65-588: The Cobb Power Station is a hydroelectric facility on the Cobb River , in the Tasman District of New Zealand. The power station is located in Upper Tākaka , 112 km (70 mi) northwest of Nelson . Annual generation is approximately 190 gigawatt-hours (680 TJ). The initial stages of the construction of the station began as a privately-funded scheme in 1935, but the investor failed to raise
130-745: A greenhouse gas . According to the World Commission on Dams report, where the reservoir is large compared to the generating capacity (less than 100 watts per square metre of surface area) and no clearing of the forests in the area was undertaken prior to impoundment of the reservoir, greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir may be higher than those of a conventional oil-fired thermal generation plant. In boreal reservoirs of Canada and Northern Europe, however, greenhouse gas emissions are typically only 2% to 8% of any kind of conventional fossil-fuel thermal generation. A new class of underwater logging operation that targets drowned forests can mitigate
195-463: A low-head hydro power plant with hydrostatic head of few meters to few tens of meters can be classified either as an SHP or an LHP. The other distinction between SHP and LHP is the degree of the water flow regulation: a typical SHP primarily uses the natural water discharge with very little regulation in comparison to an LHP. Therefore, the term SHP is frequently used as a synonym for the run-of-the-river power plant . The largest power producers in
260-399: A run-of-river station . Storage was required to enable more reliable generation. The site of the dam for the scheme was found to be not suitable for a concrete dam, and over the period 1949 to 1954 an earth dam was built instead. The height of the dam above the foundation is 35 m (115 ft) and it has a crest length of 214 m (702 ft). The dam was commissioned in 1954, and at
325-426: A dam and reservoir is a flexible source, since the amount of electricity produced can be increased or decreased in seconds or minutes in response to varying electricity demand. Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, it produces no direct waste, and almost always emits considerably less greenhouse gas than fossil fuel -powered energy plants. However, when constructed in lowland rainforest areas, where part of
390-421: A flood and fail. Changes in the amount of river flow will correlate with the amount of energy produced by a dam. Lower river flows will reduce the amount of live storage in a reservoir therefore reducing the amount of water that can be used for hydroelectricity. The result of diminished river flow can be power shortages in areas that depend heavily on hydroelectric power. The risk of flow shortage may increase as
455-562: A hydro power station on the Cobb River where it descended around 610 m (2,000 ft) in a direct line of less than 4.8 km (3 mi). The scheme was to divert water from the upper reaches of the Cobb River, and then through tunnels and penstocks to the powerhouse, located at the junction of the Tākaka and Cobb Rivers. A 40-year licence was granted to Hume Pipe Company in July 1935, on
520-809: A large natural height difference between two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. A tunnel is constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in a cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway. A simple formula for approximating electric power production at a hydroelectric station is: P = − η ( m ˙ g Δ h ) = − η ( ( ρ V ˙ ) g Δ h ) {\displaystyle P=-\eta \ ({\dot {m}}g\ \Delta h)=-\eta \ ((\rho {\dot {V}})\ g\ \Delta h)} where Efficiency
585-451: A larger amount of methane than those in temperate areas. Like other non-fossil fuel sources, hydropower also has no emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, or other particulates. Reservoirs created by hydroelectric schemes often provide facilities for water sports , and become tourist attractions themselves. In some countries, aquaculture in reservoirs is common. Multi-use dams installed for irrigation support agriculture with
650-648: A population of 18,672 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 1,884 people (11.2%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 3,489 people (23.0%) since the 2006 census . There were 7,221 households, comprising 8,889 males and 9,792 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.91 males per female, with 3,237 people (17.3%) aged under 15 years, 2,991 (16.0%) aged 15 to 29, 8,088 (43.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 4,353 (23.3%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 89.7% European/ Pākehā , 10.4% Māori , 2.3% Pasifika , 4.4% Asian , and 2.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
715-592: A positive risk adjusted return, unless appropriate risk management measures are put in place. While many hydroelectric projects supply public electricity networks, some are created to serve specific industrial enterprises. Dedicated hydroelectric projects are often built to provide the substantial amounts of electricity needed for aluminium electrolytic plants, for example. The Grand Coulee Dam switched to support Alcoa aluminium in Bellingham, Washington , United States for American World War II airplanes before it
SECTION 10
#1732802546679780-548: A relatively constant water supply. Large hydro dams can control floods, which would otherwise affect people living downstream of the project. Managing dams which are also used for other purposes, such as irrigation , is complicated. In 2021 the IEA called for "robust sustainability standards for all hydropower development with streamlined rules and regulations". Large reservoirs associated with traditional hydroelectric power stations result in submersion of extensive areas upstream of
845-540: A result of climate change . One study from the Colorado River in the United States suggest that modest climate changes, such as an increase in temperature in 2 degree Celsius resulting in a 10% decline in precipitation, might reduce river run-off by up to 40%. Brazil in particular is vulnerable due to its heavy reliance on hydroelectricity, as increasing temperatures, lower water flow and alterations in
910-448: A small TV/radio). Even smaller turbines of 200–300 W may power a few homes in a developing country with a drop of only 1 m (3 ft). A Pico-hydro setup is typically run-of-the-river , meaning that dams are not used, but rather pipes divert some of the flow, drop this down a gradient, and through the turbine before returning it to the stream. An underground power station is generally used at large facilities and makes use of
975-657: A small scheme at Motueka that had been approved in 1919, and a coal-fired steam generating plant commissioned in Nelson in 1923. The Pupu Hydro Power Scheme near Tākaka and the Onekaka Power Station in Onekaka were both commissioned in 1929, the latter initially just supplying the Onekaka Ironworks . However, by 1934, rapidly increasing demand led to the need for additional generating capacity in
1040-455: A source of low-cost renewable energy. Alternatively, small hydro projects may be built in isolated areas that would be uneconomic to serve from a grid, or in areas where there is no national electrical distribution network. Since small hydro projects usually have minimal reservoirs and civil construction work, they are seen as having a relatively low environmental impact compared to large hydro. This decreased environmental impact depends strongly on
1105-414: A start-up time of the order of a few minutes. Although battery power is quicker its capacity is tiny compared to hydro. It takes less than 10 minutes to bring most hydro units from cold start-up to full load; this is quicker than nuclear and almost all fossil fuel power. Power generation can also be decreased quickly when there is a surplus power generation. Hence the limited capacity of hydropower units
1170-581: A total of 1,500 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electrical energy in one full cycle" which was "about 170 times more energy than the global fleet of pumped storage hydropower plants". Battery storage capacity is not expected to overtake pumped storage during the 2020s. When used as peak power to meet demand, hydroelectricity has a higher value than baseload power and a much higher value compared to intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar. Hydroelectric stations have long economic lives, with some plants still in service after 50–100 years. Operating labor cost
1235-480: A year's worth of rain fell within 24 hours (see 1975 Banqiao Dam failure ). The resulting flood resulted in the deaths of 26,000 people, and another 145,000 from epidemics. Millions were left homeless. The creation of a dam in a geologically inappropriate location may cause disasters such as 1963 disaster at Vajont Dam in Italy, where almost 2,000 people died. Stoke, New Zealand Stoke ( Māori : Omaio )
1300-435: Is electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies 15% of the world's electricity , almost 4,210 TWh in 2023, which is more than all other renewable sources combined and also more than nuclear power . Hydropower can provide large amounts of low-carbon electricity on demand, making it a key element for creating secure and clean electricity supply systems. A hydroelectric power station that has
1365-452: Is hydroelectric power on a scale serving a small community or industrial plant. The definition of a small hydro project varies but a generating capacity of up to 10 megawatts (MW) is generally accepted as the upper limit. This may be stretched to 25 MW and 30 MW in Canada and the United States. Small hydro stations may be connected to conventional electrical distribution networks as
SECTION 20
#17328025466791430-757: Is a suburb of Nelson in New Zealand, located between Richmond and Tāhunanui . Stoke was named by William Songer, the personal servant of Arthur Wakefield , after his birthplace Stoke-by-Nayland in Suffolk . In 2010 it was voted the "Keep New Zealand Beautiful People's Choice Best Place in New Zealand". A group of streets in Stoke, between Main Road Stoke and Nayland Road, are named after famous literary figures: Kipling, Tennyson, Keats, Shelley, Marlowe, Browning, Dickens, Homer and Coleridge. Saxton's Field
1495-635: Is also usually low, as plants are automated and have few personnel on site during normal operation. Where a dam serves multiple purposes, a hydroelectric station may be added with relatively low construction cost, providing a useful revenue stream to offset the costs of dam operation. It has been calculated that the sale of electricity from the Three Gorges Dam will cover the construction costs after 5 to 8 years of full generation. However, some data shows that in most countries large hydropower dams will be too costly and take too long to build to deliver
1560-478: Is an outdoor sports ground with softball , cricket , football , and hockey fields, a court for netball and an archery programme. Saxtons' Stadium is a home of indoor sports such as futsal , handball , table tennis and volleyball , and the home of the basketball team Nelson Giants . Isel Park is an historic park and house, which form part of the legacy left by the Marsden family of Stoke. It includes
1625-470: Is highest in the winter when solar energy is at a minimum. Pico hydro is hydroelectric power generation of under 5 kW . It is useful in small, remote communities that require only a small amount of electricity. For example, the 1.1 kW Intermediate Technology Development Group Pico Hydro Project in Kenya supplies 57 homes with very small electric loads (e.g., a couple of lights and a phone charger, or
1690-445: Is initially produced during construction of the project, and some methane is given off annually by reservoirs, hydro has one of the lowest lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions for electricity generation. The low greenhouse gas impact of hydroelectricity is found especially in temperate climates . Greater greenhouse gas emission impacts are found in the tropical regions because the reservoirs of power stations in tropical regions produce
1755-462: Is not an energy source, and appears as a negative number in listings. Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so that only the water coming from upstream is available for generation at that moment, and any oversupply must pass unused. A constant supply of water from a lake or existing reservoir upstream is a significant advantage in choosing sites for run-of-the-river. A tidal power station makes use of
1820-452: Is not generally used to produce base power except for vacating the flood pool or meeting downstream needs. Instead, it can serve as backup for non-hydro generators. The major advantage of conventional hydroelectric dams with reservoirs is their ability to store water at low cost for dispatch later as high value clean electricity. In 2021, the IEA estimated that the "reservoirs of all existing conventional hydropower plants combined can store
1885-410: Is often higher (that is, closer to 1) with larger and more modern turbines. Annual electric energy production depends on the available water supply. In some installations, the water flow rate can vary by a factor of 10:1 over the course of a year. Hydropower is a flexible source of electricity since stations can be ramped up and down very quickly to adapt to changing energy demands. Hydro turbines have
1950-441: Is situated at the edge of Kahurangi National Park , with the reservoir located entirely within the national park, another 14 km (8.7 mi) further up an unsealed steep and winding road. The access road to the reservoir is the only road into the interior of Kahurangi National Park. [REDACTED] Media related to Cobb Power Station at Wikimedia Commons Hydroelectric Hydroelectricity , or hydroelectric power ,
2015-679: The Bonneville Dam in 1937 and being recognized by the Flood Control Act of 1936 as the premier federal flood control agency. Hydroelectric power stations continued to become larger throughout the 20th century. Hydropower was referred to as "white coal". Hoover Dam 's initial 1,345 MW power station was the world's largest hydroelectric power station in 1936; it was eclipsed by the 6,809 MW Grand Coulee Dam in 1942. The Itaipu Dam opened in 1984 in South America as
Cobb Power Station - Misplaced Pages Continue
2080-549: The Industrial Revolution would drive development as well. In 1878, the world's first hydroelectric power scheme was developed at Cragside in Northumberland , England, by William Armstrong . It was used to power a single arc lamp in his art gallery. The old Schoelkopf Power Station No. 1 , US, near Niagara Falls , began to produce electricity in 1881. The first Edison hydroelectric power station,
2145-806: The International Exhibition of Hydropower and Tourism , with over one million visitors 1925. By 1920, when 40% of the power produced in the United States was hydroelectric, the Federal Power Act was enacted into law. The Act created the Federal Power Commission to regulate hydroelectric power stations on federal land and water. As the power stations became larger, their associated dams developed additional purposes, including flood control , irrigation and navigation . Federal funding became necessary for large-scale development, and federally owned corporations, such as
2210-633: The Tennessee Valley Authority (1933) and the Bonneville Power Administration (1937) were created. Additionally, the Bureau of Reclamation which had begun a series of western US irrigation projects in the early 20th century, was now constructing large hydroelectric projects such as the 1928 Hoover Dam . The United States Army Corps of Engineers was also involved in hydroelectric development, completing
2275-583: The Vulcan Street Plant , began operating September 30, 1882, in Appleton, Wisconsin , with an output of about 12.5 kilowatts. By 1886 there were 45 hydroelectric power stations in the United States and Canada; and by 1889 there were 200 in the United States alone. At the beginning of the 20th century, many small hydroelectric power stations were being constructed by commercial companies in mountains near metropolitan areas. Grenoble , France held
2340-506: The potential energy of dammed water driving a water turbine and generator . The power extracted from the water depends on the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's outflow. This height difference is called the head . A large pipe (the " penstock ") delivers water from the reservoir to the turbine. This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
2405-400: The water frame , and continuous production played a significant part in the development of the factory system, with modern employment practices. In the 1840s, hydraulic power networks were developed to generate and transmit hydro power to end users. By the late 19th century, the electrical generator was developed and could now be coupled with hydraulics. The growing demand arising from
2470-491: The Cobb Range to the penstocks . The water flow is channelled via two 4 km (2.5 mi) long penstocks and the height difference between the intake and the power station results in a high pressure water flow of 7.25 m³/s to feed the six Pelton turbines . Cobb Power Station can be reached from Upper Tākaka via a sealed but winding and narrow 16 km (9.9 mi) road along Tākaka River . The power station building
2535-463: The IEA released a main-case forecast of 141 GW generated by hydropower over 2022–2027, which is slightly lower than deployment achieved from 2017–2022. Because environmental permitting and construction times are long, they estimate hydropower potential will remain limited, with only an additional 40 GW deemed possible in the accelerated case. In 2021 the IEA said that major modernisation refurbishments are required. Most hydroelectric power comes from
2600-574: The Isel Park research facility which is part of the Nelson Provincial Museum . The Stoke Hand sculpture is located outside Stoke library. Stoke covers 22.60 km (8.73 sq mi). It had an estimated population of 19,850 as of June 2024, with a population density of 878 people per km . Before the 2023 census, Stoke had a smaller boundary, covering 22.25 km (8.59 sq mi). Using that boundary, Stoke had
2665-464: The ability to transport particles heavier than itself downstream. This has a negative effect on dams and subsequently their power stations, particularly those on rivers or within catchment areas with high siltation. Siltation can fill a reservoir and reduce its capacity to control floods along with causing additional horizontal pressure on the upstream portion of the dam. Eventually, some reservoirs can become full of sediment and useless or over-top during
Cobb Power Station - Misplaced Pages Continue
2730-595: The balance between stream flow and power production. Micro hydro means hydroelectric power installations that typically produce up to 100 kW of power. These installations can provide power to an isolated home or small community, or are sometimes connected to electric power networks. There are many of these installations around the world, particularly in developing nations as they can provide an economical source of energy without purchase of fuel. Micro hydro systems complement photovoltaic solar energy systems because in many areas water flow, and thus available hydro power,
2795-521: The basis that they were to sell surplus electricity for use in the Nelson region, and that power should be delivered within two years. However, in 1936, the Hume Pipe Company failed to raise the necessary capital to commence construction of the scheme. Work began on construction of an access road from Upper Tākaka to the site of the power station. In 1938, Hume asked the New Zealand government to underwrite an issue of debenture capital, but this
2860-404: The daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides; such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or undammed sources such as undershot water wheels . Tidal power is viable in a relatively small number of locations around
2925-505: The dams, sometimes destroying biologically rich and productive lowland and riverine valley forests, marshland and grasslands. Damming interrupts the flow of rivers and can harm local ecosystems, and building large dams and reservoirs often involves displacing people and wildlife. The loss of land is often exacerbated by habitat fragmentation of surrounding areas caused by the reservoir. Hydroelectric projects can be disruptive to surrounding aquatic ecosystems both upstream and downstream of
2990-705: The effect of forest decay. Another disadvantage of hydroelectric dams is the need to relocate the people living where the reservoirs are planned. In 2000, the World Commission on Dams estimated that dams had physically displaced 40–80 million people worldwide. Because large conventional dammed-hydro facilities hold back large volumes of water, a failure due to poor construction, natural disasters or sabotage can be catastrophic to downriver settlements and infrastructure. During Typhoon Nina in 1975 Banqiao Dam in Southern China failed when more than
3055-399: The excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir, thus providing demand side response . When the demand becomes greater, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a turbine. In 2021 pumped-storage schemes provided almost 85% of the world's 190 GW of grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity factor of the generation system. Pumped storage
3120-534: The forest is inundated, substantial amounts of greenhouse gases may be emitted. Construction of a hydroelectric complex can have significant environmental impact, principally in loss of arable land and population displacement. They also disrupt the natural ecology of the river involved, affecting habitats and ecosystems, and siltation and erosion patterns. While dams can ameliorate the risks of flooding, dam failure can be catastrophic. In 2021, global installed hydropower electrical capacity reached almost 1,400 GW,
3185-506: The highest among all renewable energy technologies. Hydroelectricity plays a leading role in countries like Brazil, Norway and China. but there are geographical limits and environmental issues. Tidal power can be used in coastal regions. China added 24 GW in 2022, accounting for nearly three-quarters of global hydropower capacity additions. Europe added 2 GW, the largest amount for the region since 1990. Meanwhile, globally, hydropower generation increased by 70 TWh (up 2%) in 2022 and remains
3250-519: The largest renewable energy source, surpassing all other technologies combined. Hydropower has been used since ancient times to grind flour and perform other tasks. In the late 18th century hydraulic power provided the energy source needed for the start of the Industrial Revolution . In the mid-1700s, French engineer Bernard Forest de Bélidor published Architecture Hydraulique , which described vertical- and horizontal-axis hydraulic machines, and in 1771 Richard Arkwright 's combination of water power ,
3315-750: The largest, producing 14 GW , but was surpassed in 2008 by the Three Gorges Dam in China at 22.5 GW . Hydroelectricity would eventually supply some countries, including Norway , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Paraguay and Brazil , with over 85% of their electricity. In 2021 the International Energy Agency (IEA) said that more efforts are needed to help limit climate change . Some countries have highly developed their hydropower potential and have very little room for growth: Switzerland produces 88% of its potential and Mexico 80%. In 2022,
SECTION 50
#17328025466793380-430: The necessary capital. The national government took over building the station and the first power was produced in 1944, operating as a run-of-river station . A storage dam was completed in 1954. The resulting hydro lake is the highest in the country and at 596 m (1,955 ft), the station has New Zealand's highest hydraulic head of any power station. Early supply of electricity to the Nelson /Tasman region included
3445-633: The plant site. Generation of hydroelectric power changes the downstream river environment. Water exiting a turbine usually contains very little suspended sediment, which can lead to scouring of river beds and loss of riverbanks. The turbines also will kill large portions of the fauna passing through, for instance 70% of the eel passing a turbine will perish immediately. Since turbine gates are often opened intermittently, rapid or even daily fluctuations in river flow are observed. Drought and seasonal changes in rainfall can severely limit hydropower. Water may also be lost by evaporation. When water flows it has
3510-505: The power station from NGC. Trustpower restructured its business in 2022, and sold its retail energy business to Mercury Energy . The generation part of the business was rebranded as Manawa Energy and launched on 2 May 2022. The station is fed by the Cobb Reservoir and has a head of 596 m (1,955 ft), the highest of any power station in New Zealand. From the reservoir, a 2.6 km (1.6 mi) long tunnel leads through
3575-450: The rainfall regime, could reduce total energy production by 7% annually by the end of the century. Lower positive impacts are found in the tropical regions. In lowland rainforest areas, where inundation of a part of the forest is necessary, it has been noted that the reservoirs of power plants produce substantial amounts of methane . This is due to plant material in flooded areas decaying in an anaerobic environment and forming methane,
3640-523: The region. At the time, the region was not connected to the rest of the South Island national grid , and central Government did not have firm plans for additional generation in the area. In 1935, the Waimea and Golden Bay Electric Power Boards, together with Nelson City Council, supported a proposal by the Hume Pipe Company to construct a hydro power station on the Cobb River . The Hume Pipe Company
3705-716: The rest of the South Island grid. In 1997, as part of reforms of the energy sector, the New Zealand Government decided to sell eight small power stations including Cobb. The Cobb Power Station was sold to the Canadian company TransAlta in 1999. There was a change of ownership only a year later, when the Natural Gas Corporation (NGC) purchased TransAlta New Zealand. In 2003, there was a further change of ownership, when TrustPower purchased
3770-402: The time, it was the largest dam of its type in New Zealand. The nominal elevation of the Cobb Reservoir above sea level is 808 m (2,651 ft), making it the highest hydro storage lake in the country. Cobb was the main generating station supplying the Nelson and Tasman areas as an isolated electricity supply network until 1955, when a transmission line connection was made from Stoke to
3835-524: The world are hydroelectric power stations, with some hydroelectric facilities capable of generating more than double the installed capacities of the current largest nuclear power stations . Although no official definition exists for the capacity range of large hydroelectric power stations, facilities from over a few hundred megawatts are generally considered large hydroelectric facilities. Currently, only seven facilities over 10 GW ( 10,000 MW ) are in operation worldwide, see table below. Small hydro
3900-539: The world. The classification of hydropower plants starts with two top-level categories: The classification of a plant as an SHP or LHP is primarily based on its nameplate capacity , the threshold varies by the country, but in any case a plant with the capacity of 50 MW or more is considered an LHP. As an example, for China, SHP power is below 25 MW, for India - below 15 MW, most of Europe - below 10 MW. The SHP and LHP categories are further subdivided into many subcategories that are not mutually exclusive. For example,
3965-567: Was 17.7, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 53.8% had no religion, 35.4% were Christian , 0.3% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.5% were Hindu , 0.1% were Muslim , 0.7% were Buddhist and 2.0% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 2,466 (16.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 3,393 (22.0%) people had no formal qualifications. 1,866 people (12.1%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
SECTION 60
#17328025466794030-586: Was allowed to provide irrigation and power to citizens (in addition to aluminium power) after the war. In Suriname , the Brokopondo Reservoir was constructed to provide electricity for the Alcoa aluminium industry. New Zealand 's Manapouri Power Station was constructed to supply electricity to the aluminium smelter at Tiwai Point . Since hydroelectric dams do not use fuel, power generation does not produce carbon dioxide . While carbon dioxide
4095-405: Was an Australian-based company active in mining and manufacture of asbestos . It was led by Walter Hume who invented the spun concrete pipe. The company was interested in mining in the Tākaka and Collingwood areas, and combining the extraction of asbestos from the upper Tākaka River and cement from Tarakohe . However, they required a large supply of electricity, and proposed the development of
4160-464: Was rejected by the Minister of Finance, Walter Nash . The government took over the project in 1940. By that stage, a powerhouse building had been constructed that would accommodate four generating units. Further work was delayed by shortages of labour and materials during World War II, and the first power was not generated until June 1944. At that stage, there was no storage and the scheme operated as
4225-420: Was that 6,930 (44.9%) people were employed full-time, 2,394 (15.5%) were part-time, and 396 (2.6%) were unemployed. Stoke School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 6 students/ It has a roll of 203 as of August 2024. Nelson Christian Academy is a co-educational private Christian primary school for Year 1 to 8 students. It has a roll of 311. Local high schools include Nayland College ,
#678321