese language classes. In December 2021 there were budget cuts which threatened
6072-590: Is the Education Act of 1996. Education may be obtained from government-sponsored schools, private schools , or through homeschooling . By law, primary education is compulsory . As in other Asian countries such as Singapore and China, standardised tests are a common feature. Philippines has had a public education system since 1863 and is the oldest in Asia. It was created during the Spanish colonization of
6210-604: The série littéraire (L) focuses on French and foreign languages and philosophy . The Grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the mainstream framework of the public universities . They are generally focused on a single subject area, such as engineering , have a moderate size, and are often quite (sometimes extremely) selective in their admission of students. They are widely regarded as prestigious, and traditionally have produced most of France's scientists and executives . Education in Germany
6348-487: The San Francisco Chronicle in 2015, "the commission has never found wrongdoing or substandard instruction, but has said the college should lose accreditation because of tangled governance structures, poor fiscal controls and insufficient self-evaluation and reporting." In September 2012, the state chancellor's office warned that a special trustee would be appointed to oversee the institution's finances if
6486-462: The Associate of Arts and Associate of Science degrees, most of which meet the general education requirements for transfer to a four-year colleges and universities. In 2012, the college began experiencing significant public turmoil. On July 2, 2012, the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC), gave the college eight months to prove it should remain accredited and ordered it to "make preparations for closure". As summarized by
6624-688: The Church of England (approximately 2/3 of faith schools), or the Roman Catholic Church (around 3/10). There are also schools affiliated to other Christian churches; in 2011, there were 42 Jewish, 12 Muslim, 3 Sikh and 1 Hindu faith schools. These faith schools include sub-categories such as faith- academy schools , voluntary aided schools , and voluntary controlled schools : most voluntary controlled schools are faith schools. All of these are funded through national and local taxation. All state-funded schools in England are required to follow
6762-476: The Diplôme Universitaire de Technologie (DUT) was reframed as an intermediate degree part of a three-year curriculum now referred to as BUT. Prior to the reform of 2006, universities awarded a two-year diploma called DEUG, the purpose of which was also to help the student pursue studies in a field that differed from what was initially intended. The degree was considered a 'stepping stone' ahead of
6900-764: The Foundation degree (FdA, FdSc, FdEng), Certificate of Higher Education (CertHE) and Diploma of Higher Education (DipHE) in the United Kingdom, the Higher Certificate in the Republic of Ireland , and the French Diplôme universitaire de Technologie (DUT) and Brevet de Technicien supérieur (BTS). In Czech Republic one achieves the title DiS. "Diplomovaný specialista" (Certificated Specialist). A 2–2.5 year education on BA-level
7038-490: The National Curriculum , which is made up of twelve subjects. Every state school must offer a curriculum which is balanced and broadly based and which promotes the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society, and prepares pupils at the school for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of later life. For each of the statutory curriculum subjects,
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#17327980042297176-624: The Rams . City College of San Francisco football teams have won ten national championships. The 1994 CCSF Rams football team compiled a perfect 11–0 record and was ranked No. 1 nationally in the USA Today/National Community College Football Coaches Alliance Poll.compiled a perfect 11–0 record and were ranked No. 1 nationally in the USA Today/National Community College Football Coaches Alliance Poll. The annual rivalry football game
7314-908: The San Francisco Board of Education of the necessity of a junior college in Depression-era San Francisco and of the District's financial ability to form one. Cloud's presentation of fiscal studies in 1934 convinced the Board of the availability of Federal and State funding for a junior college. City College of San Francisco was established by the Board of Education of the San Francisco Unified School District on February 15, 1934, and officially opened on August 26, 1935, as San Francisco Junior College . The college had no central campus at
7452-643: The Secretary of State for Education is required to set out a Programme of Study which outlines the content and matters which must be taught in those subjects at the relevant Key Stages. Teachers should set high expectations for every pupil. They should plan stretching work for pupils whose attainment is significantly above the expected standard. Teachers should use appropriate assessment to set targets which are deliberately ambitious. A high number of state-funded secondary schools are specialist schools , receiving extra funding to develop one or more subjects in which
7590-471: The University of Durham College of Physical Sciences (now Newcastle University ) and awarded from 1873. It required (in 1884) passes in three of mathematics, physics, chemistry and geology, and allowed students to go on to take the examination for the Bachelor of Science. As a university-level qualification lying below the bachelor's degree, this is considered to be the world's first associate degree in
7728-482: The University of Oxford in 1857 and sometimes referred to as the degree of Associate in Arts, predates the Durham degree. However, it was an examination for "those who are not members of the university" and who were under the age of 18; as such it was at the level of a high school qualification rather than a modern associate degree. Examinations were held in English, languages, mathematics, science, drawing and music, with
7866-452: The states are also referred to as "public". However, unlike public high schools, public universities usually charge tuition, but fees are usually much lower than those charged by private universities , particularly for students who meet in-state residency criteria. Community colleges , state colleges , and state universities are examples of public institutions of higher education. In particular, many state universities are regarded as among
8004-530: The Artistic Expression of the North and South of this Continent ) but now commonly called Pan American Unity. There are three self-portraits and a portrait on his wife, artist Frida Kahlo within this mural. As of 2014, City College is in the process of supporting The Diego Rivera Mural Project, with goals to return the mural to the position of public importance, stabilize the environment in which it
8142-550: The British Framework for Higher Education Qualifications . Australian associate degrees, however, are considered equivalent to two-year higher education courses such as the Higher National Diploma at level 5 on the framework. In Hong Kong, associate degrees were first introduced in 2000 with the aim of increasing the number of students with post-secondary qualifications. As originally introduced,
8280-457: The City of San Francisco began offering free tuition at CCSF for San Francisco city residents in a two year pilot program called “Free City College”. The money for the free tuition was raised from Proposition W, a transfer of properties tax on property sold over $ 5 million. By Fall 2017, student enrollment was increased by 16% (4,900 students). However, a financial audit in 2019 showed that the college
8418-740: The Diego Rivera Theater at City College of San Francisco. The artist who carved the replica was Ignacio Perez Solano, also known as “il Maestro.” This is only one of five Olmec head reproductions in the United States. The Olmecs are viewed by some as the "mother culture" of Mexico. Two 50′ x 45′ low-relief polished marble mosaics by the Swiss-born artist Herman Volz are located in the south portico of San Francisco City College's Science Hall, located on Ocean Campus. The murals are named Organic and Inorganic Science . The imagery of
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#17327980042298556-496: The Fitness Center, nationally ranked intercollegiate sports, and participate in the college's award-winning intercollegiate Speech and Debate Program. The Guardsman is the college's student-run newspaper . CCSF's journalism students also publish Etc. Magazine. The Free Critic was an alternative paper. Currently, there is a Queer Alliance student group and a Queer Resource Center on campus. The Queer Resource Center
8694-600: The Guns of 1968 stands at San Francisco City College in front of the Science Building. It is a statue of Saint Francis of Assisi —San Francisco's namesake—made from melted-down guns mixed with bronze to prevent rust from the city's dampness; this work was inspired by that year's assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy . The sculpture is of a 9-ft tall figure of a robed Catholic saint, his arms spread in peaceful greeting. On his robe, Bufano created
8832-623: The HNC and HND, students who are interested in other vocational qualifications may pursue a foundation degree , which is a qualification that trains students to be highly skilled technicians. The National Apprenticeship Service also offers vocational education where people at ages of 16 and older enter apprenticeships in order to learn a skilled trade . There are over 60 different certifications can be obtained through an apprenticeship, which typically lasts from to 3 years. Trades apprentices receive paid wages during training and spend one day at school and
8970-497: The K-8 format in which all elementary grades are housed in one section of the school, and the traditional junior high school students are housed in another section of the school. Some very small school districts, primarily in rural areas, still maintain a K–12 system in which all students are housed in a single school. A few 7–12 schools also exist. In the United States, institutions of higher education that are operated and subsidised by
9108-902: The Lewis Institute in Chicago (now part of the Illinois Institute of Technology ) introducing Associate in Literature and Associate in Science degrees in 1901 (both replaced by the Associate in Arts in 1904) followed by the Associate in Domestic Economy degree in 1908. Associate degrees were not always two-year sub-bachelor's awards in the early 20th century: Harvard University and associated colleges awarded Associate in Arts degrees to students who had passed university extension courses "equal in number and standard to
9246-497: The Ministry of Education. The Danish school system is supported today by tax-based governmental and municipal funding from day care through primary and secondary education to higher education and there are no tuition fees for regular students in public schools and universities . The Danish public primary schools , covering the entire period of compulsory education, are called folkeskoler (literally 'people's schools' or 'public schools'). The folkeskole consists of
9384-894: The National Board Curriculum. Many children, especially girls, drop out of school after completing the 5th Year in remote areas. In larger cities such as Dhaka and Chittagong , however, this is fairly uncommon. Many good public schools conduct an entrance exam, although most public schools in the villages and small towns usually do not. Public schools are often the only option for parents and children in rural areas, but there are large numbers of private schools in Dhaka and Chittagong. Many Bangladeshi private schools teach their students in English and follow curricula from overseas, but in public schools lessons are taught in Bengali . In China, state schools are funded and administered by
9522-552: The Ocean Campus middle courtyard. The giant Leonardo da Vinci and Thomas Edison heads were created in 1940 as part of the Golden Gate International Exposition 's Art in Action exhibition and later given to CCSF for care and display. Beniamino Bufano was a California-based Italian American sculptor, best known for his large-scale monuments representing peace. Bufano's sculpture Saint Francis of
9660-427: The Ocean Campus. Diego Rivera 's work Pan American Unity , originally created for the Golden Gate International Exposition in 1940, has been displayed at the theater at the Ocean Campus of San Francisco City College since 1961. This large mural stands, 22' high and 74' long made up of 5 panels. The mural was entitled by Rivera, “Unión de la Expresión Artistica del Norte y Sur de este Continente” ( The Marriage of
9798-563: The Ocean/Phelan Avenue site. Instruction began on September 4, 1935, with morning classes held at the University of California Extension Division building on Powell Street and afternoon classes at Galileo High School with students moving between sites using the trolley system at the time. As the student population grew, classes became available at other sites across San Francisco at a variety of sites. As Juila Bergman writes in
9936-506: The US in 1898. In the United States, the associate degree may allow transfer into the third year of a bachelor's degree. Associate degrees have since been introduced in a small number of other countries. In Argentina, tertiary colleges ("institutos terciarios") offer associate degrees in a variety of areas, including elementary and high school teacher, and technical fields, upon completion of three or four years of study. Some of these degrees may be articulated with university programs, to obtain
10074-460: The United States sometimes allows courses taken and credits earned on an AA or AS to be counted toward a bachelor's degree more commonly through articulation or transfer credit agreements but sometimes through recognition of prior learning , depending on the courses taken, applicable state laws/regulations, and the transfer requirements of the university. Common associate-level degree titles include: The Student Transfer Achievement Reform Act
10212-465: The United States, 88% of students attend public schools, compared with 9% who attend parochial schools , 1% who attend private independent schools , and 2% who are homeschooled . Public school is normally split up into three stages: elementary school ( kindergarten to 5th or 6th grade), middle ("intermediate" or junior high school) from 5th, 6th, or 7th grade to 8th or 9th grade, and high school (9th or 10th to 12th grade). The middle school format
10350-473: The United States, associate degrees are awarded after completion of sixty semester or ninety quarter college credits. The two most commonly awarded associate degrees are the Associate in/of Arts ( AA ) and Associate in/of Science ( AS ) degrees. AA degrees are awarded in the liberal arts , humanities , and social science fields; AS degrees are awarded in the natural science , applied science , and formal science fields. Generally, one year of study
10488-513: The United States. At the Ocean Campus, students and staff in the department operate the school's cafeteria , City Streets, a quick-service outlet in the cafeteria featuring international cuisines, and Chef's Table, a fine dining restaurant. At the Downtown Center, students and staff currently run Educated Palate Cafe, a pop-up bakeshop. Educated Palate was fine-dining restaurant at the center that served American cuisine. The restaurant
10626-507: The United States. Free non-credit courses in subjects such as ESL and citizenship as well as adult education classes are also provided. The founding of a junior college in San Francisco had long been the dream of Archibald Jeter Cloud, the Chief Deputy Superintendent of the San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD). In response to Black Tuesday and the ensuing Great Depression , Cloud worked to convince
10764-713: The West Indies. They are offered by regional organisations such as the Caribbean Examinations Council and the University of the West Indies , and at institutions of higher education in particular, within The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados , Jamaica , and St. Kitts and Nevis , among others. In 2004, Australia added "associate degree" to the Australian Qualifications Framework . This title
10902-484: The additional fees. Some parents appreciate the idea as they may send their children to good schools even though they may not be academically qualified, while others believe that it is not fair for someone who has a background of poverty. The public spending on schools in China has been uneven due to insufficient investment in education. This condition is in favor of urban schools and it is promoted by past policies such as
11040-584: The age of sixteen in most provinces, while students in Ontario and New Brunswick must attend schools until the age of 18. Some Canadian provinces offer segregated-by-religious-choice, but nonetheless Crown-funded and Crown-regulated, religiously based education. In Ontario, for example, Roman Catholic schools are known as "Catholic Schools" or "Separate Schools", not "Public Schools", although these are, by definition, no less "public" than their secular counterparts. In some countries, such as Brazil and Mexico ,
11178-658: The attention of politicians, notably the Green Party , whose candidate for board of trustees John Rizzo promised in 2006 funds for more LGBT studies and the Queer Resource Center. On campus, there are numerous student activity groups, gender-specific courses, and health services. For example, the Women's Resource Center and Library (Smith Hall, 103–104) offers women on campus an opportunity to network with academic support services and resources, and Project Survive
11316-665: The best institutions of higher education in the US but usually are surpassed in ranking by certain private universities and colleges, such as those of the Ivy League , which are often very expensive and extremely selective in the students they accept. In several states, the administrations of public universities are elected via the general electoral ballot. Public or Government-funded schools are found throughout Bangladesh . They are referred to as 'Government High School'. These schools mostly teach students from Year 1 to 10, with examination for students in year 10. All public schools follow
11454-516: The book City College of San Francisco , "Thus, in a real sense, the history of the college is a history of San Francisco and its transportation system." Today, CCSF provides courses at Ocean Campus and five satellite locations around San Francisco. They are commonly called "campuses," but are officially "academic centers" in the state-approved framework of the California Community Colleges System, having less than
11592-593: The city. The Ocean Avenue campus, bordering the Sunnyside , Westwood Park and Ingleside neighborhoods, is the college's largest location. The college has five other locations around the city. CCSF offers Associate degree programs and certificate programs. City College of San Francisco has articulation agreements with the California State University system, the University of California system, and other private and public universities in California and across
11730-535: The college did not voluntarily invite one; the board of trustees voted to invite a special trustee, despite student protests and objection. A report issued by California's Fiscal Crisis & Management Assistance team in September 2012 found the institution to be in a "perilous financial position" caused largely by "poor decisions and a lack of accountability. In July 2013, the ACCJC elected to take action to terminate
11868-430: The college has significantly renovated and expanded its locations and developed new buildings and facilities throughout San Francisco. Since its founding in 1935, City College has evolved into a multicultural, multi-campus community college that is one of the largest in the country. CCSF offers courses in more than 50 academic programs and over 100 occupational disciplines. There is a full range of credit courses leading to
12006-475: The college's accreditation for seven years. It operates with approximately $ 22M annual Stabilization funding from the California legislature which will expire in 2021. For the 2017/18 Fiscal year, the Board of Trustees approved a $ 49M Deficit budget. After the accreditation crisis in 2012, CCSF was having low student enrollment issues. In the years that followed the crisis, student enrollment went from 90,000 students down to 60,000 students by 2017. In February 2017,
12144-456: The college's accreditation, subject to a one-year review and appeal period. The decision was based on a variety of deficiencies in standards. A Fiscal Crisis and Management Assistance Team report was expected to be released by the end of July 2013. Nearly two months later, San Francisco city attorney Dennis Herrera filed two legal challenges to stop the ACCJC from revoking City College of San Francisco's accreditation alleging conflicts of interest,
12282-444: The college's chancellor. The Foundation subsequently made a break from the college, and today, the college has a quasi-endowment of a little over $ 1M that it does not control. City College of San Francisco offers 16 Associate of Arts degree programs, 34 Associate Degree for Transfer programs, and 47 Associate of Science programs. In addition, CCSF also offers 108 certificate programs, including eight that are not for credit. CCSF has
12420-479: The completion of a bachelor's degree. Aside from the Brevet de Technicien Supérieur (BTS) which remains relevant in many fields for which long academic studies are not deemed crucial and for which young professionals are in demand, degrees comparable to an associate degree are gradually being phased out, although their legitimacy remains in theory (but not always in practice ) unchanged for those who were awarded one in
12558-488: The courses required of a resident student for the degree of Bachelor of Arts" from 1910 to 1933. By 1918, 23% of junior colleges were awarding Associate in Arts degrees. By 1941–42, 40% of junior colleges awarded some form of associate degree, and by 1960 this had grown to 75%, with 137 different associate degrees in use. Over a third of associate degrees awarded in the US in 1958–59 were granted by Californian junior colleges. Two year associate degrees are found throughout
12696-520: The direct control of the Ministry of Education therefore have direct funding from the ministry. Provincial Schools consists of the vast majority of schools in Sri Lanka which are funded and controlled by the local governments. Piriven are monastic college (similar to a seminary) for the education of Buddhist priests. These have been the centres of secondary and higher education in ancient times for lay people as well. Today these are funded and maintained by
12834-422: The early art on CCSF campus was due to the work of Timothy L. Pflueger , the architect in charge of designing CCSF in the 1930s. Pflueger was on a committee of well-known Beaux-Arts architects organizing and designing the Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE). In 1940, he organized Art in Action , an exhibit showcasing work by multiple artists. Many of these pieces from GGIE are now permanently housed at
12972-444: The education sector within the government. Although some, especially high schools, have started to charge a fair portion of parents of students an additional tuition fee, due to the increased places offered by the schools in recent years. Top state schools are often very selective, however. Students who miss their entrance requirement may still gain places if they meet a relatively lower requirement and their parents are willing to pay for
13110-619: The equivalent. Schools are generally divided into elementary schools (kindergarten to Grade 8) and high schools (Grades 9 to 12). However, in many areas, middle schools are also provided and in some schools, particularly in rural areas, the elementary and middle levels can be combined into one school. In 2003, Grade 13, also known as the Ontario Academic Credit or "OAC" year, was eliminated in Ontario; it had previously been required only for students who intended to go on to university. Children are required to attend school until
13248-510: The examinations themselves. It is comparable to British A-Levels , American SATs , the Irish Leaving Certificate and German Abitur . Most students sit for the baccalauréat général which is divided into three streams of study, called séries . The série scientifique (S) is concerned with mathematics and natural sciences , the série économique et sociale (ES) with economics and social sciences , and
13386-410: The exception of kindergarten. All aspects of public education are the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, which executes administration of schools, allocation of funding, certification of teachers and schools, and curriculum development with standardised textbooks across the country. In 2000, South Korea spent 4.2% of its GDP in education. As of the 2007 United Nations Education Index, South Korea
13524-546: The federal government authority to regulate education. However, any public or private school that accepts educational funding from the federal government, including participation in collegiate federal financial aid programs such as Pell Grants and Stafford Loans by accepting the funds or participating in a particular federal program, is subject to federal jurisdiction as a result of that participation. The U.S. Department of Education , based in Washington, D.C. , supervises
13662-415: The first known national public schools called Ju-Hak ( Korean : 주학 ; Hanja : 州學 ) were opened in each Ju and Gun, states and counties, to improve nationwide academic performances. After the ceasefire agreement for the civil war was declared, north and south states of Korea established their own education system. In South Korea , education in public schools (1–12) is compulsory with
13800-489: The goal of developing first-class education in a limited number of schools in a short period of time. The key school system was canceled by the 2006 amendment to the Compulsory Education Law, along with the introduction of reforms that address education inequality. In Hong Kong the term government schools is used for free schools funded by the government. There are also subsidised schools, which are
13938-692: The individual schools within their jurisdiction. In most states, the county or regional intermediate school districts merely implement state education policy and provide the channels through which a local district communicates with a state board of education, state superintendent, and department of education. They do not establish county or regional policies of their own. Local school districts are administered by local school boards , which operate public elementary and high schools within their boundaries. Public schools are often funded by local taxpayers, and most school boards are elected. However, some states have adopted new funding models that are not dependent upon
14076-585: The islands and mandated the establishment of a school for boys and a school for girls in every municipality. The modern public schools in the Philippines are run by the Department of Education . Some public schools collect miscellaneous school fees to fund school extra-curricular activities or to improve school equipment and services. Most of the schools in Sri Lanka are maintained by the government as
14214-496: The local economy. Public schools are provided mainly by local governments. Curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards by jurisdiction over school districts. The school districts are special-purpose districts authorised by provisions of state law. Generally, state governments set minimum standards relating to almost all activities of elementary and high schools, as well as funding and authorisation to enact local school taxes to support
14352-782: The major traits of the continental European system; free public schools are available from kindergarten up to postgraduate degrees, both as a right established in Article 6, caput of the Brazilian Constitution and as a duty of the State in Article 208, Items I, IV, and V, of the Brazilian Constitution. In 2001, Brazil added tecnólogo ('technologist') as a form of undergraduate degree ( graduação ). A technologist's degree varies between two and three years of full time studies to complete. This degree takes
14490-521: The majority in Hong Kong and many of which are run by religious organisations, Direct Subsidy Scheme schools, private schools and international schools in Hong Kong. Some schools are international schools, which are not subsidised by the government. During British rule, a number of state higher education establishments were set up (such as Universities in Chennai , Kolkata , and Mumbai ), but little
14628-519: The mandate for rural public schools to have a higher student-to-teacher ratio. The inequality of resources is exacerbated by the way public schools in urban areas enjoy more support since local governments have more developed economies. Aside from the disparity between urban and rural public schools, there was also the dichotomized system adopted since 1978, which divided schools into two groups: key schools ( zhongdianxiao ) and non-key schools ( putongxiao ). Key schools receive more funding due to
14766-486: The ministry of education bureaucracy. Associate of Arts An associate degree or associate's degree is an undergraduate degree awarded after a course of post-secondary study lasting two to three years. It is a level of academic qualification above a high school diploma and below a bachelor's degree . The first associate degrees were awarded in the UK (where they are no longer awarded) in 1873 before spreading to
14904-802: The modern sense, having been first awarded 25 years prior to the introduction of associate degrees into the US by the University of Chicago . The ASc was withdrawn in 1904. Durham also introduced an Associate in Theology (ATh) in 1901, which was only offered in 1901 and 1902. Yorkshire College (now the University of Leeds ) offered Associate in Engineering and Associate in Coal Mining degrees from 1877 and there were thirteen different types of associate degrees offered in British universities in 1927. The title of Associate in Arts , introduced by
15042-457: The mosaics represent fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics with text accompanying the mural that reads ‘ Give me a base and I move the world. ’ These murals were originally part of the Golden Gate International Exposition ’s Art in Action show in 1940 on Treasure Island before they were moved to the college. The two mosaics took two years to install with a staff of eight workmen, Juan Breda served as assistant mosaicist for
15180-631: The past. See: IEK In the Netherlands, there were four pilots between 2005 and 2011 to assess the added value of the associate degree. In 2007 the associate degree was added to the Dutch system of higher education within the Higher Professional Education ( HBO ) stream taught at universities of applied sciences ( hogeschool ). Associate degree courses form part of HBO bachelor's degree courses, and advising requirements are
15318-718: The project. The murals were restored in 2005. The Student Activities Office provides resources, support and leadership training for eight Associated Students Councils and more than 80 clubs and student organizations. It sponsors a wide variety of concerts and lectures throughout the year. It funds the Book Loan Program, Dr. Betty Shabazz Family Resource Center, Multi-Cultural Resource Center, Queer Resource Center, Student Health, Students Supporting Students mentoring program, and Women's Resource Center. Performances given by students in music, dance, and theater arts further enhance campus life. Students can also avail themselves of
15456-593: The qualification took two or three years, but this was reformed in 2012 to a two-year course. The associate degree is designed as a general academic education qualification, compared to the more vocational Diploma/Higher/Advanced Diploma (Qualifications Frameworks Level 4), and allows articulation onto the third year of a four-year (US-style) bachelor's degree or the second year of a three-year (British-style) bachelor's degree. A survey in 2016 showed that most students believe associate degrees will help them to get onto bachelor's degree courses, but not (by themselves) in gaining
15594-417: The range of educational facilities and services offered at a typical community college campus. Courses are also offered online and are available to all residents of California. Source: The Airport Center closed in 2020, following the expiration of CCSF's lease at SFO. The other centers are grandfathered but would not have been permitted to open under the 2012 California Community College guidelines. Most of
15732-513: The rest in the workplace to hone their skills. Grammar schools may be run by the local authority , a foundation body or an academy trust. They select their pupils based on academic ability. The original purpose of medieval grammar schools was the teaching of Latin. Over time the curriculum was broadened, first to include Ancient Greek , and later English and other European languages, natural sciences, mathematics, history, geography, art and other subjects. In some localities children can enter
15870-548: The role of the federal government in education. Direct regulation of public, private, and parochial schools is done by state and territorial governments; schools in Washington, D.C., are regulated by the Government of the District of Columbia . Regulation of public schools is typically accomplished through a state education agency and a state department of education. There is usually a state superintendent of schools , who
16008-501: The same for the two-year associate degree and the related four-year bachelor's degree. Those gaining the associate degree may proceed to an HBO bachelor's degree in only two years, but it does not articulate to bachelor's degrees in the research-oriented ( WO ) stream. A two-year education on BA-level is called Høgskolekandidat , translated "university college graduate". Only a few professions require 120 ECTS , e.g. piano tuner , driving instructor . A 2–2.5 year education on BA-level
16146-454: The school specialises, such as Cirencester Deer Park School which currently has 5 specialisms. State schools may request payment from parents for extracurricular activities such as swimming lessons and field trips, provided these charges are voluntary. Comprehensive schools typically describe secondary schools for pupils aged approximately 11–18, that do not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, in contrast to
16284-680: The schools, primarily through real property taxes. The federal government funds aid to states and school districts that meet minimum federal standards. School accreditation decisions are made by voluntary regional associations. The first free public school in America was the Syms-Eaton Academy (1634) in Hampton, Virginia , and the first tax-supported public school in America was in Dedham, Massachusetts , founded by Rev. Ralph Wheelock . In
16422-469: The second most common transfer destination. UC Davis, UC Irvine, UC Merced, UC Riverside, UC Santa Barbara, and UC Santa Cruz offer Transfer Guaranteed Admission contracts to CCSF students. CCSF consists of eight schools that are divided into departments. The Department of Culinary Arts and Hospitality Studies was founded in 1936 as the Hotel and Restaurant Department and was the oldest hospitality program in
16560-420: The stadium but were replaced with bungalows and a parking lot. Tennis courts are further east. This is a list of notable alumni from City College of San Francisco, listed in alphabetical order by last name. This is a list of notable faculty from City College of San Francisco, listed in alphabetical order by last name. State school#United States A state school , public school , or government school
16698-476: The state legislature, local property taxes, student tuition and fees, lottery funds, sales tax funds, and miscellaneous sources. Unique to California Community Colleges, CCSF support staff are pooled in the County of San Francisco's Civil Service system, so they may transfer between the community college and other City/County of San Francisco departments and participate in the City and County's benefit programs. This
16836-650: The status of the program. Alan Wong, a member of the CCSF board, stated that since the Cantonese class does not result in a certificate, the class was in jeopardy. At least two "Save Cantonese" campaigns were created to save the language classes. Ultimately the school's Cantonese program remained. CCSF officially opened in 1935, during the Depression era, at the Industrial school, a school for juvenile delinquents, at
16974-577: The term "Christian school" is generally used to refer to schools operated by Evangelical, Pentecostal, Charismatic, or fundamentalist Christian churches. The role of the U.S. federal government in education is limited and indirect. Direct control of education is a power reserved to the states under the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution because the U.S. Constitution does not explicitly or implicitly give
17112-803: The term public schools ( escuelas públicas in Spanish , escolas públicas in Portuguese ) is used for educational institutions owned by the federal, state, or city governments which do not charge tuition. Such schools exist in all levels of education, from the very beginning through post-secondary studies. Mexico has nine years of free and compulsory primary and secondary education. Panama has 11 years of compulsory education, from pre-kindergarten to 9th grade, with children first entering at four or five years old and parents are required by law to give financial support to their children until they are 25 years old if they are studying. Education in Argentina
17250-508: The time. Instruction began on September 4, 1935, with morning classes held at the University of California Extension building on Powell Street and afternoon classes held at Galileo High School . The long distance between the two locations gave the college the nickname "Trolley Car College." Increasing enrollment gave way to the college's expansion to Lick-Wilmerding High School , Samuel Gompers Trade School, Marina Junior High School, and other locations. A permanent main campus near Ocean Avenue
17388-546: The title being conferred on those students who passed any two (as long as the two were not drawing and music). British equivalents to associate degrees vary depending on the national system which issued them. Based on assessment by the UK NARIC , American and Canadian associate degrees are considered equivalent to one year higher education courses such as the Higher National Certificate at level 4 of
17526-640: The world. Western education became ingrained into Indian society with the establishment of the British Raj. Education in Indonesia is overseen by two government ministries: the Ministry of Education and Culture for all education matters up to the tertiary education, and the Ministry of Religious Affairs for Islamic school matters up to the tertiary education. Education may be obtained from state schools, private schools , or through homeschooling . There
17664-624: Was approved by the San Francisco Board of Education in 1937 and opened in 1940 with the opening of Science Hall. In February 1948, the name was changed to City College of San Francisco. It now consists of eleven campuses, the Ocean Campus being the primary one. In 1970, the college separated from the San Francisco Unified School District. The college continued to hold noncredit education programs throughout San Francisco's neighborhoods. However, as
17802-484: Was done by the British in terms of primary and secondary schooling. Other indigenous forms of education are being revived in various ways across India. According to current estimates, 80% of all Indian schools are government schools making the government the major provider of education. However, because of the poor quality of public education, 27% of Indian children are privately educated. According to some research, private schools often provide superior educational results at
17940-632: Was established in 1891 with four groups of colleges – liberal arts, literature, science, and practical arts (later commerce and administration). These were subdivided into 'junior' (or 'academic') and 'senior' (or 'university') colleges. Bachelor's degrees were awarded by the senior colleges, and certificates were initially awarded by the junior colleges. In 1899 the board of trustees voted to replace these certificates with associate degrees (Associate in Arts, Associate in Literature, and Associate in Science), which were first awarded in 1900. Eells concludes that it
18078-559: Was given to courses more academically focused than advanced diploma courses, and typically designed to articulate to bachelor's degree courses. Qualifications on the short cycle of the Bologna Process /level 5 on the European Qualifications Framework sit between secondary education and bachelor's degree level and are thus approximately equivalent to an associate degree. Such qualifications include
18216-540: Was modelled after the public education systems of the Song and Tang Dynasties in China. Hak-Je involved operating national universities, called Gukjagam in the capital and called HyangAk in other regions. In King SeongJong Year 6, 987 A.D., a pair of a medical doctor and a scholarly doctor were appointed to administer academic systems and curriculums at Hyang-Ak: scholarly education included subjects of geography, history, math, law, and others. In King SeongJong Year 11, 992 A.D.,
18354-502: Was ranked eighth in the world. Education in Malaysia is overseen by two government ministries: the Ministry of Education for matters up to the secondary level, and the Ministry of Higher Education for tertiary education. Although education is the responsibility of the federal government, each state has an Education Department to help co-ordinate educational matters in their respective states. The main legislation governing education
18492-418: Was restored by Carter with use of a pick axe and its original, natural redwood. Currently located in the lobby of Conlan Hall, on the Ocean Campus. The Goddess of the Forest is another redwood sculpture created during GGIE, it is very large standing at 26 feet tall and had a girth at the base of 21 feet. For years this piece was located at Golden Gate Park, until 1986 when it began to show distress and decay. It
18630-419: Was signed into legislation on September 29, 2010, which is legislation that grants any California Community College student who has earned the Associate in Arts degree for Transfer (AA-T) or the Associate in Science degree for Transfer (AS-T) priority admission to CSU ( California State University ) into a similar baccalaureate (BA) degree program with a guarantee of junior standing. The University of Chicago
18768-649: Was still in dire straits with deficits for at least three years and nearly $ 14 million more in spending than revenue during the previous fiscal year. CCSF is part of the San Francisco Community College District which is independent and co-extensive with the City and County of San Francisco and part of the California Community Colleges System . The district's board of trustees is elected by San Francisco residents. District funds are allocated from
18906-575: Was the school mascot and it had been part of the Golden Gate International Exposition's Arts in Action exhibition. The Ram sculpture stood outside on the campus periodically changing locations from time to time, students would coat it in paint with campus colors red and white. Sometimes rival schools would repaint The Ram in their own school colors. By 1980 The Ram had many layers of paint and damage and in Spring of 1983 it
19044-416: Was then moved to CCSF to an indoor location awaiting restoration. In 2004, the then-Governor of Veracruz, Mexico , Miguel Alemán Velazco, presented CCSF with a reproduction of an Olmec colossal head in honor of the new Pan-American Center. The gift, a 14-ton, 9-foot tall replica of “El Rey” (The King) San Lorenzo #1 created in volcanic tuff is now the centerpiece of the proposed Frida Kahlo Garden next to
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