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103-522: Coalinga ( / ˌ k oʊ . ə ˈ l ɪ ŋ ɡ ə / or / k ə ˈ l ɪ ŋ ɡ ə / ) is a city in Fresno County and the western San Joaquin Valley , in central California about 80 miles (128 km) southeast of Salinas . It was formerly known as Coaling Station A , Coalingo , and Coalinga Station . The population was 13,380 as of the 2010 census, up from 11,668 at the 2000 census. It

206-470: A GOP-leaning swing county. It barely favored Reagan's successor (then) vice president George H. W. Bush in 1988 . Fresno would narrowly vote Democratic for Bill Clinton in 1992 , marking the first time that Democrats won the county since Jimmy Carter in 1976 . Republicans won elections in Fresno County by increasing margins from 1996 to 2004 , then again in 2024 . Between 2008 to 2020 ,

309-651: A coastal city in Norway at 70°N, is in zone 7, and even Longyearbyen , the northernmost true city in the world at 78°N, is still in zone 4. All these coastal locations have one thing in common, though, which are cool, damp summers, with temperatures rarely exceeding 20 °C (68 °F), or 15 °C (59 °F) in Longyearbyen. This shows the importance of taking heat zones into account for better understanding of what may or may not grow. In Sweden and Finland generally, at sea level to 500 metres (1,600 ft), zone 3

412-551: A continued warming trend in the United States' climate. The USDA plant hardiness zones for selected U.S. cities as based on the 2023 map are the following: As the USDA system is based entirely on average annual extreme minimum temperature in an area, it is limited in its ability to describe the climatic conditions a gardener may have to account for in a particular area: there are many other factors that determine whether or not

515-519: A draft revised map, using temperature data collected from July 1986 to March 2002. The 2003 map placed many areas approximately a half-zone higher (warmer) than the USDA's 1990 map. Reviewers noted the map zones appeared to be closer to the original USDA 1960 map in its overall zone delineations. Their map purported to show finer detail, for example, reflecting urban heat islands by showing the downtown areas of several cities (e.g., Baltimore , Maryland; Washington, D.C. , and Atlantic City, New Jersey ) as

618-678: A full zone warmer than outlying areas. The map excluded the detailed a/b half-zones introduced in the USDA's 1990 map, an omission widely criticized by horticulturists and gardeners due to the coarseness of the resulting map. The USDA rejected the AHS 2003 draft map and created its own map in an interactive computer format, which the American Horticultural Society now uses. In 2006, the Arbor Day Foundation released an update of U.S. hardiness zones, using mostly

721-524: A given plant can survive in a given zone. Zone information alone is often not adequate for predicting winter survival, since factors such as frost dates and frequency of snow cover can vary widely between regions. Even the extreme minimum itself may not be useful when comparing regions in widely different climate zones . As an extreme example, due to the Gulf Stream most of the United Kingdom

824-402: A majority of Democratic voters. Presidential elections have been competitive in recent decades. In 2020 , Joe Biden became the first Democratic presidential candidate since Lyndon Johnson in 1964 to win a majority of the vote in Fresno County. The cities of Clovis , Coalinga , and Kingsburg voted overwhelmingly for Mitt Romney in 2012 . Reedley did so by much lesser margins and

927-510: A political party. Republicans have a plurality or majority of voter roll registration in the cities of Clovis, Coalinga, Kingsburg, Reedley, and the unincorporated areas. The other cities and towns have Democratic pluralities or majorities. From Fresno County's incorporation in 1856, it voted Democratic in every election until 1904 , when President Theodore Roosevelt stood for re-election. Fresno County backed Roosevelt over his Democratic opponent Alton B. Parker . This did not immediately change

1030-453: A population of 13,380. The population density was 2,175.8 inhabitants per square mile (840.1/km). The racial makeup of Coalinga was 7,734 (57.8%) White , 549 (4.1%) African American , 171 (1.3%) Native American , 407 (3.0%) Asian , 36 (0.3%) Pacific Islander , 3,937 (29.4%) from other races , and 546 (4.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7,161 persons (53.5%). The Census reported that 11,752 people (87.8% of

1133-556: A population of 930,450. The racial makeup of Fresno County was 515,145 (55.4%) White , 49,523 (5.3%) African American , 15,649 (1.7%) Native American , 89,357 (9.6%) Asian (3.3% Hmong, 1.7% Asian Indian, 1.0% Filipino, 0.8% Laotian, 0.6% Chinese, 0.5% Japanese, 0.5% Cambodian, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.2% Korean, 0.1% Pakistani, 0.1% Thai), 1,405 (0.2%) Pacific Islander , 217,085 (23.3%) from other races , and 42,286 (4.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 468,070 persons (50.3%). 46.0% of Fresno County's population

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1236-498: A result of the more recent data, as well as new mapping methods and additional information gathered. Many areas were a half-zone warmer than the previous 1990 map. The 2012 map was created digitally for the internet, and includes a ZIP Code zone finder and an interactive map. In 2015, the Arbor Day Foundation revised another map, also with no a and b subdivisions, showing many areas having zones even warmer, with

1339-502: A series that breaks up climate zones more finely than the USDA zones, identifying 45 distinct zones in the US, incorporating ranges of temperatures in all seasons, precipitation, wind patterns, elevation, and length and structure of the growing season. In addition, the Köppen climate classification system can be used as a more general guide to growing conditions when considering large areas of

1442-440: A ten-year record. One is in zone 4a, one in zone 4b, and the other is in zone 5a. Sydney residents are split between zones 3a and 4b. Different locations in the same city are suitable for different plants. Climate variables that reflect the capacity and detriments to plant growth are used to develop an index that is mapped to Canada's Plant Hardiness Zones. This index comes from a formula originally developed by Ouellet and Sherk in

1545-475: Is 8–9 (some highland areas are slightly colder). The Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic coast, much of Andalusia and Murcia , coastal and slightly inland southern Valencian Community , a part of coastal Catalonia , the Balearic Islands , southwestern Sardinia , most of Sicily , coastal southern Italy, some areas around Albania , coastal Cyprus and southwestern Greece are in zone 10. In Europe,

1648-476: Is also on the museum's property. The museum continues to collect historical items donated to the collection. The Coalinga Rifle Club, whose 25 point, 1000 yard range facility is west of town, is host to various California State Rifle Championships. These include: California State Long Range, Mid Range, Palma Rifle, Fullbore, Service Rifle and High Power Championships. In the past, the Navy SEALs have trained at

1751-540: Is chronically threatened by the presence of the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter and the disease it carries, Pierce's Disease. See Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter in California and Pierce's Disease in California . Pistachio production in the United States was 523,900 MT in 2021, with 40% of that number being from Fresno, California. The peach harvest was worth $ 264,139,238 in 2017. Fresno is

1854-458: Is in zone 3b while nearby Kraków , only 80 km (50 mi) to the north and 300 m (980 ft) lower is in zone 6a. These examples prove that local topography can have a pronounced effect on temperature and thus on what is possible to grow in a specific region. The southern European marker plant for climate as well as cultural indicator is the olive tree , which cannot withstand long periods below freezing so its cultivation area matches

1957-526: Is in zones 8–9, while in the US, zones 8–9 include regions such as the subtropical coastal areas of the southeastern US and Mojave and Chihuahuan inland deserts, thus an American gardener in such an area may only have to plan for several nights of cold temperatures per year, while their British counterpart may have to plan for several months. In addition, the zones do not incorporate any information about duration of cold temperatures, summer temperatures, or sun intensity insolation ; thus sites which may have

2060-529: Is median family income in 1999 dollars. "Med. home value" is the median value of single-family houses. "Poverty families" is the percentage of families with incomes below the poverty level. "High school diploma" is the percentage of people 25 years and over who had graduated from high school. The Horned Toad Derby is held in Coalinga in late May over the Memorial Day weekend annually. The three-day event

2163-514: Is nearby. Coalinga is located at the junction of California State Route 198 and California State Route 33 . Fresno County Rural Transit Agency provides Monday through Saturday bus service between Coalinga and Fresno , including stops at Fresno Amtrak and Fresno International Airport . FlixBus stops twice daily at the ARCO station, en route to Los Angeles and the Bay Area. The city owns

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2266-515: Is north of the Arctic Circle, including cities like Karesuando and Pajala . Kiruna is the major exception here, which being located on a hill above frost traps , is in zone 5. Zone 4 lies between the Arctic Circle and about 64–66°N, with cities such as Oulu , Rovaniemi and Jokkmokk , zone 5 (south to 61–62°N) contains cities such as Tampere , Umeå , and Östersund . Zone 6 covers the south of mainland Finland, Sweden north of 60°N, and

2369-679: Is now a GOP-leaning "swing" city in the county. Huron , Mendota , Orange Cove , Parlier , Fowler , Firebaugh , Fresno , Kerman , Sanger , Selma , and San Joaquin voted overwhelmingly for President Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012. According to the California Secretary of State , in October 2012, there were 410,188 registered voters in Fresno County. 158,267 (38.6%) were registered Republican, 164,663 (40.1%) were registered Democratic, 19,841 (4.8%) are registered with other political parties, and 67,417 (16.4%) declined to state

2472-413: Is of Mexican descent; 0.7% of its residents are Salvadoran, and 0.3% of its residents are Puerto Rican. As of the census of 2000, there were 799,407 people, 252,940 households, and 186,669 families residing in the county. The population density was 134 people per square mile (52 people/km ). There were 270,767 housing units at an average density of 45 per square mile (17/km ). The racial makeup of

2575-527: Is similar to the more famous Jumping Frog Jubilee held in Calaveras County, California , but utilizes locally caught horned toads (lizards) rather than frogs. The tradition began in 1935. The WHAMOBASS Balloon Rally is hosted by Coalinga annually on the November weekend closest to Montgolfiere Day (November 21) every year. It's the longest consecutively running annual hot air balloon rally in

2678-554: Is the primary industry in Fresno County. 1.88 million acres (0.76 million hectares; 7,600 square kilometres; 2,940 square miles) are under cultivation, almost half the total county area of 3.84 million acres (1.55 million hectares; 15,500 square kilometres; 6,000 square miles). Ag production totaled $ 7.98 billion in 2017, making it the number one agricultural county in the nation. Over 300 different crops are grown here. Major crops and livestocks include: The grape harvest brought in $ 1,046,356,645 in 2017. Production

2781-497: Is the site of both Pleasant Valley State Prison and Coalinga State Hospital . Legendary bandit Joaquin Murrieta was killed in 1853 at his headquarters, Arroyo de Cantua, north of Coalinga. California Historical Landmark #344 marks the approximate site of where he was slain, near the junction of present-day State Route 33 and Route 198 . Before 20th-century diesel locomotives , steam locomotives were used, and powered in

2884-642: The 49th most populous combined statistical area and the 55th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. The Government of Fresno County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution , law , and the Charter of the County of Fresno. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as

2987-655: The American Horticultural Society (AHS) heat zones use the average number of days per year when the temperature exceeds 30 °C (86 °F). The USDA system was originally developed to aid gardeners and landscapers in the United States. In the United States, most of the warmer zones (zones 9, 10, and 11) are located in the deep southern half of the country and on the southern coastal margins. Higher zones can be found in Hawaii (up to 12) and Puerto Rico (up to 13). The southern middle portion of

3090-465: The Coalinga oil field whose principal operator, Chevron , is a major employer in the area. On May 2, 1983, Coalinga was struck by an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.5, which nearly destroyed more than 300 homes and apartment buildings; another 691 buildings suffered major damage, and hundreds more had minor damage. Damage was severe in downtown Coalinga; the eight-block commercial district

3193-551: The Diablo Range . Underlying rock formations include the occurrence of Vaqueros sandstone . Surrounding the town in a semicircle from the west, around the north, and to the east are several anticlinal formations containing considerable accumulations of petroleum as the Coalinga Oil Field , from which oil has been withdrawn for more than a hundred years. The city is located near a particularly active portion of

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3296-551: The Dodecanese , Cyclades and some Argo-Saronic Gulf islands. The Mediterranean islands of Malta , Lampedusa and Linosa belong to zone 11a as well as a few areas on the southernmost coast of Cyprus . The Balkan area is also more prone to cold snaps and episodes of unseasonable warmth. For instance, despite having similar daily means and temperature amplitudes to Nantucket, Massachusetts , for each month, Sarajevo has recorded below-freezing temperatures in every month of

3399-709: The Fresno County Jail in downtown Fresno. The department provides police patrol and detective services for the unincorporated areas of the county which encompasses approximately 250,000 residents, or 25% of the county's total population. The department also provides law enforcement services by contract with the city of San Joaquin , population 4100. Municipal police departments in the county are: Fresno, population 500,000; Clovis, 110,000; Sanger, 25,000; Reedley, 24,000; Selma, 23,000; Coalinga, 17,000; Kerman, 14,000; Kingsburg, 12,000; Huron, 7,000; Firebaugh, 8,500; Fowler, 6,500. Fresno County's voter registration shows

3502-662: The Guijarral Hills Oil Field ; and Pleasant Valley State Prison . Coalinga State Hospital opened in September 2005. It was California's first new mental health hospital in more than 50 years, a 1,500-bed facility built specifically to house sexually violent predators . In 2016 Coalinga was one of the first cities to pass an ordinance allowing for the cultivation, manufacturing and distribution of cannabis . The City sold its old Claremont Custody Center (jail) to Ocean Grown Extracts for $ 4.1 million, to help

3605-567: The Gulf Coast , and southern Arizona and California , are responsible for the rarity of episodes of severe cold relative to normal in those areas. The warmest zone in the 48 contiguous states is the Florida Keys (11b) and the coldest is in north-central Minnesota (2b). A couple of locations on the northern coast of Puerto Rico have the warmest hardiness zone in the United States at 13b. Conversely, isolated inland areas of Alaska have

3708-574: The New Coalinga Municipal Airport , located east of town. Fresno County, California Fresno County ( / ˈ f r ɛ z n oʊ / ), officially the County of Fresno , is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2020 Census , the population was 1,008,654. The county seat is Fresno , the fifth-most populous city in California. Fresno County comprises

3811-469: The Polish Carpathians , which regularly reaches −35 °C (−31 °F) during winter on calm nights when cold and heavy airmasses from the surrounding Gorce and Tatra Mountains descend down the slopes to this low-lying valley, creating extremes which can be up to 10 °C (18 °F) colder than nearby Nowy Targ or Białka Tatrzańska , which are both higher up in elevation. Waksmund

3914-530: The San Andreas Fault , and earthquakes are frequent. Coalinga has a cold semi-arid climate ( BSk ), with very hot summers and cool winters. Its hardiness zone is 9a. The average annual precipitation is 8.18 inches (208 mm), falling mainly from October to May. The city's main industries are agriculture , oil , Cannabis , education and incarceration . The city is home to the Coalinga Oil Field , operated by Chevron and Aera Energy ;

4017-714: The San Joaquin River , Kings River , Delta-Mendota Canal , Big Creek , Friant Kern Canal , Helm Canal and Madera Canal . It is bordered on the west by the Coast Range and on the east by the Sierra Nevada . It is the center of a large agricultural area, known as the most agriculturally rich county in the United States . The county withdrew 3.7 billion US gallons (14,000,000 m ) of fresh water per day in 2000, more than any other county in

4120-694: The Sheriff , District Attorney, Assessor-Recorder, Auditor-Controller/Treasurer-Tax Collector, and Clerk/Registrar of Voters, and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the County Administrator. As of February 2018 the members of the Fresno County Board of Supervisors are: The Fresno County Sheriff provides court protection, jail administration, and coroner services for all of Fresno County and its population of approximately of 994,400 residents. They operate

4223-580: The US National Arboretum in Washington . The first map was issued in 1960, and revised in 1965. It used uniform 10 °F (5.6 °C) ranges, and gradually became widespread among American gardeners. The USDA map was revised and reissued in 1990 with freshly available climate data, this time with five-degree distinctions dividing each zone into new "a" and "b" subdivisions. In 2003, the American Horticultural Society (AHS) produced

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4326-497: The tropics , have hardiness zones that range from 12 to 13 in the coastal areas, while the lowest hardiness zone is found in the island of Fogo , in the country's highest peak Pico do Fogo . In addition to the USDA Hardiness zones there are American Horticultural Society (AHS) heat zones. The criterion is the average number of days per year when the temperature exceeds 30 °C (86 °F). The AHS Heat Zone Map for

4429-567: The Earth's surface or attempting to make comparisons between different continents. The Trewartha climate classification is often a good "real world" concept of climates and their relation to plants and their average growing conditions. The Australian National Botanic Gardens have devised another system keeping with Australian conditions. The zones are defined by steps of 5 degrees Celsius, from −15–−10 °C for zone 1 to 15–20 °C for zone 7. They are numerically about 6 lower than

4532-622: The Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is part of the Fresno– Madera , CA Combined Statistical Area . It is located in the Central Valley , south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield . Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno County's and the entire Central Valley's water security . The area now known as Fresno County was the traditional homeland of Yokuts and Mono peoples, and

4635-425: The Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The United States Census Bureau ranked the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as the 56th most populous metropolitan statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. The Office of Management and Budget has further designated the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as a component of the more extensive Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area ,

4738-538: The GOP had lost ground with Hispanic voters, thus allowing the county to swing Democratic, voting twice for Obama, and then for Hillary Clinton in 2016 , and for Joe Biden in 2020. However, in 2024 , Fresno County would swing Republican when it voted for Donald Trump , making it one of eight counties to flip from Biden to Trump, and making Fresno one of six counties to vote for the Republican presidential candidate for

4841-443: The Government of Fresno County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas. The County government is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, several other elected offices including

4944-534: The International Aerobatic Club. It relocated to Coalinga from Paso Robles in 2013. Visitors to the airport can view upwards of 45 pilots flying a wide variety of competitive aircraft in five categories of competition over a two-day period. The Harris Ranch is a cattle ranch that features a hotel, several restaurants, and a gift shop for travelers. It is located on Interstate 5 about 13 miles northeast of Coalinga. The Harris Ranch Airport

5047-487: The San Joaquin Valley by burning coal mined from the northern foothills of Mount Diablo to the north. The Southern Pacific Railroad Company established the site as a coaling station in 1888, and it was called simply Coaling Station A. Local tradition has it that an official of Southern Pacific made the name more sonorous by adding an a to it. However, it is just as likely that the small railside signs of

5150-407: The US is available on the American Horticultural Society website. South Africa has five horticultural or climatic zones. The zones are defined by minimum temperature. The USDA map published in 2012 shows that most of the US has become a half zone (2.8 °C or 5 °F) hotter in winter compared to the 1990 release. Again, with the publication of the 2023 map, about half of the US has shifted

5253-616: The USDA scale. However, some confusion can exist in discussing buildings and HVAC , where "climate zone" can refer to the International Energy Conservation Code zones, where Zone 1 is warm and Zone 8 is cold. Other hardiness rating schemes have been developed as well, such as the UK Royal Horticultural Society and US Sunset Western Garden Book systems. A heat zone (see below) is instead defined by annual high temperatures;

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5356-559: The USDA system. For example, Australian zone 3 is roughly equivalent to USDA zone 9. The higher Australian zone numbers had no US equivalents prior to the 2012 addition by USDA of zones 12 and 13. The spread of weather stations may be insufficient and too many places with different climates are lumped together. Only 738 Australian stations have records of more than ten years (one station per 98,491 hectares or 243,380 acres), though more populated areas have relatively fewer hectares per station. Mount Isa has three climatic stations with more than

5459-458: The United Kingdom's Royal Horticultural Society introduced new hardiness ratings for plants, not places. These run from H7, the hardiest (tolerant of temperatures below −20 °C (−4 °F)) to H1a (needing temperatures above 15 °C (59 °F)). The RHS hardiness ratings are based on absolute minimum winter temperatures (in °C) rather than the long-term average annual extreme minimum temperatures that define USDA zones. Scandinavia lies at

5562-539: The United States. In recent years, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno's and the entire Central Valley's water security . Fresno County is part of the Madera AVA wine region . However, Fresno was named after two particular ash trees that grew near the town of Minkler on the Kings River, one of which is still alive and standing. A number of minerals have been discovered in

5665-422: The age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.59. In the county, the population was spread out, with 32.1% under

5768-462: The age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 34,725, and the median income for a family was $ 38,455. Males had a median income of $ 33,375 versus $ 26,501 for females. The per capita income for

5871-471: The area. In 1865, William Helm brought his sheep to Fresno county, which was then a vast space of open land. Helm was the largest individual sheep grower in Fresno County. Moses Church developed the first canals , called "Church Ditches", for irrigation . These canals allowed extensive cultivation of wheat . Francis Eisen, leader of the wine industry in Fresno County, also began the raisin industry in 1875, when he accidentally let some of his grapes dry on

5974-594: The city get out of a financial crisis and to supply jobs to local residents. Coalinga is the site of Coalinga College (formally West Hills College-Coalinga), which is part of the California Community Colleges system . Its children are served by the Coalinga-Huron Joint Unified School District , of which Coalinga High School is a part. The 2010 United States Census reported that Coalinga had

6077-855: The city of Fresno, the Meux Home , and Kearney Mansion Museum . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 6,011 square miles (15,570 km ), of which 5,958 square miles (15,430 km ) is land and 53 square miles (140 km ) (0.9%) is water. Fresno County consists of about 38 smaller towns including Fresno, Selma, Parlier, Clovis, Reedly, Sanger, Kerman, Kingsburg, Coalinga, Firebaugh, Calwa, Friant, Mendota, Fowler, Shaver lake, San Joaquin, Orange Cove, Del Ray, Yokuts Valley, Auberry, Huron, Caruthers, Riverdale, Laton, Big Creek, Tranquility, Biola, Raisin City, Easton, Three Rocks, Cantou Creek, Lanare, Minkler, Mayfair, Malaga, Bowles, Monmouth, and West Park. Major watercourses are

6180-560: The coldest hardiness zone in the United States at 1a. The first attempts to create a geographical hardiness zone system were undertaken by two researchers at the Arnold Arboretum in Boston ; the first was published in 1927 by Alfred Rehder , and the second by Donald Wyman in 1938. The Arnold map was subsequently updated in 1951, 1967, and finally 1971, but eventually fell out of use completely. The modern USDA system began at

6283-649: The cool winter zone. The Mediterranean Sea acts as a temperature regulator, so this area is generally warmer than other parts of the continent; except in mountainous areas where the sea effect lowers, it belongs in zones 8–10; however, southern Balkans (mountainous Western and Eastern Serbia , continental Croatia , and Bulgaria ) are colder in winter and are in zones 6–7. The Croatian ( Dalmatian ) coast, Albania , and northern Greece are in zones 8–9, as are central-northern Italy (hills and some spots in Po Valley are however colder) and southern France ; Central Iberia

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6386-444: The county was $ 15,495. About 17.6% of families and 22.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 31.7% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over. Fresno County is also known for having the highest rate of chlamydia in the state. In 2006 it had 545.2 cases per 100,000 people, compared with the statewide average of 363.5. The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated Fresno County as

6489-522: The county was 54.3% White , 5.3% Black or African American , 1.6% Native American , 8.1% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 25.9% from other races , and 4.7% from two or more races. 44.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In terms of ancestry, the county was 7.5% German , 6.6% Irish , 6.3% English ancestry according to Census 2000 . 59.3% spoke English , 31.5% Spanish and 3.1% Hmong as their first language. There were 252,940 households, out of which 41.2% had children under

6592-718: The county's voting tendencies, however. It supported southern Democrat Woodrow Wilson in the elections of 1912 and 1916 . Fresno County was generally Republican from the onset of the "roaring 1920s" until the Great Depression, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt forged the New Deal Coalition that benefitted the agrarian county. From 1932 to 1976 , the county consistently voted Democratic , barring Richard Nixon 's landslide victory over former Senator George McGovern (D-SD) in 1972 . With President Jimmy Carter 's defeat by Ronald Reagan , Fresno became

6695-574: The county, including macdonaldite , krauskopfite , walstromite , fresnoite , verplanckite , muirite , traskite , and kampfite . In October 2019 , the Bureau of Land Management ended a five-year moratorium on leasing federal land in California to fossil fuel companies, opening 725,000 acres (1100 sq. miles; 29,000 ha) to drilling in San Benito , Monterey , and Fresno counties. The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno County had

6798-437: The county. It voted "Yes" in the 2021 gubernatorial recall election and has voted for the Republican gubernatorial candidate in every election since 1978 . On November 4, 2008, Fresno County voted 68.6% for Proposition 8 , which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages . The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense. Agriculture

6901-406: The day, which often abbreviated names, read "COALINGA" to mean "Coaling A." [Another example is Braner's Cut north of Eureka, whose sign said "BRACUT," which has now become the name of that spot along Highway 101.] The resemblance to Nahuatl (where cōātl = "snake") is accidental. The first post office was established in 1899. The city was incorporated in 1906. The town is mostly surrounded by

7004-1098: The first time since George W. Bush in 2004 In the United States House of Representatives , Fresno County is split among four congressional districts: In the California State Senate , the county is split among three legislative districts: In the California State Assembly , Fresno County is split between the 8th Assembly District, represented by Republican Jim Patterson, and the 31st Assembly District , represented by Democrat Joaquin Arambula . Fresno tends to remain socially conservative but more moderate on economic issues, which can be seen in Fresno's support for both socially conservative proposition amendments and Democratic candidates in presidential elections, especially if economic times are poor. In contrast, gubernatorial elections are considered safe for Republicans in

7107-600: The hardiness zones are high considering the latitude of the region, although not as high as Northern Europe with the Shetland Islands where zone 9 extends to over 60°N. In Central Europe, the relevant zones decrease from zone 8 on the Belgian, Dutch, and German North Sea coast, with the exception of some of the Frisian Islands (notably Vlieland and Terschelling ), the island of Helgoland , and some of

7210-569: The high plateau of Småland further south. Here one will find cities such as Gävle , Örebro , Sundsvall , and Helsinki . Åland , as well as coastal southern Sweden, and the Stockholm area are in zone 7. The west coast of Sweden ( Gothenburg and southwards) enjoys particularly mild winters and lies in zone 7, therefore being friendly to some hardy exotic species (found, for example, in the Gothenburg Botanical Garden ),

7313-515: The islands in the Rhine - Scheldt estuary, which are in zone 9, to zone 5 around Suwałki , Podlachia on the far eastern border between Poland and Lithuania . Some isolated, high elevation areas of the Alps and Carpathians may even go down to zone 3 or 4. An extreme example of a cold sink is Funtensee , Bavaria which is at least in zone 3. Another notable example is Waksmund , a small village in

7416-421: The latter, in terms of length of hot weather and sun intensity. Coastal Ireland and central Florida are both Zone 10, but have radically different climates. The hardiness scales do not take into account the reliability of snow cover in the colder zones. Snow acts as an insulator against extreme cold, protecting the root system of hibernating plants. If the snow cover is reliable, the actual temperature to which

7519-509: The location and the altitude. The islands are generally part of zones 11b/12a in lower altitudes and coastal areas, reaching up to 12b in the southernmost coasts or populated coastal parts such as the city of Las Palmas . The lowest hardiness areas are found in Teide National Park being at 8a/8b for its very high altitude. Teide peak is the highest peak of Macaronesia. The Cape Verde islands, located much further south inside

7622-655: The mainland and central coastal areas are in the middle zones (zones 8, 7, and 6). The far northern portion on the central interior of the mainland have some of the coldest zones (zones 5, 4, and small area of zone 3) and often have much less consistent range of temperatures in winter due to being more continental, especially further west with higher diurnal temperature variations, and thus the zone map has its limitations in these areas. Lower zones can be found in Alaska (down to 1). The low latitude and often stable weather in Florida ,

7725-501: The maps of Hawaii and Puerto Rico. There is a very small spot east of San Juan , Puerto Rico, that includes the airport in coastal Carolina , where the mean minimum is 67 degrees F (19 C), which is classified as hardiness Zone 13b, the highest category, with temperatures rarely below 65 °F (18 °C). The map has a higher resolution than previous editions, and is able to show local variations due to factors such as elevation or large bodies of water. Many zone boundaries were changed as

7828-1132: The mid-1960s. The formula used is: Y = -67.62 + 1.734X 1 + 0.1868X 2 + 69.77X 3 + 1.256X 4 + 0.006119X 5 + 22.37X 6 - 0.01832X 7 where: For practical purposes, Canada has adopted the American hardiness zone classification system. The 1990 version of the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map included Canada and Mexico, but they were removed with the 2012 update to focus on the United States and Puerto Rico. The Canadian government publishes both Canadian and USDA-style zone maps. The table below provides USDA hardiness zone data for selected European cities: USDA zones do not work particularly well in Ireland and Great Britain as they are designed for continental climates and subtropical climates. The high latitude, weaker solar intensity, and cooler summers must be considered when comparing to US equivalent. New growth may be insufficient or fail to harden off affecting winter survival in

7931-465: The most notable changes in the Mid Atlantic and Northeast, showing cities like Philadelphia, New York City and Washington D.C. in zone 8, due to their urban heat islands. In November 2023, the USDA released another updated version of their plant hardiness map, based on 1991–2020 weather data across the United States. The updated map shows continued northward movement of hardiness zones, reflecting

8034-432: The population was Hispanic or Latino. The median age in 2000 was 28.6 years, younger than the 33.3 figure for California and the 35.3 figure for the United States as a whole. The median income for a family was $ 41,208, about $ 11,000 less than for other families in California or the country at large. The Coalinga Chamber of Commerce Web site in 2007 estimated a population of 18,061 for the city. Notes: "Family income"

8137-643: The population) lived in households, 130 (1.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,498 (11.2%) were institutionalized. There were 3,896 households, out of which 1,809 (46.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,913 (49.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 658 (16.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 311 (8.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 341 (8.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 16 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 797 households (20.5%) were made up of individuals, and 220 (5.6%) had someone living alone who

8240-553: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 5,560 people (41.6%) lived in rental housing units. At the census of 2000, there were 11,668 people, 3,515 households, and 2,632 families residing in the city. These included 805 people who were living in group homes. The racial makeup of Coalinga under those circumstances was 57.3 percent white, 2.4 percent African American, 1.5 percent Native American , 1.7 percent Asian, 0.2 percent Pacific Islander, 32.3 percent from other races , and 4.6 percent from two or more races. About half

8343-506: The rifle club. It is also the home of the California Grizzlies, Junior National Champions for the last four years. They have recreational facilities for rifle, pistol, shotgun and a 500-meter Metallic Silhouette Range. The New Coalinga Municipal Airport is host to the annual Northern California Aerobatic contest. This early June event is typically the largest of five annual California regional aerobatic contests sanctioned by

8446-512: The roots are exposed will not be as low as the hardiness zone number would indicate. As an example, Quebec City in Canada is located in zone 4, but can rely on a significant snow cover every year, making it possible to cultivate plants normally rated for zones 5 or 6. But, in Montreal , located to the southwest in zone 5, it is sometimes difficult to cultivate plants adapted to the zone because of

8549-565: The same data as the AHS. It revised hardiness zones, reflecting generally warmer recent temperatures in many parts of the country, and appeared similar to the AHS 2003 draft. The Foundation also did away with the more detailed a/b half-zone delineations. In 2012 the USDA updated their plant hardiness map based on 1976–2005 weather data, using a longer period of data to smooth out year-to-year weather fluctuations. Two new zones (12 and 13) were added to better define and improve information sharing on tropical and semitropical plants, they also appear on

8652-514: The same latitude as Alaska or Greenland, but the effect of the warm North Atlantic Current is even more pronounced here than it is in Britain and Ireland. Save for a very small spot around Karasjok Municipality , Norway, which is in zone 2, nowhere in the Arctic part of Scandinavia gets below zone 3. The Faroe Islands , at 62–63°N are in zone 8, as are the outer Lofoten Islands at 68°N. Tromsø ,

8755-424: The same mean winter minima on the few coldest nights and be in the same garden zone, but have markedly different climates. For example, zone 8 covers coastal, high latitude, cool summer locations like Seattle and London , as well as lower latitude, hot-summer climates like Charleston and Madrid . Farmers, gardeners, and landscapers in the former two must plan for entirely different growing conditions from those in

8858-555: The second highest cotton producer in the state, harvesting 223,443 bales in 2017. This is a close second to neighboring Kings . Due to its tremendous agricultural success, the county also has a tremendous problem with glyphosate resistance . Okada et al. , 2013 finds a high degree of resistance in Marestail ( Conyza canadensis ). Hardiness zone Unless otherwise specified, in American contexts "hardiness zone" or simply "zone" usually refers to

8961-547: The shorter and much cooler summers of Ireland and Britain. Owing to the moderating effect of the North Atlantic Current on the Irish and British temperate maritime climate , Britain, and Ireland even more so, have milder winters than their northerly position would otherwise afford. This means that the USDA hardiness zones relevant to Britain and Ireland are quite high, from 7 to 10, as shown below. In 2012

9064-503: The southeast coast of Sweden has a colder winter due to the absence of the Gulf Stream. Central Europe is a good example of a transition from an oceanic climate to a continental climate , which reflects in the tendency of the hardiness zones to decrease mainly eastwards instead of northwards. Also, the plateaus and low mountain ranges in this region have a significant impact on how cold it might get during winter. Generally speaking,

9167-406: The sun, natural or humanmade protection from excessive sun, snow, frost, and wind, etc. The annual extreme minimum temperature is a useful indicator, but ultimately only one factor among many for plant growth and survival. An alternative means of describing plant hardiness is to use "indicator plants". In this method, common plants with known limits to their range are used. Sunset publishes

9270-508: The unreliable snow cover. Many plants may survive in a locality but will not flower if the day length is insufficient or if they require vernalization (a particular duration of low temperature). There are many other climate parameters that a farmer, gardener, or landscaper may need to take into account as well, such as humidity, precipitation, storms, rainy-dry cycles or monsoons, and site considerations such as soil type, soil drainage and water retention, water table, tilt towards or away from

9373-440: The vine. Anthony Easterby and Clovis Cole developed extensive grain and cattle ranches. These and other citizens laid the groundwork for the cultivation of Fresno County – now one of the nation's leading agricultural regions. In more recent times cotton became a major crop in Fresno and the southern San Joaquin Valley, but recent drought and lower demand have lessened cotton's importance to the local economy. The discovery of oil in

9476-409: The water was going to run dry before the end of 2022. Due to statewide floods that winter, though, the prediction was no longer valid. Coalinga is located 52 miles (84 km) southwest of Fresno , at an elevation of 673 feet (205 m). The topography is generally level, suitable for a number of field crops which do not require large amounts of water. It is located near the eastern foothills of

9579-481: The western part of the county, near the town of Coalinga at the foot of the Coast Ranges , brought about an economic boom in the 1900s (decade), even though the field itself was known at least as early as the 1860s. By 1910, Coalinga Oil Field , the largest field in Fresno County, was the most richly productive oil field in California; a dramatic oil gusher in 1909, the biggest in California up until that time,

9682-657: The world. It is sponsored by the Whiskey Hill Atherton Menlo Oaks Ballooning & Sporting Society. Typically, more than 40 balloons ascend at dawn on Saturday and Sunday morning from the athletic field of West Hills College Coalinga . A small number fly on Friday and occasionally on Thursday. The R.C. Baker Memorial Museum is housed in the former Baker Oil Tools machine shop in town. The museum displays local fossils, models of prehistoric fauna, Native American artifacts, and items from pioneer settlers. A restored 1934 Richfield gas station

9785-737: The year. Macaronesia consists of four archipelagos: The Azores , the Canary Islands , Cape Verde and Madeira . At lower altitudes and coastal areas, the Portuguese Azores and Madeira belong to zones 10b/11b and 11a/11b respectively. The Azores range from 9a to 11b and Madeira ranges from 9b to 12a, 9a and 9b found inland on the highest altitudes such as Mount Pico in the Azores or Pico Ruivo in Madeira. The Spanish Canary Islands hardiness zones range from 8a to 12b depending on

9888-626: The zone 11a is limited only to a few spots. In the Iberian Peninsula, it can be found on the southern coast, in small Spanish areas inside the provinces of Almería , Cádiz , Granada , Málaga and Murcia . In Portugal , zone 11a can be found in the Southwest on a few unpopulated sites around the municipalities of Lagos and Vila do Bispo . In mainland Greece , zone 11a can be found in Monemvasia and also in areas of Crete ,

9991-429: Was 31.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 123.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 132.1 males. There were 4,344 housing units at an average density of 706.4 per square mile (272.7/km), of which 3,896 were occupied, of which 1,996 (51.2%) were owner-occupied, and 1,900 (48.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.4%. 6,192 people (46.3% of

10094-417: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02. There were 2,882 families (74.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.49. The population was spread out, with 3,763 people (28.1%) under the age of 18, 1,610 people (12.0%) aged 18 to 24, 3,646 people (27.2%) aged 25 to 44, 3,308 people (24.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,053 people (7.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

10197-443: Was almost totally destroyed. The shock was felt as far away as Los Angeles and western Nevada , and was followed by a series of aftershocks that caused additional minor damage and some injuries. Only one death was reported: a man who succumbed to a heart attack. In 2022, the city struggled to confront an acute water shortage. The city’s only water source is an aqueduct that is managed by the federal government. Officials estimated that

10300-599: Was along the San Joaquin River in Millerton , but was moved to the rapidly growing town of Fresno on the newly built Southern Pacific Railroad line. A special election was held on March 23, 1874, to decide if Millerton should remain the County Seat or if the County Seat should be moved to another location. Fresno won the election that day and became the new Fresno County Seat. The settling of Fresno County

10403-667: Was an event of sufficient excitement to cause the Los Angeles Stock Exchange to close for a day so that its members could come by train to view it. The Coalinga field continues to produce oil, and is currently the eighth-largest field in the state. More than thirty structures in Fresno County are on the National Register of Historic Places, including the Fresno Water Tower , which once held over 250,000 US gallons (950 m ) of water for

10506-635: Was later settled by Spaniards during a search for suitable mission sites. In 1846, this area became part of the United States as a result of the Mexican War. Fresno County was formed in 1856 from parts of Mariposa , Merced and Tulare counties. Fresno is Spanish for "ash tree" and it was in recognition of the abundance of the shrubby local ash, Fraxinus dipetala , growing along the San Joaquin River that it received its name. Parts of Fresno County's territory were given to Mono County in 1861 and to Madera County in 1893. The original county seat

10609-416: Was not without its conflicts, land disputes, and other natural disasters. Floods caused immeasurable damage elsewhere and fires also plagued the settlers of Fresno County. In 1882, the greatest of the early day fires wiped out an entire block of the city of Fresno, and was followed by another devastating blaze in 1883. At the same time residents brought irrigation , electricity, and extensive agriculture to

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