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21-522: Cockpen is a parish in Midlothian , Scotland , containing at its north-west corner the town of Bonnyrigg , which lies two miles (3.2 km) south-west of Dalkeith . It is bounded on the west and north by the parish of Lasswade , on the east, by Newbattle and on the south by Carrington . It extends about three miles (4.8 km) from north to south and its greatest breadth is about 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles (4.0 km). The parish lies between

42-538: A modern road network as well as some rural single-track roads. The Borders Railway runs between Tweedbank to Edinburgh, with four stations in Midlothian – Shawfair , Eskbank , Newtongrange and Gorebridge . Midlothian is twinned with Komárom-Esztergom , Hungary and Kreis Heinsberg , Germany. Since 1978 it is a sister city with Midlothian, Illinois , a suburb of Chicago a town of Illinois . Central Lowlands The Central Lowlands , sometimes called

63-516: A new Midlothian District within the Region of Lothian , whilst areas on the peripheries were assigned to other districts and the city of Edinburgh, which had always been autonomous to an extent, was formally separated as the City of Edinburgh District. In 1996 Midlothian became a unitary authority area, using the same name and territory as in 1975. Midlothian County Council was abolished in 1975 under

84-486: A power of Justiciary over his lands of Dalhousie, and Carrington, in the county of Midlothian (Edinburghshire), but this appears to have expired on his death in 1554. There have been a succession of fortresses at their seat, Dalhousie Castle, which lies on the north bank of the South Esk. The castle was successfully defended against Henry IV in 1400, and in 1648, it was occupied by Cromwell. The present building dates from

105-521: Is registration county , lieutenancy area and one of 32 council areas of Scotland used for local government. Midlothian lies in the east- central Lowlands , bordering the City of Edinburgh council area , East Lothian and the Scottish Borders . The modern council area was formed in 1975 when the historic county of Midlothian , also known as Edinburghshire, was altered substantially as part of local government reforms; its southern part formed

126-797: Is a Midlothian constituency of the House of Commons . There was a Midlothian constituency of the Scottish Parliament up to the 2011 elections when it was divided between Midlothian North and Musselburgh and Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale . The Midlothian council area contains the towns of Dalkeith , Bonnyrigg and Penicuik , as well as a portion of the Pentland Hills Regional Park , Rosslyn Chapel and Dalkeith Palace . Largest settlements by population: 18,320 16,150 14,330 13,690 8,040 6,820 3,160 2,020 1,770 1,440 Midlothian has

147-751: The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1894 the Parish Council was established, but this only administered the “landward” part of the parish, i.e. outside Bonnyrigg. Under the terms of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 , Bonnyrigg and Lasswade were united to become the burgh of Bonnyrigg and Lasswade. The burgh was abolished in 1975 and subsumed into Midlothian district of Lothian region The parish council ceased in 1930 when parish councils in Scotland were abolished, but civil parishes persist for census and other non-administrative purposes. From

168-515: The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 , which abolished Scotland's counties and burghs as administrative areas and created a new two-tier system of upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts. Most of Midlothian's territory went to a new district called Midlothian within the Lothian region. The Midlothian district was smaller than the area of the pre-1975 county, parts of which went to other districts: Currie , Balerno , Ratho and Newbridge to

189-673: The Midland Valley or Central Valley , is a geologically defined area of relatively low-lying land in southern Scotland . It consists of a rift valley between the Highland Boundary Fault to the north and the Southern Uplands Fault to the south. The Central Lowlands are one of the three main geographical sub-divisions of Scotland, the other two being the Highlands and Islands which lie to

210-537: The city of Edinburgh ; Musselburgh burgh and parish of Inveresk (which included the villages of Inveresk , Wallyford and Whitecraig ) to East Lothian ; East Calder , Mid Calder and West Calder ) and the Midlothian part of Livingston to West Lothian ; Heriot and Stow parishes to the Ettrick and Lauderdale district of the Borders region. The boundaries of the historic county of Midlothian, including

231-514: The 12th to the 19th centuries the parish of Cockpen comprised the same area as the Barony of Dalhousie (a corruption of Dalwolsie). The lands of Dalhousie have been owned by the Ramsays since the 12th century having been given to them by the monks of Newbattle Abbey. The patronage of the parish church belonged anciently to this family. In May 1542, James V granted to Nicol de Ramsay, of Dalhousie,

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252-479: The 15th century. The parish church is one mile (1.6 km) south-east of Bonnyrigg on rising land on the west bank of Dalhousie Burn. The building dates from 1820 and replaced an earlier structure. The South Esk, after leaving Dalhousie Castle, passes close by the romantic place where Cockpen House stood, the mansion of the Laird o' Cockpen, the subject of the traditional Scottish song of that name . The area of

273-606: The Midland Valley to descend as a major rift by as much as 4000 metres and there was subsequently vertical movement . This earlier vertical movement was later replaced by a horizontal shear. The Southern Uplands Fault runs from the Rhins of Galloway in the west towards Dunbar on the east coast 30 miles (50 km) from Edinburgh . A productive combination of fertile low-lying agricultural land and significant deposits of economically valuable coal and iron have led to

294-523: The city of Edinburgh, are still used for some limited official purposes connected with land registration, being a registration county . The Midlothian lieutenancy area corresponds to the current council area rather than the historic county. The last lord-lieutenant of the county of Midlothian was made lord-lieutenant for the new district of Midlothian when the reforms came into effect in 1975. The former county council's headquarters in Edinburgh became

315-637: The north, northwest and the Southern Uplands , which lie south of the associated second fault line. It is the most populated of Scotland ’s three geographical regions. The Central Lowlands is largely underlain by Paleozoic formations . Many of these sedimentary rocks have economic significance for it is here that the coal and iron bearing rocks that fueled Scotland 's Industrial Revolution are to be found. This area has also experienced intense volcanism , Arthur's Seat in Edinburgh being

336-549: The north-east into Newbattle parish. A Parochial Board was established under the Poor Law (Scotland) Act 1845. Within the parish of Cockpen a police burgh was created at Bonnyrigg in 1865 (although part lay in the parish of Lasswade). Police burghs were communities over a certain size which were entitled to police many of their own affairs, such as cleansing, street lighting and water supply as well as public order. Police burghs were run by elected commissioners or magistrates. With

357-678: The offices of the new Lothian Regional Council, whilst the Midlothian District Council established its headquarters in Dalkeith. In 1991 the council built itself a new headquarters called Midlothian House at 40-46 Buccleuch Street in Dalkeith . The Lothian region was abolished in 1996. The four districts in the region, including Midlothian, became unitary council areas . The reconstituted Midlothian Council continues to be based at Midlothian House in Dalkeith. There

378-556: The parish is 2,938 acres (1,189 ha). The civil parish has a population of 10,466 (in 2011). Cockpen is agreed to be a Cumbric name cognate with Welsh coch 'red' + pen 'peak'. The late-18th century song The Laird o' Cockpen by Carolina Oliphant , Lady Nairn , describes a Cockpen estate owner who fought on the Royalist side at the 1651 Battle of Worcester . Midlothian Midlothian ( / m ɪ d ˈ l oʊ ð i ə n / ; Scottish Gaelic : Meadhan Lodainn )

399-584: The remnant of a once much larger volcano active in the Carboniferous period some 300 million years ago. This area is relatively low-lying, although even here hills such as the Ochils and Campsie Fells are rarely far from view. In common with the rest of Scotland the whole region was affected by Pleistocene glaciations . The Highland Boundary Fault runs from North Glen Sannox on the Isle of Arran in

420-478: The rivers North Esk and South Esk , which join about 2 miles north of the parish. At Lasswade the parish reaches the North Esk which at that point forms the boundary on the north-west side, such that the suburb of Westmill on the south-east bank lies in the parish of Cockpen. The South Esk briefly forms the southern boundary of the parish then flows northward through the parish past Dalhousie Castle , exiting in

441-527: The south and west through the Isle of Bute and Helensburgh , then forms the northern boundary of Strathmore before reaching Stonehaven in the north east. The fault was active during the Caledonian orogeny , a plate tectonic collision which took place from Mid Ordovician to Mid Devonian periods (520 to 400 million years ago), during the closure of the Iapetus Ocean . The fault allowed

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