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100-480: The magazine advertised itself in HERESIES , another feminist publication, by describing its content: Half of each issue presents a different theme (Personal Power, Anger and Violence, Sexuality, Women As Mothers/Women As Daughters) and the other half consists of articles on learning specific skills (building a solar energy collector, caring for cows and goats, reglazing windows, and winter gardening). Country Women

200-601: A suffragist "mob convention" at the Broadway Tabernacle in New York City; that year she also met Harriet Beecher Stowe . In 1856, she traveled to Battle Creek, Michigan , to speak to a group called the Friends of Human Progress . Northampton Camp Meeting – 1844, Northampton, Massachusetts: At a camp meeting where she was participating as an itinerant preacher, a band of "wild young men" disrupted

300-571: A Northern Slave . That same year, she purchased a home in Florence for $ 300 and spoke at the first National Women's Rights Convention in Worcester, Massachusetts. In 1854, with proceeds from sales of the narrative and cartes-de-visite captioned, "I sell the shadow to support the substance", she paid off the mortgage held by her friend from the community, Samuel L. Hill. In 1851, Truth joined George Thompson , an abolitionist and speaker, on

400-530: A big hilly area called by the Dutch name Swartekill (just north of present-day Rifton ), in the town of Esopus, New York , 95 miles (153 km) north of New York City. Her first language was Dutch, and she continued to speak with a Dutch accent for the rest of her life. Charles Hardenbergh inherited his father's estate and continued to enslave people as a part of that estate's property. When Charles Hardenbergh died in 1806, nine-year-old Truth (known as Belle),

500-582: A calm story, one where all faces were "beaming with joyous gladness" at the session where Truth spoke; that not "one discordant note" interrupted the harmony of the proceedings. In contemporary reports, Truth was warmly received by the convention-goers, the majority of whom were long-standing abolitionists, friendly to progressive ideas of race and civil rights. In Gage's 1863 version, Truth was met with hisses, with voices calling to prevent her from speaking. Other interracial gatherings of black and white abolitionist women had in fact been met with violence, including

600-476: A change predating Delany's involvement. Scholar Ann Matsuuchi concluded that Steinem's feedback was "conveniently used as an excuse" by DC management. Wonder Woman's powers and traditional costume were restored in issue #204 (January–February 1973). Joanne Edgar wrote the cover story for the 1972 issue with Wonder Woman. She described her personal relationship with comic books and applied issues women were facing such as power dynamics and gender discrimination at

700-402: A feature titled "We have had abortions", a list of famous women acknowledging that they have gone through this particular medical operation. The feature had a coupon for readers to include their own names as part of this list. In addition, readers frequently interacted with the magazine through sending in letters to the editors about the personal importance of Ms. magazine. As to the origin of

800-426: A few words about this matter. I am a woman's rights. [ sic ] I have as much muscle as any man, and can do as much work as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more than that? I have heard much about the sexes being equal. I can carry as much as any man, and can eat as much too, if I can get it. I am as strong as any man that is now. As for intellect, all I can say is, if

900-463: A few years later. The experience haunted Truth throughout her life. Truth eventually married an older enslaved man named Thomas. She bore five children: James, her firstborn, who died in childhood; Diana (1815), the result of a rape by John Dumont; and Peter (1821), Elizabeth (1825), and Sophia ( c.  1826 ), all born after she and Thomas united. In 1799, the State of New York began to legislate

1000-467: A laborer to make her equal rights claims. The convention was organized by Hannah Tracy and Frances Dana Barker Gage , who both were present when Truth spoke. Different versions of Truth's words have been recorded, with the first one published a month later in the Anti-Slavery Bugle by Rev. Marius Robinson , the newspaper owner and editor who was in the audience. Robinson's recounting of

1100-535: A lecture tour through central and western New York State. In May, she attended the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio , where she delivered her famous extemporaneous speech on women's rights, later known as " Ain't I a Woman? ". Her speech demanded equal human rights for all women. She also spoke as a former enslaved woman, combining calls for abolitionism with women's rights, and drawing from her strength as

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1200-428: A neighboring farm. Robert's owner ( Charles Catton, Jr. , a landscape painter) forbade their relationship; he did not want the people he enslaved to have children with people he was not enslaving, because he would not own the children. One day Robert sneaked over to see Truth. When Catton and his son found him, they savagely beat Robert until Dumont finally intervened. Truth never saw Robert again after that day and he died

1300-415: A newsletter but was convinced to make it into a magazine by her peers. Patricia Carbine thought a magazine was better because of the money from advertisers and that it could reach their audience with its portable, visually pleasing, easy format. The creators of Ms. expected there to be significant participation of the general public as well as readers. For example, the first issue published in 1972 included

1400-736: A perceived "Cher cover"-centered editorial direction under Anne Summers , American Feminists bought it back and began publishing the magazine without ads. Robin Morgan and Marcia Ann Gillespie served respective terms as Editors in Chief of the magazine. Gillespie was the first African-American woman to lead Ms. For a period, the magazine was published by MacDonald Communications Corp. , which also published Working Woman and Working Mother magazines. Known since its inception for unique feminist analysis of current events, Ms. magazine's 1991 change to an ad-free format also made it known for exposing

1500-557: A reference to their very first issue in 1972 that featured Wonder Woman on the cover. This choice was based on Wonder Woman's belief in "sisterhood and equality", something Ms. states is a "driving value" for feminist beliefs not only when the magazine first began, but in today's society. Steinem, herself, was inspired by many women of color throughout her career in activism. Most notably, Steinem worked with Flo Kennedy and Shirley Chisholm for advocating for women's rights. Steinem founded Ms. magazine with Dorothy Pitman Hughes , who

1600-575: A repeal of all laws that restrict our reproductive freedom. Signatories included Billie Jean King , Judy Collins , Anaïs Nin , Gloria Steinem , Susan Sontag , and Nora Ephron . The petition drew on evidence that around 25% of American women had chosen to have an abortion, despite its variable legal status. Called the American Women's Petition, the Ms. petition was inspired by the Manifesto of

1700-611: A servant. The trial then focused on the reported beating of his daughter of which he was found guilty and sentenced to three months and an additional thirty days for contempt of court. This event prompted Truth to leave the sect in 1835. Afterwards, she retired to New York City until 1843. In 1839, Truth's son Peter took a job on a whaling ship called the Zone of Nantucket . From 1840 to 1841, she received three letters from him, though in his third letter he told her he had sent five. Peter said he also never received any of her letters. When

1800-491: A small hill and began to sing "in her most fervid manner, with all the strength of her most powerful voice, the hymn on the resurrection of Christ". Her song, "It was Early in the Morning", gathered the rioters to her and quieted them. They urged her to sing, preach, and pray for their entertainment. After singing songs and preaching for about an hour, Truth bargained with them to leave after one final song. The mob agreed and left

1900-626: A time when most Americans thought of slaves as male and women as white, Truth embodied a fact that still bears repeating: Among the blacks are women; among the women, there are blacks." A memorial bust of Truth was unveiled in 2009 in Emancipation Hall in the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center . She is the first African American woman to have a statue in the Capitol building. In 2014, Truth was included in Smithsonian magazine's list of

2000-458: A very tiring trip, when Truth was called upon to speak she stood up and said, "Children, I have come here like the rest of you, to hear what I have to say." In 1870, Truth tried to secure land grants from the federal government to former enslaved people, a project she pursued for seven years without success. While in Washington, D.C., she had a meeting with President Ulysses S. Grant in

2100-455: A voice that had been hidden from and left out of mainstream media. The magazine's first publication as an independent issue included articles about women who had experience with abortions, promoting the removal of sexist wording from the English language, and literature focused on helping women realize they could stand up for themselves against social norms. Co-founder Gloria Steinem explained

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2200-468: A woman have a pint, and a man a quart – why can't she have her little pint full? You need not be afraid to give us our rights for fear we will take too much, – for we can't take more than our pint'll hold. The poor men seems to be all in confusion, and don't know what to do. Why children, if you have woman's rights, give it to her and you will feel better. You will have your own rights, and they won't be so much trouble. I can't read, but I can hear. I have heard

2300-581: Is Israel', the ad implied that women in Israel hold equal positions of power with men". Spillar stated that the magazine had "covered the Israeli feminist movement and women leaders in Israel ... eleven times' in its last four years of issues". Contributors have included: Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth ( / s oʊ ˈ dʒ ɜːr n ər , ˈ s oʊ dʒ ɜːr n ər / ; born Isabella Baumfree ; c.  1797  – November 26, 1883)

2400-596: Is easier than building roads. Eighth Anniversary of Negro Freedom – New Year's Day, 1871: On this occasion the Boston papers related that "...seldom is there an occasion of more attraction or greater general interest. Every available space of sitting and standing room was crowded". She starts off her speech by giving a little background about her own life. Sojourner recounts how her mother told her to pray to God that she may have good masters and mistresses. She goes on to retell how her masters were not good to her, about how she

2500-576: Is not any better for those colored people than it is for the members of her audience. She then proposes that black people are given their own land. Because a portion of the South's population contained rebels that were unhappy with the abolishment of slavery, that region of the United States was not well suited for colored people. She goes on to suggest that colored people be given land out west to build homes and prosper on. Second Annual Convention of

2600-640: Is so selfish that he has got women's rights and his own too, and yet he won't give women their rights. He keeps them all to himself." For the final session of Sojourner's speech, the center of her attention was mainly on women's right to vote. Sojourner told her audience that she owned her own house, as did other women, and must, therefore, pay taxes. Nevertheless, they were still unable to vote because they were women. Black women who were enslaved were made to do hard manual work, such as building roads. Sojourner argues that if these women were able to perform such tasks, then they should be allowed to vote because surely voting

2700-643: Is sung to the tune of " John Brown's Body " or " The Battle Hymn of the Republic ". Although Truth claimed to have written the words, it has been disputed (see " Marching Song of the First Arkansas "). In 1867, Truth moved from Harmonia to Battle Creek. In 1868, she traveled to western New York and visited with Amy Post , and continued traveling all over the East Coast . At a speaking engagement in Florence, Massachusetts, after she had just returned from

2800-474: The Wonder Woman comic book in 1972, during this controversial period in the publication's history when the lead character abandoned her superpowers and became a secret agent. Delany was initially supposed to write a six-issue story arc that would culminate in a battle over an abortion clinic, but the story arc was canceled after Steinem led a lobbying effort protesting the removal of Wonder Woman's powers,

2900-635: The Combahee River Collective with Ms. From 1993 to 2001, during Marcia Ann Gillespie's tenure, the voices and perspectives of women of color and inclusion of diverse feminists and opinions dramatically increased. As of 2020, Ms. magazine has features and columns that highlight the work of Black women. For example, Janell Hobson, a Ms. Scholar, works on the Black Feminist in Public series highlighting intersectionality in

3000-495: The Feminist Majority Foundation purchased the magazine, dismissed the staff, and moved the editorial headquarters from New York to Los Angeles. Formerly bimonthly, the magazine has since published quarterly. In 2005, under editor-in-chief Elaine Lafferty , Ms. was nominated for a National Magazine Award for Martha Mendoza's article "Between a Woman and Her Doctor". Despite this success, Lafferty left

3100-576: The Feminist Majority Foundation , based in Los Angeles and Arlington, Virginia . The preview issue of Ms. magazine was published in December 1971 by New York magazine. The cover, illustrated by Miriam Wosk, depicts a pregnant version of the Hindu goddess Kali using eight arms to hold a clock, skillet, typewriter, rake, mirror, telephone, steering wheel, and an iron. 300,000 test copies of

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3200-740: The Michigan Anti-Slavery Society in 1853 in Adrian, Michigan . The state society was founded in 1836 in Ann Arbor, Michigan . In 1856, Truth bought a neighboring lot in Northampton, but she did not keep the new property for long. On September 3, 1857, she sold all her possessions, new and old, to Daniel Ives and moved to Battle Creek, Michigan , where she rejoined former members of the Millerite movement who had formed

3300-670: The Seventh-day Adventist Church . Antislavery movements had begun early in Michigan and Ohio. Here, she also joined the nucleus of the Michigan abolitionists, the Progressive Friends , some who she had already met at national conventions. From 1857 to 1867 Truth lived in the village of Harmonia, Michigan, a Spiritualist utopia. She then moved into nearby Battle Creek, Michigan, living at her home on 38 College St. until her death in 1883. According to

3400-559: The Supreme Court of Israel ), Tzipi Livni ( Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel ), and Dalia Itzik (speaker of the Knesset ). The New York Jewish Week reported that a number of Jewish feminists , including Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance founder Blu Greenberg , were mostly disappointed with the decision by Ms. to reject the ad. However, Katherine Spillar , executive editor of Ms. , responded to these criticisms on

3500-642: The White House . In 1872, she returned to Battle Creek, became active in Grant's presidential re-election campaign, and even tried to vote on Election Day, but was turned away at the polling place. Truth spoke about abolition, women's rights, prison reform, and preached to the Michigan Legislature against capital punishment. Not everyone welcomed her preaching and lectures, but she had many friends and staunch support among many influential people at

3600-494: The "100 Most Significant Americans of All Time." Sojourner Truth once estimated that she was born between 1797 and 1800. Truth was one of the 10 or 12 children born to James and Elizabeth Baumfree (or Bomefree). Her father was an enslaved man captured from present-day Ghana , while her mother – nicknamed "Mau-Mau Bet" – was the daughter of slaves captured from Guinea . Colonel Hardenbergh bought James and Elizabeth Baumfree from slave traders and kept their family at his estate in

3700-778: The 1860 census , her household in Harmonia included her daughter, Elizabeth Banks (age 35), and her grandsons James Caldwell (misspelled as "Colvin"; age 16) and Sammy Banks (age 8). Truth helped recruit black troops for the Union Army during the Civil War . Her grandson, James Caldwell, enlisted in the 54th Massachusetts Regiment . In 1864, Truth was employed by the National Freedman's Relief Association in Washington, D.C., where she worked diligently to improve conditions for African-Americans. In October of that year, she

3800-573: The 343 that had been published the previous year in which 343 French women publicly declared that they had had an abortion, which was also illegal in France at the time. In 1973, the Roe v. Wade decision by the Supreme Court of the United States would legalize abortion throughout the country. The petition was the inspiration for a similar campaign by Ms. in 2006, as well as an amicus brief signed by more than 100 American lawyers in support of overturning

3900-554: The American Woman Suffrage Association – Boston, 1871: In a brief speech, Truth argued that women's rights were essential, not only to their own well-being, but "for the benefit of the whole creation, not only the women, but all the men on the face of the earth, for they were the mother of them". Truth dedicated her life to fighting for a more equal society for African Americans and for women, including abolition, voting rights, and property rights. She

4000-493: The Bible and have learned that Eve caused man to sin. Well, if woman upset the world, do give her a chance to set it right side up again. The Lady has spoken about Jesus, how he never spurned woman from him, and she was right. When Lazarus died, Mary and Martha came to him with faith and love and besought him to raise their brother. And Jesus wept and Lazarus came forth. And how came Jesus into the world? Through God who created him and

4100-797: The New York State Emancipation Act was approved a year later. Truth learned that her son Peter, then five years old, had been sold by Dumont and then illegally resold to an owner in Alabama . With the help of the Van Wagenens, she took the issue to the New York Supreme Court. Using the name Isabella van Wagenen, she filed a suit against Peter's new owner Solomon Gedney. In 1828, after months of legal proceedings, she got back her son, who had been abused by those who were enslaving him. Truth became one of

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4200-593: The South. Sojourner Truth, however, grew up speaking Dutch as her first language. During the Civil War, Truth helped recruit black troops for the Union Army ; after the war, she tried unsuccessfully to secure land grants from the federal government for formerly enslaved people (summarized as the promise of " forty acres and a mule "). She continued to fight on behalf of women and African Americans until her death. As her biographer Nell Irvin Painter wrote, "At

4300-682: The abolition of slavery, although the process of emancipating those people enslaved in New York was not complete until July 4, 1827. Dumont had promised to grant Truth her freedom a year before the state emancipation, "if she would do well and be faithful". However, he changed his mind, claiming a hand injury had made her less productive. She was infuriated but continued working, spinning 100 pounds (45 kg) of wool, to satisfy her sense of obligation to him. Late in 1826, Truth escaped to freedom with her infant daughter, Sophia. She had to leave her other children behind because they were not legally freed in

4400-476: The abolition of slavery. Taking along only a few possessions in a pillowcase, she traveled north, working her way up through the Connecticut River Valley, towards Massachusetts. At that time, Truth began attending Millerite Adventist camp meetings. Millerites followed the teachings of William Miller of New York, who preached that Jesus would appear in 1843–1844, bringing about the end of

4500-533: The abortion regulations at issue in Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt . The January 1973 edition featured Shirley Chisholm and Sissy Farenthold on the cover with the title: "The Ticket That Might Have Been." From 1974 to 1977, Ms. collaborated with public broadcasting and, with the help of a grant from the Corporation for Public Funding, produced the television series Woman Alive! . The show

4600-538: The burning of Pennsylvania Hall. According to Frances Gage's recount in 1863, Truth argued, "That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody helps  me  any best place.  And ain't I a woman?" Truth's "Ain't I a Woman" showed the lack of recognition that black women received during this time and whose lack of recognition will continue to be seen long after her time. "Black women, of course, were virtually invisible within

4700-435: The camp meeting, refused to leave, and threatened to burn down the tents. Truth caught the sense of fear pervading the worshipers and hid behind a trunk in her tent, thinking that since she was the only black person present, the mob would attack her first. However, she reasoned with herself and resolved to do something: as the noise of the mob increased and a female preacher was "trembling on the preachers' stand", Truth went to

4800-472: The camp meeting. Abolitionist Convention – 1840s, Boston, Massachusetts: William Lloyd Garrison invited Sojourner Truth to give a speech at an annual antislavery convention. Wendell Phillips was supposed to speak after her, which made her nervous since he was known as such a good orator. So Truth sang a song, "I am Pleading for My people", which was her own original composition sung to the tune of Auld Lang Syne . Mob Convention – September 7, 1853: At

4900-430: The city and go into the countryside "testifying to the hope that was in her." Her best-known speech was delivered extemporaneously, in 1851, at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio . The speech became widely known during the Civil War by the title " Ain't I a Woman? ", a variation of the original speech that was published in 1863 as being spoken in a stereotypical Black dialect , then more commonly spoken in

5000-437: The common holiday phrase "Peace on earth, good will to men" by changing the salutation to "Peace on earth, good will to people." In its earliest years, the magazine's December cover proclaimed this altered holiday message in bold, colorful designs by Brazilian designer Bea Feitler , as well as in editorial addresses from Steinem. Over its long history, the magazine has featured articles written by and about many women and men at

5100-572: The community, Truth delivered her first anti-slavery speech that year. In 1845, she joined the household of George Benson , the brother-in-law of William Lloyd Garrison. In 1846, the Northampton Association of Education and Industry disbanded, unable to support itself. In 1849, she visited John Dumont before he moved west. Truth started dictating her memoirs to her friend Olive Gilbert and in 1850 William Lloyd Garrison privately published her book, The Narrative of Sojourner Truth:

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5200-495: The content was always meant to be inclusive. In 1975, Ms. magazine had a cover of Pam Grier and in 1979 they had Michelle Wallace on the cover. Though Ms. did feature covers of Black women, magazines such as Essence created during a similar time period focused more on Black female empowerment. There has been no association found between Black feminist media organizations such as the Kitchen Table Press and

5300-493: The control that many advertisers assert over content in women's magazines . In 1998, Gloria Steinem, Marcia Ann Gillespie and a group of female investors created Liberty Media (not the cable/satellite conglomerate of the same name) and brought the magazine under independent ownership. It remained ad-free and won several awards, including an Utne award for social commentary. With Liberty Media facing bankruptcy in November 2001,

5400-446: The convention, young men greeted her with "a perfect storm", hissing and groaning. In response, Truth said, "You may hiss as much as you please, but women will get their rights anyway. You can't stop us, neither". Sojourner, like other public speakers, often adapted her speeches to how the audience was responding to her. In her speech, Sojourner speaks out for women's rights. She incorporates religious references in her speech, particularly

5500-474: The country. The Ms. petition included a tear-out section for women to remove, sign and send back to the magazine. The tear-out section stated: The attitudes and laws against abortion in this country are causing untold suffering. Approximately one million American women had "illegal" abortions in 1971 — many of them self-induced or performed by the unqualified, some of them fatal. I have had an abortion. I publicly join millions of other American women in demanding

5600-402: The cover of the first independently published issue of Ms. v1 #1, July 1972 ( Warner Communications , DC Comics' owner, was an investor), which also contained an appreciative essay about the character. Steinem was offended that the world's most famous female superhero had had her powers removed in the most recently published comics. The progressive author Samuel R. Delany wrote two issues of

5700-472: The editors represented a small fraction of feminists in the 1970s, Ms. strove to represent the term "female universality", a phrase that encompassed representation of all women no matter their socio-economic status, race, religion, or political beliefs. In 1987, Ms. was bought by Fairfax , an Australian media company, which appointed the head of its US arm, Sandra Yates, to oversee the magazine's editorial and financial turnaround. In 1989, concerned about

5800-526: The emancipation order until they had served as bound servants into their twenties. She later said, "I did not run off, for I thought that wicked, but I walked off, believing that to be all right." She found her way to the home of Isaac and Maria Van Wagenen in New Paltz, who took her and her baby in. Isaac offered to buy her services for the remainder of the year (until the state's emancipation took effect), which Dumont accepted for $ 20. She lived there until

5900-683: The first black women to go to court against a white man and win the case. The court documents related to this lawsuit were rediscovered by the staff at the New York State Archives c.  2022 . In 1827, she became a Christian and participated in the founding of the Methodist church of Kingston, New York . In 1829, she moved to New York City and joined the John Street Methodist Church ( Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church ). In 1833, she

6000-708: The forefront of business, politics, activism, and journalism. The magazine's investigative journalism broke several landmark stories on topics including overseas sweatshops , sex trafficking , the wage gap , the glass ceiling , date rape , and domestic violence . The type of feminist that Ms. attracted is most often labeled as a "cultural" feminist, those interested in changing the deep rooted gender norms within American culture. Ms. magazine editors represented this background as they did not identify as women in politics or political feminists; rather, they were activists, writers, and graduates of all women's colleges. Though

6100-473: The honorific " Ms. ", an alternative to "Miss" or "Mrs." that neutralizes a women's marital status, was being promoted by Sheila Michaels but not yet well known or defined by the media. In particular, when Michaels suggested the use of "Ms." in 1969, in a lull during a WBAI -radio interview with The Feminists group, a friend of Steinem heard the interview and suggested it as a title for her new magazine. Gloria Steinem placed Wonder Woman , in costume, on

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6200-662: The indigenous community has increased over the last couple of years. For example, Ms. covered the passage of legislation to protect indigenous women such as the Savannah Act and the Not Invisible Act. On January 10, 2008, the American Jewish Congress released an official statement which was critical of Ms. magazine's refusal to accept from them a full-page advertisement honoring three prominent Israeli women: Dorit Beinisch (president of

6300-477: The lack of diversity on the magazine's covers and its limited features of women of color. Walker had previously written an article in 1975 titled "In Search of Zora Neale Hurston ", which was credited to have created new interests in Black female writers. The editors of Ms. admit, as they reflect back on their influence in the 1970s, that their publications were perceived as "elitist" at times due to their staff but

6400-743: The magazine after only two years following various disagreements including the editorial direction on a cover story on Desperate Housewives , and a perceived generation gap towards third-wave feminists and grunge . Another "We Had Abortions" petition appeared in the October 2006 issue as part of the issue's cover story. This time, the petition contained signatures of more than 5,000 women declaring that they had had an abortion and were "unashamed of (the) decision", including actresses Amy Brenneman and Kathy Najimy , comedian Carol Leifer , and Steinem herself. In 2017, Ms. celebrated its 45th anniversary of publication. In honor of this event, Ms. made

6500-413: The magazine sold out in three days, and generated 26,000 subscription orders within the next few weeks. Steinem advocated for this cover as she liked the imagery of a woman juggling multiple facets of life, something that Ms. magazine would focus on. Additionally, the cover displays a Hindu goddess to convey messages of neutrality and female universality. Ms. was viewed as a voice for women by women,

6600-414: The magazine's website, rejecting claims of anti-Israel bias. She argued that the proposed advertisement was inconsistent with the magazine's policy to accept only "mission-driven advertisements from primarily non-profit, non-partisan organizations", suggesting that the advertisement could have been perceived "as favoring certain political parties within Israel over other parties, but also with its slogan 'This

6700-580: The media. Steinem was greatly influenced by the activism of Wilma Mankiller , a member of the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma. Mankiller joined the board of Ms. Foundation for Women in 1973 and was awarded the title of Woman of Year by Ms. in 1987. Steinem and Mankiller were friends, advisors, and colleagues. Mankiller focused on indigenous women's rights and collaborated with Steinem on this issue as well. The magazine's coverage of issues affecting

6800-429: The motivation for starting Ms. magazine, stating: "I realized as a journalist that there really was nothing for women to read that was controlled by women, and this caused me along with a number of other women to start Ms. magazine." Steinem wanted a publication that would address issues that modern women cared about instead of just domestic topics such as fashion and housekeeping. Steinem originally wanted Ms. to be

6900-425: The name chosen for the magazine, she has stated: "We were going to call it Sojourner , after Sojourner Truth , but that was perceived as a travel magazine. Then we were going to call it Sisters , but that was seen as a religious magazine. We settled on Ms. because it was symbolic, and also, it was short, which is good for a logo." "Lilith" and "Bimbo" were considered titles for the magazine as well. At this time,

7000-533: The occasion, a larger-than-life sculpture of Sojourner Truth by Tina Allen was added to Monument Park in Battle Creek. The 12-foot tall Sojourner monument is cast in bronze. In 1981, an Ohio Historical Marker was unveiled on the site of the Universalist "Old Stone" Church in Akron where Sojourner Truth gave her "Ain't I a Woman?" speech on May 29, 1851. Sojourner Truth Legacy Plaza, which includes

7100-417: The opposition against the repression of wives in society and the home. The article also helped introduce the idea of "click!", or the realization a woman acquires when she realizes the demands being pushed upon her to act, work and behave in a certain way can be fought against. In 1972, Ms. published the names of 53 women who admitted to having had abortions when the procedure was illegal in most states of

7200-526: The organization supported women's rights and religious tolerance as well as pacifism . There were, in its four-and-a-half-year history, a total of 240 members, though no more than 120 at any one time. They lived on 470 acres (1.9 km ), raising livestock, running a sawmill , a gristmill , and a silk factory. Truth lived and worked in the community and oversaw the laundry, supervising both men and women. While there, Truth met William Lloyd Garrison , Frederick Douglass , and David Ruggles . Encouraged by

7300-504: The protracted campaign for woman suffrage", wrote Angela Davis , supporting Truth's argument that nobody gives her "any best place"; and not just her, but black women in general. Over the next 10 years, Truth spoke before dozens, perhaps hundreds, of audiences. From 1851 to 1853, Truth worked with Marius Robinson, the editor of the Ohio Anti-Slavery Bugle , and traveled around that state speaking. In 1853, she spoke at

7400-511: The rights they deserve too. Throughout her speech she kept stressing that "we should keep things going while things are stirring" and fears that once the fight for colored rights settles down, it would take a long time to warm people back up to the idea of colored women's having equal rights. In the second sessions of Sojourner's speech, she used a story from the Bible to help strengthen her argument for equal rights for women. She ended her argument by accusing men of being self-centered, saying: "Man

7500-609: The service. Truth was buried in the city's Oak Hill Cemetery. Frederick Douglass offered a eulogy for her in Washington, D.C. "Venerable for age, distinguished for insight into human nature, remarkable for independence and courageous self-assertion, devoted to the welfare of her race, she has been for the last forty years an object of respect and admiration to social reformers everywhere." There have been many memorials erected in honor of Sojourner Truth, commemorating her life and work. These include memorial plaques, busts, and full-sized statues. The first historical marker honoring Truth

7600-472: The ship returned to port in 1842, Peter was not on board and Truth never heard from him again. The year 1843 was a turning point for her. On June 1, Pentecost Sunday, she changed her name to Sojourner Truth. She chose the name because she heard the Spirit of God calling on her to preach the truth. She told her friends: "The Spirit calls me, and I must go", and left to make her way traveling and preaching about

7700-406: The speech became the most widely circulated version, and is known as "Ain't I a Woman?" because that question was repeated four times. It is highly unlikely that Truth's own speech pattern was like this, as she was born and raised in New York, and she spoke only upper New York State low-Dutch until she was nine years old. In the version recorded by Rev. Marius Robinson, Truth said: I want to say

7800-479: The speech included no instance of the question "Ain't I a Woman?", nor did any of the other newspapers reporting of her speech at the time. Twelve years later, in May 1863, Gage published another, very different, version. In it, Truth's speech pattern appeared to have characteristics of Black slaves located in the southern United States, and the speech was vastly different from the one Robinson had reported. Gage's version of

7900-525: The story of Esther . She then goes on to say that, just as women in scripture, women today are fighting for their rights. Moreover, Sojourner scolds the crowd for all their hissing and rude behavior, reminding them that God says to "Honor thy father and thy mother". American Equal Rights Association – May 9–10, 1867: Her speech was addressed to the American Equal Rights Association , and divided into three sessions. Sojourner

8000-542: The symbol of the feminist movement. Jill Lepore reflected on Ms. magazine's cover with Wonder Woman by calling it the connection between first-wave feminism and second-wave feminism. Wonder Woman was inspired by the efforts of the women's suffrage movement and by the work of women in the Great Depression. "The Housewife's Moment of Truth", the first cover story for Ms. magazine, was written by Jane O'Reilly . O'Reilly's article spoke for feminist strength and

8100-491: The time, including Amy Post , Parker Pillsbury , Frances Gage , Wendell Phillips , William Lloyd Garrison , Laura Smith Haviland , Lucretia Mott , Ellen G. White , and Susan B. Anthony . Truth was cared for by two of her daughters in the last years of her life. Several days before Sojourner Truth died, a reporter came from the Grand Rapids Eagle to interview her. "Her face was drawn and emaciated and she

8200-511: The traits of compassion that Wonder Woman had as well as her belief in justice. Tim Hanley, a comic historian, commented on how the Ms. cover, emphasized unity and "sisterhood". While some women were in support of Wonder Woman being an icon of second-wave feminism, others critiqued Ms. for displaying a woman with "superhuman" or unachievable qualities. However, the Ms. editors were worried about featuring actual female public figures on their covers early on due to their worry of tokenizing them as

8300-468: The woman who bore him. Man, where was your part? But the women are coming up blessed be God and a few of the men are coming up with them. But man is in a tight place, the poor slave is on him, woman is coming on him, he is surely between a hawk and a buzzard. In contrast to Robinson's report, Gage's 1863 version included Truth saying her 13 children were sold away from her into slavery. Truth is widely believed to have had five children, with one sold away, and

8400-510: The work place to the character. Ms. featured Wonder Woman on the cover of their magazine in 1972 with the title "Wonder Woman For President". Steinem wanted to lobby DC comics to display Wonder Woman as a feminist hero because she felt that new images of Wonder Woman in the 1960s objectified her. By including Wonder Woman on the cover of Ms. , Steinem was able to encourage Dick Giordano to reinstate Wonder Woman's truth lasso, bracelets, and her origin story. The Ms. cover wanted to embrace

8500-472: The world. Many in the Millerite community greatly appreciated Truth's preaching and singing, and she drew large crowds when she spoke. Like many others disappointed when the anticipated second coming did not arrive, Truth distanced herself from her Millerite friends for a time. In 1844, she joined the Northampton Association of Education and Industry in Florence, Massachusetts . Founded by abolitionists,

8600-531: Was an American abolitionist and activist for African-American civil rights, women's rights , and alcohol temperance . Truth was born into slavery in Swartekill, New York , but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826. After going to court to recover her son in 1828, she became the first black woman to win such a case against a white man. She gave herself the name Sojourner Truth in 1843 after she became convinced that God had called her to leave

8700-612: Was apparently suffering great pain. Her eyes were very bright and mind alert although it was difficult for her to talk." Truth died early in the morning on November 26, 1883, at her Battle Creek home. On November 28, 1883, her funeral was held at the Congregational-Presbyterian Church officiated by its pastor, the Reverend Reed Stuart. Some of the prominent citizens of Battle Creek acted as pall-bearers; nearly one thousand people attended

8800-522: Was at the vanguard of efforts to address intersecting social justice issues. As historian Martha Jones wrote, "[w]hen Black women like Truth spoke of rights, they mixed their ideas with challenges to slavery and to racism. Truth told her own stories, ones that suggested that a women's movement might take another direction, one that championed the broad interests of all humanity." Truth—along with Stephen Symonds Foster and Abby Kelley Foster , Jonathan Walker , Marius Robinson, and Sallie Holley —reorganized

8900-853: Was established in Battle Creek in 1935, when a stone memorial was placed in Stone History Tower, in Monument Park. The State of Michigan further recognized her legacy by naming highway M-66 in Calhoun County the Sojourner Truth Memorial Highway, running from the county line south of Athens to Morgan Road in Pennfield Township , northeast of Battle Creek. 1999 marked the estimated bicentennial of Sojourner's birth. To honor

9000-494: Was formatted to reflect the magazine, and consisted of short documentaries made by independent women filmmakers, interviews, and entertainment segments. A 1976 cover story on battered women made Ms. the first national magazine to address the issue of domestic violence . The cover photo featured a woman with a bruised face. From 1972 until 1988, Suzanne Braun Levine served as editor of Ms. In conjunction with other efforts towards feminist language reform , Ms. challenged

9100-477: Was hired by Robert Matthews , also known as the Prophet Matthias, leader of a sect who identified with Judaism , went to work for him as a housekeeper in the communal settlement, and became a member of the group. In 1834, Matthews and Truth were charged with the murder of Elijah Pierson, but were acquitted due to lack of evidence and Truth's presentation of several letters confirming her reliability as

9200-409: Was intended to appeal to a wide audience and featured articles about a variety of issues related to women and feminism. From July 1972 until 1987, it was published on a monthly basis. It now publishes quarterly. At its peak in the 1970s, Ms. enjoyed great success but was not always able to reconcile its ideological concerns with commercial considerations. Since 2001, the magazine has been published by

9300-511: Was invited to the White House by President Abraham Lincoln . In 1865, while working at the Freedman's Hospital in Washington, Truth rode in the streetcars to help force their desegregation . Truth is credited with writing a song, " The Valiant Soldiers ", for the 1st Michigan Colored Regiment ; it was said to be composed during the war and sung by her in Detroit and Washington, D.C. It

9400-502: Was involved in child-welfare activism as well as the Civil Rights Movement . In 1973, Ms. featured a cover of Shirley Chisholm titled as "The Ticket That Might Have Been…". At the same time, Ms. magazine was also criticized for the lack of diversity displayed in its content, especially towards the end of their era of influence in the late 1980s. In 1986, author Alice Walker , a contributor to Ms. , resigned, citing

9500-411: Was never known to boast more children. Gage's 1863 recollection of the convention conflicts with her own report directly after the convention: Gage wrote in 1851 that Akron in general and the press, in particular, were largely friendly to the woman's rights convention, but in 1863 she wrote that the convention leaders were fearful of the "mobbish" opponents. Other eyewitness reports of Truth's speech told

9600-404: Was received with loud cheers instead of hisses, now that she had a better-formed reputation established. The Call had advertised her name as one of the main convention speakers. For the first part of her speech, she spoke mainly about the rights of black women. Sojourner argued that because the push for equal rights had led to black men winning new rights, now was the best time to give black women

9700-834: Was sold at an auction with a flock of sheep for $ 100 (~$ 1,948 in 2023) to John Neely, near Kingston, New York . Until that time, Truth spoke only Dutch, and after learning English, she spoke with a Dutch accent and not a stereotypical dialect. She later described Neely as cruel and harsh, relating how he beat her daily and once even with a bundle of rods. In 1808 Neely sold her for $ 105 (~$ 2,003 in 2023) to tavern keeper Martinus Schryver of Port Ewen, New York , who owned her for 18 months. Schryver then sold Truth in 1810 to John Dumont of West Park, New York . John Dumont raped her repeatedly, and considerable tension existed between Truth and Dumont's wife, Elizabeth Waring Dumont, who harassed her and made her life more difficult. Around 1815, Truth met and fell in love with an enslaved man named Robert from

9800-415: Was successful for a while, garnering more subscribers than Ms. magazine at one point, but ultimately ceased publication in 1979 due to financial and staff issues. This feminism -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ms. (magazine) Ms. is an American feminist magazine co-founded in 1971 by journalist and social/political activist Gloria Steinem . It

9900-581: Was the first national American feminist magazine. The original editors were Letty Cottin Pogrebin , Mary Thom , Patricia Carbine , Joanne Edgar , Nina Finkelstein , Mary Peacock , Margaret Sloan-Hunter , and Gloria Steinem. Beginning as a one-off insert in New York magazine in 1971, the first stand-alone issue of Ms. appeared in January 1972, with funding from New York editor Clay Felker . It

10000-567: Was whipped for not understanding English, and how she would question God why he had not made her masters be good to her. Sojourner admits to the audience that she had once hated white people, but she says once she met her final master, Jesus, she was filled with love for everyone. Once enslaved folks were emancipated, she tells the crowd she knew her prayers had been answered. That last part of Sojourner's speech brings in her main focus. Some freed enslaved people were living on government aid at that time, paid for by taxpayers. Sojourner announces that this

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