Misplaced Pages

#763236

54-690: Compromís was founded in January 2010 to participate in the 2011 elections to the Valencian parliament, and the 2011 local elections. Since the 2015 election year, Compromís has significantly increased its representation in many institutions. As of 2022, the party has 724 councillors all over the Valencian Autonomous Community, 17 parliamentary representatives in the Valencian parliament ( Corts Valencianes ), one representative in

108-401: A Christian king. As well as being a fine example of autobiography, the "Book of Deeds" expresses concepts of the power and purpose of monarchy, examples of loyalty and treachery in the feudal order, and medieval military tactics. More controversially, some historians have looked at these writings as a source of Catalan identity, separate from that of Occitania and Rome . James also wrote

162-567: A child, James was made a pawn in the power politics of Provence , where his father was engaged in struggles helping the Cathar heretics of Albi against the Albigensian Crusade led by Simon IV de Montfort , Earl of Leicester , who were trying to exterminate them. Peter endeavoured to placate the northern Crusaders by arranging a marriage between his two-year-old son James and Simon's daughter, Amicie de Montfort . He entrusted

216-404: A cross-bowman shot at me, and hit me beside the sun-hood, and the shot struck me on the head, the bolt lighting near the forehead. It was God's will it did not pass through the head, but the point of the arrow went half through it. In anger I struck the arrow so with my hand that I broke it: the blood came out down my face; I wiped it off with a mantle of "sendal" I had, and went away laughing, that

270-565: A debate in Barcelona between the Jewish rabbi Nahmanides and Pablo Christiani , a prominent converso . James was the first great sponsor and patron of vernacular Catalan literature. Indeed, he may himself be called "the first of the Catalan prose writers." James wrote or dictated at various stages a chronicle of his own life in Catalan, Llibre dels fets , the first autobiography by

324-472: A modern representative legislature. Although usually meeting in the provincial capital of Valencia city, they have met in various towns around the Valencian community in recent years, an initiative which has been developed by the most recent legislatures. The first legislature in modern times was elected in May 1983. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) won an absolute majority of votes and seats, with 51 of

378-484: A protégée of James's father, upon her death in 1220 Guerau occupied the county and displaced Aurembiax, claiming that a woman could not inherit. James intervened on behalf of Aurembiax, to whom he owed protection. He bought Guerau off and allowed Aurembiax to reclaim her territory, which she did at Lleida , probably also becoming one of James' earliest mistresses. She surrendered Lleida to James and agreed to hold Urgell in fief for him. On her death in 1231, James exchanged

432-582: A stable institution called the Corts Valencianes had already been established. Among the meetings which were held during the reign of James I, the most important was that of 7 April 1261 in Valencia, during which the king promulgated the Furs of Valencia , a series of charters equivalent to a modern constitution. Proof of the economic importance of the corts for the crown is that the king promulgated

486-627: A treaty with Louis IX of France , he achieved the renunciation of any possible claim of French suzerainty over the County of Barcelona and the other Catalan counties , while he renounced northward expansion and taking back the once Catalan territories in Occitania and vassal counties loyal to the County of Barcelona, lands that were lost by his father Peter II of Aragon in the Battle of Muret during

540-523: Is not only the longest of any Iberian monarch, but one of the longest monarchical reigns in history , ahead of Hirohito but remaining behind Queen Elizabeth II , Queen Victoria , and Ferdinand III of Naples and Sicily . King James I saw the expansion of the Crown of Aragon in three directions: Languedoc to the north, the Balearic Islands to the southeast, and Valencia to the south. By

594-528: The Libre de la Saviesa or "Book of Wisdom." The book contains proverbs from various authors, reaching from the time of King Solomon to nearly his own time with Albertus Magnus . It even contains maxims from the medieval Arab philosophers and from the Apophthegmata Philosophorum of Honein ben Ishak , which was probably translated at Barcelona during his reign. A Hebrew translator by

SECTION 10

#1732772418764

648-542: The Llibre del Consolat de Mar , which governed maritime trade and helped establish Aragonese supremacy in the western Mediterranean . He was an important figure in the development of the Catalan language , sponsoring Catalan literature and writing a quasi-autobiographical chronicle of his reign: the Llibre dels fets . James was born at Montpellier as the only son of Peter II of Aragon and Marie of Montpellier . As

702-592: The 2015 Spanish general election , Compromís formed a coalition with Podemos, called Compromís-Podem-És el moment . This new coalition was the second most popular political force in the Valencian Country, surpassing the PSPV. They received 671.071 votes, 25,09% of the total vote in the Valencian Country. During the process of creating parliamentary groups, Podemos deputies joined the group within other Podemos deputies from all around Spain, while Compromís joined

756-609: The 2015 Valencian election , Compromís polled third overall after the People's Party (PP) and the Valencian Socialists (PSPV). Compromís got 456.823 votes (18.5% of the votes) and 19 of the 99 seats. The election results allowed a new government to be formed by Compromís and PSPV, with the parliamentary support of Podemos . After negotiations, Mònica Oltra from Compromís was elected as Vice president of Generalitat Valenciana and Ximo Puig from PSPV as President. For

810-702: The Albigensian Crusade and annexed by the Kingdom of France , and then decided to turn south. His great part in the Reconquista was similar in Mediterranean Spain to that of his contemporary Ferdinand III of Castile in Andalusia . One of the main reasons for this formal renunciation of most of the once Catalan territories in Languedoc and Occitania , and any expansion into them, is that he

864-549: The Cathedral of Lleida , which was constructed in a style transitional between Romanesque and Gothic with little influence from Moorish styles . James was a patron of the University of Montpellier , which owed much of its development to his impetus. He also founded a studium at Valencia in 1245 and received privileges for it from Pope Innocent IV , but it did not develop as splendidly. In 1263, James presided over

918-783: The Congress of Deputies of Spain and one in the Spanish Senate . In the past, it also had one representative in the European Parliament . It also has six representatives in the Deputation of Valencia ( València ), two in Castellón ( Castelló ), three in Alicante ( Alacant ) and 84 mayor's offices, among them, the capital city of Valencia . In the 2011 Valencian election , Compromís received 176.213 votes (7% of

972-469: The Furs in exchange for the sum of 48,000, which were paid to him by the city of Valencia, by the cities of the Horta de València which belonged to the clergy and to the nobility, and by the towns of Castelló , Vilafamés , Onda , Llíria , Corbera , Cullera and Gandia . At the time of those corts, King James established a rule for his successors obliging them to organise a general cort in Valencia at

1026-634: The Inquisition into his realm in 1233 to prevent any vernacular translation of the Bible . The favour James showed his illegitimate offspring led to protest from the nobles, and to conflicts between his legitimate and illegitimate sons. When one of the latter, Fernán Sánchez , who had behaved with gross ingratitude and treason toward his father, was slain by the legitimate son Peter , the old king recorded his grim satisfaction. In his will, James divided his states between his sons by Yolanda of Hungary :

1080-481: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and was making a demonstration of his military power in front of Acre. During the demonstration, Egyptian troops hidden in the bushes ambushed a returning Frankish force that had been in Galilee . James's sons, initially eager for a fight, changed their minds after this spectacle and returned home via Sicily , where Fernán Sánchez was knighted by Charles of Anjou . James built and consecrated

1134-650: The Province of Valencia . The Statute of Autonomy also states that to be elected, candidates must belong to a list which obtains at least 5% of the total number of votes. Certain political parties and alliances who fail to achieve that threshold, cannot enter the Parliament. For lists which cross the 5% barrier, the distribution of seats is done according to the D'Hondt method . 39°28′40″N 0°22′28″W  /  39.47778°N 0.37444°W  / 39.47778; -0.37444 James I of Aragon James I

SECTION 20

#1732772418764

1188-537: The "Khan of Tartary" (actually the Ilkhan ), corresponded with James in early 1267, inviting him to join forces with the Mongols and go on crusade . James sent an ambassador to Abaqa in the person of Jayme Alaric de Perpignan , who returned with a Mongol embassy in 1269. Pope Clement IV tried to dissuade James from crusading, regarding his moral character as sub-par, and Alfonso X did the same. Nonetheless, James, who

1242-447: The 89 seats. However they lost their majority in 1987 and were forced to govern in coalition with the smaller United Left party. They won the 1991 elections with a majority of one seat, winning 45 seats in total. However, in the 1995 elections there was a swing to the right with the People's Party (PP) becoming the largest party with 42 seats and governing in coalition with the smaller Unió Valenciana (Valencian Union). This lasted until

1296-538: The Balearic Islands for Urgell with her widower, Peter of Portugal . From 1230 to 1232, James negotiated with Sancho VII of Navarre , who desired his help against his nephew and closest living male relative, Theobald IV of Champagne . James and Sancho negotiated a treaty whereby James would inherit Navarre on the old Sancho's death, but when this occurred in 1234, the Navarrese nobles elevated Theobald to

1350-464: The Conqueror ( Catalan / Valencian : Jaume I or Jaume el Conqueridor ; Aragonese : Chaime I o Conqueridor ; Spanish : Jaime I de Aragón or Jaime I el Conquistador ; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was King of Aragon , Count of Barcelona , and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and King of Valencia from 1238 to 1276. His long reign of 62 years

1404-601: The Mixed Group. In the 2016 general elections in Spain , Compromís ran again in a coalition with Podemos, called A la valenciana ("The Valencian Way"), this time the coalition included as well United Left of the Valencian Country , the Valencian branch of United Left . Valencian parliament Opposition (59) The Corts Valencianes ( Valencian pronunciation: [ˈkoɾ(d)z valensiˈanes] ), commonly known as Les Corts ( [les ˈkoɾ(t)s] ), are

1458-579: The aforementioned Peter received the Hispanic possessions on the mainland and James received the Kingdom of Majorca , which included the Balearic Islands, the counties of Roussillon and Cerdanya , and the Lordship of Montpellier. The division inevitably produced fratricidal conflicts. In 1276, the king fell very ill at Alzira and resigned his crown, intending to retire to the monastery of Poblet , but he died at Valencia on 27 July. His mummified body

1512-430: The army might not take alarm. James first married, in 1221, Eleanor , daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor of England . Though he later had the marriage annulled, his one son by her was declared legitimate: In 1235, James remarried to Yolanda , daughter of Andrew II of Hungary by his second wife Yolande de Courtenay. They had numerous children: James married thirdly Teresa Gil de Vidaure , but only by

1566-421: The assemblies took place in Valencia cathedral. The Valencian Corts of 1418, fixed the duration of the corts at three years. In the middle of the fifteenth century, the Valencian institutions were definitively established. With the unification of the crowns of Castille and Aragon, the Valencian corts declined in importance and were less frequently convened during the sixteenth century, a trend that continued in

1620-432: The beginning of each reign, in the first month after their entry into the city. This obligation was renewed during the corts of 1271, the corts were summoned by James I and later by his son Peter III of Aragon . Those Corts were the only obligatory meetings, but the king summoned the corts on other occasions when required. In 1302, James II decided that it was necessary to summon the corts every three years. Later, during

1674-553: The boy to be educated in Montfort's care in 1211, but was soon forced to take up arms against him, dying at the Battle of Muret on 12 September 1213. Montfort would willingly have used James as a means of extending his own power had not the Aragonese appealed to Pope Innocent III , who insisted that Montfort surrender him. James was handed over to the papal legate Peter of Benevento at Carcassonne in May or June 1214. James

Coalició Compromís - Misplaced Pages Continue

1728-472: The case of Navarre, he declined to launch into perilous adventures. By the Treaty of Corbeil , signed in May 1258, he ended his conflict with Louis IX of France , securing the renunciation of any historical French claims to sovereignty over Catalonia , including the County of Barcelona. After his false start at uniting Aragon with the Kingdom of Navarre through a scheme of mutual adoption, James turned to

1782-567: The composition of Corts, its functions, the basic principles of the electoral system, and traces the general framework of the Statute of the Deputies. Laws which develop the Statute, the rules of the Corts Valencianes regulate the organization and the operation of the Corts. The first rules were adopted during the transition stage. Since that moment, the rules have been modified on various occasions;

1836-408: The conquest and reign of James I of Aragon , the economic and military needs of the Crown of Aragon justified some meetings of the king with representatives of the three social classes (the nobility, who controlled the military forces, the church and the middle class), to obtain military or financial services. The economic needs justified those meetings, and at the beginning of the sixteenth century,

1890-568: The continuator of William of Tyre , he returned via Montpellier por l'amor de sa dame Berenguiere ("for the love of his lady Berengaria") and abandoned any further effort at a crusade. James's sons Pedro Fernández and Fernán Sánchez , who had been given command of part of the fleet, did continue on their way to Acre , where they arrived in December. They found that Baibars , the Mameluke Sultan of Egypt , had broken his truce with

1944-415: The corts of 1336, Peter IV confirmed this triennial meeting, by specifying that the corts were to meet every three years on All Saints' Day . During the thirteenth century and at the beginning of the fourteenth, the representations of the other cities in the Kingdom of Valencia were gradually added, until the corts of 1239, during which the representations of various territories met, already constituting

1998-611: The corts of all the Kingdom. From that moment, the most important cities always met, while others attended depending on the relevance to them of the subjects being discussed. However, the representation was generally important. For example, in the Corts of Valencia of 1510, the following towns were represented: Ademús, Alacant, Alcoi, Alpuente, Alzira, Biar, Bocairent, Borriana, Cabdet, Castelló, Castielfabib , Cullera, Llíria, Morella, Ontinyent, Orihuela, Penàguila, Peníscola, València, Vila Joiosa, Vila-real, Xàtiva, Xèrica and Xixona. Half of

2052-435: The current drafting was ratified on 30 June 1994. The 1982 Statute of Autonomy states that the Corts will have a number of deputies ranging from 75 to 100. The current electoral law fixes the number at 99 deputies, divided according to the provinces and the electoral constituencies. Currently in the legislature 35 deputies are elected for the Province of Alicante , 24 deputies for the Province of Castellón and 40 deputies for

2106-555: The decisive Battle of the Puig , where the Aragonese commander, Bernat Guillem I d'Entença , who was also the king's cousin, died from wounds received in action. Chroniclers say James used gunpowder in the siege of Museros castle. During his remaining two decades after Corbeil, James warred with the Moors in Murcia , on behalf of his son-in-law Alfonso X of Castile . On 26 March 1244,

2160-537: The elections of 1999 when the PP won an absolute majority with 49 seats. Although they lost a seat in 2003, they strengthened their position in the elections of 2007 and 2011, winning a record 55 seats. In the 2015 elections PP lost the majority, and PSPV and Compromís are governing in coalition. Following the passing of the statute of autonomy of the Valencian Community, which established local government for

2214-459: The king, the conquest of Majorca was mainly a Catalan undertaking, and Catalans would later make up the majority of Majorca's settlers. James conquered Majorca on 31 December 1229, and Menorca (1232) and Ibiza (1235) were later acquired during the reconquest. Valencia capitulated to Aragonese rule on 28 September 1238, following an extensive campaign that included the Siege of Burriana and

Coalició Compromís - Misplaced Pages Continue

2268-799: The main legislative body of the Generalitat Valenciana and therefore of the Valencian Community . The main location of the Corts is in the Palace of the Borgias in Valencia ; however it can meet at any location in the Valencian lands. The Corts has its origins in bodies established in the thirteenth century by King James I of Aragon . The modern institution was established in 1982 under the Valencian statute of autonomy of 1982. The current Corts were elected in 2023. Following

2322-482: The name of Jehuda was employed at James's court during this period. Though James was himself a prose writer and sponsored mostly prose works, he had an appreciation of verse. In consequence of the Albigensian Crusade , many troubadours were forced to flee southern France and many found refuge in Aragon. Notwithstanding his early patronage of poetry, by the influence of his confessor Ramon de Penyafort , James brought

2376-484: The region, the Corts became the regional assembly, elected every four years by universal adult suffrage. The name originated in the historic Valencian Corts, however previous bodies of that name had different functions representing three institutions: the clergy, the military/nobility and the royal family. The Statute of Autonomy primarily defines the Corts Valencianes in chapter II, title II, although there are also references in other articles. The Statute simply indicates

2430-522: The seventeenth century. The last corts met in Valencia in 1645. Finally, after the War of the Spanish Succession and the new decree of 1707, the Kingdom of Valencia and its local rights were abolished. The Corts Valencianes were not convened again until their reestablishment under the Statute of Autonomy of 1982. As of the coming into effect of the Statute of Autonomy, the Corts have operated like

2484-494: The south and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . On 5 September 1229, the troops from Aragon, consisting of 155 ships, 1,500 horsemen and 15,000 soldiers, set sail from Tarragona, Salou, and Cambrils, in southern Catalonia, to conquer Majorca from Abu Yahya , the semi-independent Almohad governor of the island. Although a group of Aragonese knights took part in the campaign because of their obligations to

2538-454: The throne instead, and James disputed it. Pope Gregory IX was required to intervene. In the end, James accepted Theobald's succession. James endeavoured to form a state straddling the Pyrenees in order to counterbalance the power of France north of the river Loire . As with the much earlier Visigothic attempt, this policy was victim to physical, cultural, and political obstacles. As in

2592-437: The two monarchs signed the Treaty of Almizra to establish their zones of expansion into Andalusia so as to prevent squabbling between them. Specifically, it defined the borders of the newly created Kingdom of Valencia . James signed it on that date, but Alfonso did not affirm it until much later. According to the treaty, all lands south of a line from Biar to Villajoyosa through Busot were reserved for Castile. Abaqa ,

2646-593: The votes) and 6 of the 99 seats. In the 2011 Spanish general election , running in coalition with Equo in the three Valencian provinces, it won 0.5% of the national vote and 1 MP in Congress ( Joan Baldoví ), nearing 5% of the total vote in the Valencian Community . In the 2014 European Parliament election it won 1 seat within the European Spring ( Spanish : Primavera Europea ) coalition with other parties (such as Chunta Aragonesista or Equo ). In

2700-479: Was later exhumed in 1856, when the monastery was under repair. A photograph of the king was taken. The photograph of the head of the mummy clearly shows the wound in the left eyebrow that the king himself explained in a passage from his Llibre dels fets (Book of Deeds): As I was coming with the men, I happened to turn my head towards the town in order to look at the Saracens, who had come out in great force, when

2754-552: Was married to Eleanor , daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile . The next six years of his reign were full of rebellions on the part of the nobles. By the Peace of Alcalá of 31 March 1227, the nobles and the king came to terms. In 1228, James faced the sternest opposition yet from a vassal. Guerau IV de Cabrera occupied the County of Urgell in opposition to Aurembiax , the heiress of Ermengol VIII , who had died without sons in 1208. Although Aurembiax's mother, Elvira, had made herself

SECTION 50

#1732772418764

2808-697: Was raised by the Knights Templar Crusaders , who had defeated his father, who was fighting for the Pope alongside the French. It was thus effectively forbidden for him to try to maintain the traditional influence of the Count of Barcelona that previously existed in Occitania and Languedoc . As a legislator and organiser, he occupies a high place among the European kings . King James I compiled

2862-563: Was then campaigning in Murcia , made peace with Muhammad I , the Sultan of Granada , and set about collecting funds for a crusade. After organising the government for his absence and assembling a fleet at Barcelona in September 1269, he was ready to sail east. The troubadour Olivier lo Templier composed a song praising the voyage and hoping for its success. A storm, however, drove him off course, and he landed at Aigues-Mortes . According to

2916-539: Was then sent to Monzón , where he was entrusted to the care of Guillem de Montredó , the head of the Knights Templar in Aragon and Provence; the regency meanwhile fell to his great-uncle Sancho, Count of Roussillon , and his son, the king's cousin, Nuño . The kingdom was given over to confusion until, in 1217, the Templars and some of the more loyal nobles brought the young king to Zaragoza . In 1221, he

#763236