The CIA Museum , administered by the Center for the Study of Intelligence , a department of the Central Intelligence Agency , is a national archive for the collection, preservation, documentation and exhibition of intelligence artifacts , culture , and history . The collection, which in 2005 numbered 3,500 items, consists of artifacts that have been declassified; however, since the museum is on the compound of the George Bush Center for Intelligence , it is not accessible to the public.
33-571: Since the museum cannot be visited by the public, the CIA Museum has partnerships with Presidential Libraries and other major museums and institutions to develop public exhibitions dedicated to understanding the craft of intelligence and its role in the broader American experience. The CIA Museum has counterparts at other agencies in the United States Intelligence Community . The National Cryptologic Museum (which
66-583: A covert camera inside a cigarette packet, a pigeon with its own spy-camera and even an exploding martini glass." As of 2017, The CIA Museum maintains three exhibits of important historical intelligence artifacts at CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia . Dedicated in June 2002 to commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the Office of Strategic Services, the CIA Museum's North Gallery houses an exhibit devoted to preserving
99-407: A single constitution. Alexander Hamilton wrote: “If a well-regulated militia be the most natural defense of a free country, it ought certainly to be under the regulation and at the disposal of that body which is constituted the guardian of the national security.” U.S. National Security organization has remained essentially stable since July 26, 1947, when U.S. President Harry S. Truman signed
132-718: A whole would include 854,000 people holding top-secret clearances . The term Intelligence Community was first used during LTG Walter Bedell Smith 's tenure as Director of Central Intelligence (1950–1953). Intelligence is information that agencies collect, analyze, and distribute in response to government leaders' questions and requirements. Intelligence is a broad term that may entail for example: Collection, analysis, and production of sensitive information to support national security leaders, including policymakers, military commanders, and members of Congress. Safeguarding these processes and this information through counterintelligence activities. Execution of covert operations approved by
165-568: Is a group of separate U.S. federal government intelligence agencies and subordinate organizations that work both separately and collectively to conduct intelligence activities which support the foreign policy and national security interests of the United States. Member organizations of the IC include intelligence agencies , military intelligence , and civilian intelligence and analysis offices within federal executive departments . The IC
198-500: Is focused on its history as a federal law enforcement, counterintelligence, and counter-terrorism organization. The CIA Museum's scope of collection includes material associated with all activities of the CIA's predecessor, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), material associated with activities of foreign intelligence organizations, and material associated with the history and mission of
231-525: Is open to the public in Annapolis Junction, Maryland ) is the NSA counterpart to the CIA Museum and focuses on cryptology as opposed to human intelligence . The DIA Museum (Defense Intelligence Agency) is not public, is housed at its headquarters and focuses on the history of military intelligence and DIA's role. The FBI Museum housed at its headquarters is also off-limits to the public, and
264-483: Is overseen by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), which is headed by the director of national intelligence (DNI) who reports directly to the president of the United States . The IC was established by Executive Order 12333 ("United States Intelligence Activities"), signed on December 4, 1981, by President Ronald Reagan . The statutory definition of the IC, including its roster of agencies,
297-568: The Central Intelligence Agency . Articles in the Museum Collection include clothing, equipment , weapons , memorabilia , and insignia designed, manufactured, or used by intelligence organizations historically and presently. The Collection also includes unique items such as weapons, clothing, and equipment developed specifically through research and development, or manufactured by units or individuals to further
330-554: The FBI to a limited extent, fulfilled its role. The IC is headed by the director of national intelligence (DNI), whose statutory leadership is exercised through the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), and is counted as one of its 17 constituent agencies. The other members of the IC are: The IC performs under two separate programs: Since the definitions of the NIP and MIP overlap when they address military intelligence ,
363-591: The Federation of American Scientists , which provides analyses of national security issues, stated that "It was a titanic struggle just to get the top-line budget number disclosed, and that has only been done consistently since 2007 ... but a real grasp of the structure and operations of the intelligence bureaucracy has been totally beyond public reach. This kind of material, even on a historical basis, has simply not been available." Access to budget details will enable an informed public debate on intelligence spending for
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#1732794120531396-820: The Joint Intelligence Community Council , the Office of the Inspector General , and the Office of Management and Budget . Primary congressional oversight jurisdiction over the IC is assigned to two committees : the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence . The House Armed Services Committee and Senate Armed Services Committee draft bills to annually authorize
429-605: The National Security Act of 1947 . Together with its 1949 amendment, this act: After 9/11 , the passage of the USA Patriot Act provoked debate about the alleged restriction of individual rights and freedoms for the sake of U.S. national security. The easing of warrant requirements for intelligence surveillance, under Title II of the Act, spurred the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy . In August 2008,
462-543: The United States is a collective term encompassing the policies of both U.S. national defense and foreign relations . Measures taken to ensure U.S. national security include: The phrase “national security” entered U.S. political discourse as early as the Constitutional Convention . The Federalists argued that civilian control of the military required a strong central government under
495-606: The procurement of technology and services (including analysis), according to the May 2007 chart from the ODNI. Intelligence spending has increased by a third over ten years ago, in inflation -adjusted dollars, according to the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments . In a statement on the release of new declassified figures, DNI Mike McConnell said there would be no additional disclosures of classified budget information beyond
528-667: The 2005 National Intelligence Strategy . The United States intelligence budget (excluding the Military Intelligence Program) in fiscal year 2022 was appropriated as $ 65.7 billion, an increase of $ 3.4 billion from the $ 62.3 billion requested and up from $ 60.8 billion in fiscal year 2021. The total budget of the National Intelligence Program has been public since 2007, due to the Implementing Recommendations of
561-661: The 7,000 clandestine espionage artifacts from the United States , the former Soviet Union , and East Germany , which form the world's largest private collection of spy gear. "Analysis Informing American Policy" , located in the Fine Arts Exhibit Hall, celebrates the 50th anniversary of the creation of the CIAs predecessor, the Directorate of Intelligence (1952). United States Intelligence Community The United States Intelligence Community ( IC )
594-569: The 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 , which required them to disclose the "aggregate amount of funds appropriated by Congress” for the NIP within 30 days of the end of the fiscal year. The requested budget of the NIP has been public since 2011 due to a requirement enacted by Congress in Section 364 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010. About 70 percent of the intelligence budget went to contractors for
627-691: The DNI. In light of major intelligence failures in recent years that called into question how well Intelligence Community ensures U.S. national security, particularly those identified by the 9/11 Commission (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States), and the " WMD Commission " (Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction),
660-492: The IC characterizes itself as a federation of its member elements, its overall structure is better characterized as a confederation due to its lack of a well-defined, unified leadership and governance structure. Prior to 2004, the director of Central Intelligence (DCI) was the head of the IC, in addition to being the director of the CIA. A major criticism of this arrangement was that the DCI had little or no actual authority over
693-530: The IC except his own staff—the Office of the DNI—nor does the DNI have the authority to hire or fire personnel in the IC except those on his or her own staff. The member elements in the executive branch are directed and controlled by their respective department heads, all cabinet-level officials reporting to the president. By law, only the director of the Central Intelligence Agency reports to
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#1732794120531726-663: The IC include technological, structural, procedural, and cultural dimensions. Examples include the Intellipedia wiki of encyclopedic security-related information; the creation of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence , National Intelligence Centers , Program Manager Information Sharing Environment , and Information Sharing Council ; legal and policy frameworks set by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 , information sharing Executive Order 13354 and Executive Order 13388 , and
759-430: The assignment of intelligence activities to the NIP and MIP sometimes proves problematic. The overall organization of the IC is primarily governed by the National Security Act of 1947 (as amended) and Executive Order 12333 . The statutory organizational relationships were substantially revised with the 2004 Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) amendments to the 1947 National Security Act. Though
792-419: The authorities and powers of the DNI and the overall organizational structure of the IC have become subject of intense debate in the United States. Previously, interagency cooperation and the flow of information among the member agencies was hindered by policies that sought to limit the pooling of information out of privacy and security concerns. Attempts to modernize and facilitate interagency cooperation within
825-417: The budgetary authorities of the other IC agencies and therefore had limited influence over their operations. Following the passage of IRTPA in 2004, the head of the IC is the director of national intelligence (DNI). The DNI exerts leadership of the IC primarily through statutory authorities under which he or she: Despite these responsibilities, the DNI has no authority to direct and control any element of
858-558: The budgets of DoD intelligence activities, and both the House and Senate appropriations committees annually draft bills to appropriate the budgets of the IC. The Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs took a leading role in formulating the intelligence reform legislation in the 108th Congress . Notes Further reading National security of the United States National security of
891-500: The first time, said the co-chair of the 9/11 Commission Lee H. Hamilton. He added that Americans should not be excluded from the budget process because the intelligence community has a profound impact on the life of ordinary Americans. Intelligence Community Oversight duties are distributed to both the executive and legislative branches. Primary executive oversight is performed by the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board ,
924-493: The legacy CIA inherited from the OSS . The exhibit displays personal memorabilia from Major General William J. Donovan , the founder of the Office of Strategic Services, examples of OSS equipment, and a German "Enigma" enciphering machine from World War II . The Cold War Gallery was established in collaboration with collector and historian H. Keith Melton in 1997. "The Cold War: Fifty Years of Silent Conflict" showcases many of
957-480: The mission of intelligence operations. The museum also displays Osama bin Laden 's AK-47 along with a brick from the compound in which he was found at the time of his death. In September 2022, to mark the agency's 75th anniversary, a small group of journalists were given access to the museum. BBC journalist Gordon Corera mentioned seeing "cold war spy gadgets" such as "'dead drop rat' in which messages could be hidden,
990-436: The overall spending figure because "such disclosures could harm national security". How the money is divided among the 16 intelligence agencies and what it is spent on is classified. It includes salaries for about 100,000 people, multi billion-dollar satellite programs , aircraft , weapons , electronic sensors, intelligence analysis , spies , computers , and software . On August 29, 2013 The Washington Post published
1023-508: The president. The IC strives to provide valuable insight on important issues by gathering raw intelligence, analyzing that data in context, and producing timely and relevant products for customers at all levels of national security—from the war-fighter on the ground to the president in Washington. Executive Order 12333 charged the IC with six primary objectives: Before the CIA's establishment, several military intelligence agencies, and
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1056-438: The summary of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence's multivolume FY 2013 Congressional Budget Justification, the U.S. Intelligence Community's top-secret "black budget". The IC's FY 2013 budget details how the 16 spy agencies use the money and how it performs against the goals set by the president and Congress. Experts said that access to such details about U.S. spy programs is without precedent. Steven Aftergood of
1089-500: Was codified as the Intelligence Organization Act of 1992 ( Pub. L. 102–496 , H.R. 5095 , 106 Stat. 3188 ). The Washington Post reported in 2010 that there were 1,271 government organizations and 1,931 private companies in 10,000 locations in the United States that were working on counterterrorism , homeland security , and intelligence, and that the intelligence community as
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