Misplaced Pages

#458541

53-501: CoffeeScript support is included in Ruby on Rails version 3.1 and Play Framework . In 2011, Brendan Eich referenced CoffeeScript as an influence on his thoughts about the future of JavaScript. On December 13, 2009, Jeremy Ashkenas made the first Git commit of CoffeeScript with the comment "initial commit of the mystery language". The compiler was written in Ruby. On December 24, he made

106-401: A database , a web service , and web pages . It encourages and facilitates the use of web standards such as JSON or XML for data transfer and HTML , CSS and JavaScript for user interfacing. In addition to MVC, Rails emphasizes the use of other well-known software engineering patterns and paradigms, including convention over configuration (CoC), don't repeat yourself (DRY), and

159-404: A model in the Ruby on Rails framework maps to a table in a database and to a Ruby file. For example, a model class User will usually be defined in the file 'user.rb' in the app/models directory, and linked to the table 'users' in the database. While developers are free to ignore this convention and choose differing names for their models, files, and database table, this is not common practice and

212-518: A Lisp compiler in Lisp, testing it inside an existing Lisp Interpreter . Once they had improved the compiler to the point where it could compile its own source code, it was self-hosting. The compiler as it exists on the standard compiler tape is a machine language program that was obtained by having the S-expression definition of the compiler work on itself through the interpreter. This technique

265-460: A basic website . Also included are WEBrick , a simple Ruby web server that is distributed with Ruby, and Rake , a build system, distributed as a gem . Together with Ruby on Rails, these tools provide a basic development environment. Ruby on Rails is most commonly not connected to the Internet directly, but through some front-end web server . Mongrel was generally preferred over WEBrick in

318-403: A controller implementing a flight-search function would need to query a model representing individual flights to find flights matching the search, and might also need to query models representing airports and airlines to find related secondary data. The controller might then pass some subset of the flight data to the corresponding view, which would contain a mixture of static HTML and logic that use

371-441: A default online rich-text editor , parallel testing, multiple database support, mailer routing and a new autoloader. Rails 6.1 was released on 9 December 2020, adding per-database connection switching, horizontal database sharding , eager loading of all associations, Delegated Types as an alternative to single-table inheritance, asynchronous deletion of associations, error objects, and other improvements and bug fixes. Rails 7.0

424-420: A machine for which a self-hosting compiler does not yet exist. Once written, software can be deployed to the target system using means such as an EPROM , floppy diskette , flash memory (such as a USB thumb drive), or JTAG device. This is similar to the method used to write software for gaming consoles or for handheld devices like cellular phones or tablets, which do not host their own development tools. Once

477-467: A modal window in which users can enter CoffeeScript, see the JavaScript output, and run it directly in the browser. The js2coffee site provides bi-directional translation. Iced CoffeeScript is a superset of CoffeeScript which adds two new keywords: await and defer . These additions simplify asynchronous control flow, making the code look more like a procedural programming language, eliminating

530-456: A polite protest in the Ruby on Rails community. In response to this criticism, Hansson replied: I only grant promotional use [of the Rails logo] for products I'm directly involved with. Such as books that I've been part of the development process for or conferences where I have a say in the execution. I would most definitely seek to enforce all the trademarks of Rails. The trademark of the logo

583-576: A value. As in Perl and Ruby, these control statements also have postfix versions; for example, if can also be written in consequent if condition form. Many unnecessary parentheses and braces can be omitted; for example, blocks of code can be denoted by indentation instead of braces, function calls are implicit, and object literals are often detected automatically. To compute the body mass index in JavaScript , one could write: With CoffeeScript

SECTION 10

#1732783367459

636-581: Is 1), one can do: Alternatively, there is: A linear search can be implemented with a one-liner using the when keyword: The for ... in syntax allows looping over arrays while the for ... of syntax allows looping over objects. CoffeeScript has been criticized for its unusual scoping rules. In particular, it completely disallows variable shadowing which makes reasoning about code more difficult and error-prone in some basic programming patterns established by and taken for granted since procedural programming principles were defined. For example, with

689-720: Is available as a Node.js utility; however, the core compiler does not rely on Node.js and can be run in any JavaScript environment. One alternative to the Node.js utility is the Coffee Maven Plugin, a plugin for the Apache Maven build system. The plugin uses the Rhino JavaScript engine written in Java . The official site at CoffeeScript.org has a "Try CoffeeScript" button in the menu bar; clicking it opens

742-456: Is intended to emphasize Convention over Configuration (CoC), and the Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle. The Rails Doctrine is an enduring enabler that guides the philosophy, design, and implementation of the Ruby on Rails framework. "Convention over Configuration" means a developer only needs to specify unconventional aspects of the application. For example, if there is a class Sale in

795-472: Is needed, but development software used to write and build the operating system is also necessary. This is called a bootstrapping problem or, more generically, a chicken or the egg dilemma. A solution to this problem is the cross compiler (or cross assembler when working with assembly language). A cross compiler allows source code on one platform to be compiled for a different machine or operating system, making it possible to create an operating system for

848-499: Is often installed using RubyGems , a package manager which is included with current versions of Ruby. Many free Unix-like systems also support installation of Ruby on Rails and its dependencies through their native package management system . Ruby on Rails is typically deployed with a database server such as MySQL or PostgreSQL , and a web server such as Apache running the Phusion Passenger module. Ruby on Rails

901-399: Is self-hosted when the toolchain to build the operating system runs on that same operating system. For example, Windows can be built on a computer running Windows. Before a system can become self-hosted, another system is needed to develop it until it reaches a stage where self-hosting is possible. When developing for a new computer or operating system, a system to run the development software

954-414: Is something there. A common pre- ES6 JavaScript snippet using the jQuery library is: Or even just: In CoffeeScript, the function keyword is replaced by the -> symbol, and indentation is used instead of curly braces, as in other off-side rule languages such as Python and Haskell. Also, parentheses can usually be omitted, using indentation level instead to denote a function or block. Thus,

1007-503: Is the facility for RESTful web services. Rails 3.1 introduced Sass as standard CSS templating. By default, the server uses Embedded Ruby in the HTML views, with files having an html.erb extension. Rails supports swapping-in alternative templating languages, such as HAML and Mustache . Ruby on Rails 3.0 has been designed to work with Ruby 1.8.7, Ruby 1.9.2, and JRuby 1.5.2+; earlier versions are not supported. Ruby on Rails 3.2

1060-664: Is the last series of releases that support Ruby 1.8.7. Ruby on Rails is separated into various packages, namely ActiveRecord (an object-relational mapping system for database access), Action Pack, Active Support and Action Mailer. Prior to version 2.0, Ruby on Rails also included the Action Web Service package that is now replaced by Active Resource. Apart from standard packages, developers can make plugins to extend existing packages. Earlier Rails supported plugins within their own custom framework; version 3.2 deprecates these in favor of standard Ruby "gems". Ruby on Rails

1113-413: Is usually discouraged in accordance with the " convention-over-configuration " philosophy. A controller is a server-side component of Rails that responds to external requests from the web server to the application, by determining which view file to render. The controller may also have to query one or more models for information and pass these on to the view. For example, in an airline reservation system,

SECTION 20

#1732783367459

1166-400: Is usually only practicable when an interpreter already exists for the very same language that is to be compiled; though possible, it is extremely uncommon to humanly compile a compiler with itself. The concept borrows directly from and is an example of the broader notion of running a program on itself as input, used also in various proofs in theoretical computer science , such as the proof that

1219-546: The ActiveRecord module of Rails, the developer does not need to specify database column names in class definitions. Instead, Ruby on Rails can retrieve this information from the database based on the class name. "Fat models, skinny controllers" means that most of the application logic should be placed within the model while leaving the controller as light as possible. HTML Over The Wire (Hotwire), Conceptual compression, and robust security mark Rails 7.0's approach to

1272-534: The JavaScript libraries Prototype and Script.aculo.us for scripting Ajax actions. Ruby on Rails 3.0 separates the markup of the page (which defines the structure of the page) from scripting (which determines functionality or logic of the page). As of version 7.0, new Ruby on Rails applications come with the Hotwire family of JavaScript libraries installed by default. Since version 2.0, Ruby on Rails offers both HTML and XML as standard output formats. The latter

1325-1032: The active record pattern . Ruby on Rails' emergence in 2005 greatly influenced web app development, through innovative features such as seamless database table creations, migrations , and scaffolding of views to enable rapid application development. Ruby on Rails' influence on other web frameworks remains apparent today, with many frameworks in other languages borrowing its ideas, including Django in Python ; Catalyst in Perl ; Laravel , CakePHP and Yii in PHP ; Grails in Groovy ; Phoenix in Elixir ; Play in Scala ; and Sails.js in Node.js . Well-known sites that use Ruby on Rails include Airbnb , Crunchbase , Dribbble , GitHub , Twitch and Shopify . David Heinemeier Hansson extracted Ruby on Rails from his work on

1378-554: The halting problem is undecidable. Ken Thompson started development on Unix in 1968 by writing and compiling programs on the GE-635 and carrying them over to the PDP-7 for testing. After the initial Unix kernel, a command interpreter , an editor, an assembler, and a few utilities were completed, the Unix operating system was self-hosting – programs could be written and tested on

1431-472: The CoffeeScript equivalent of the snippet above is: Or just: Ruby-style string interpolation is included in CoffeeScript. Double-quoted strings allow for interpolated values, using #{ ... }, and single-quoted strings are literal. Any for loop can be replaced by a list comprehension ; so that to compute the squares of the positive odd numbers smaller than ten (i.e. numbers whose remainder modulo 2

1484-572: The One person framework. In March 2007, David Heinemeier Hansson applied to register three Ruby on Rails-related trademarks with the USPTO . These applications concern the phrase "RUBY ON RAILS", the word "RAILS", and the official Rails logo. In the summer of 2007, Hansson denied the publisher Apress permission to use the Ruby on Rails logo on the cover of a new Ruby on Rails book written by some authoritative community members. The episode gave rise to

1537-666: The PDP-7 itself. Douglas McIlroy wrote TMG (a compiler-compiler ) in TMG on a piece of paper and "decided to give his piece of paper to his piece of paper", doing the computation himself, thus compiling a TMG compiler into assembly , which he typed up and assembled on Ken Thompson's PDP-7. Development of the GNU system relies largely on GCC (the GNU Compiler Collection) and GNU Emacs (a popular editor), making possible

1590-407: The call-back chain. It can be used on the server side and in the browser. On September 13, 2012, Dropbox announced that their browser-side code base had been rewritten from JavaScript to CoffeeScript, however it was migrated to TypeScript in 2017. GitHub 's internal style guide once said "write new JS in CoffeeScript", though it no longer does, and their Atom text editor was also written in

1643-436: The developer may use something like assembly language, C / C++ , or even a scripting language like Python or Lua to build the first version of the compiler. Once the language is mature enough, development of the compiler can shift to the compiler's native language, allowing the compiler to build itself. The first self-hosting compiler (excluding assemblers) was written for Lisp by Hart and Levin at MIT in 1962. They wrote

CoffeeScript - Misplaced Pages Continue

1696-404: The early days, but it can also run on Lighttpd , Apache , Cherokee , Hiawatha , Nginx (either as a module – Phusion Passenger for example – or via CGI , FastCGI or mod ruby ), and many others. From 2008 onward, Passenger replaced Mongrel as the most-used web server for Ruby on Rails. Ruby is also supported natively on IBM i . Ruby on Rails is also noteworthy for its extensive use of

1749-409: The first tagged and documented release, 0.1.0. On February 21, 2010, he committed version 0.5, which replaced the Ruby compiler with a self-hosting version in pure CoffeeScript. By that time the project had attracted several other contributors on GitHub , and was receiving over 300 page hits per day. On December 24, 2010, Ashkenas announced the release of stable 1.0.0 to Hacker News , the site where

1802-615: The flight data to create an HTML document containing a table with one row per flight. A controller may provide one or more actions. In Ruby on Rails, an action is typically a basic unit that describes how to respond to a specific external web-browser request. Also, note that the controller/action will be accessible for external web requests only if a corresponding route is mapped to it. Rails encourages developers to use RESTful routes, which include actions such as create, new, edit, update, destroy, show, and index. These mappings of incoming requests/routes to controller actions can be easily set up in

1855-400: The following code snippet in JavaScript one does not have to look outside the {} -block to know for sure that no possible foo variable in the outer scope can be incidentally overridden: In CoffeeScript there is no way to tell if the scope of a variable is limited to a block or not without looking outside the block. The CoffeeScript compiler has been self-hosting since version 0.5 and

1908-542: The form_tag/form_for helpers. Rails 5.2 was released on 9 April 2018, introducing new features that include ActiveStorage, built-in Redis Cache Store, updated Rails Credentials and a new DSL that allows for configuring a Content Security Policy for an application. Rails 5.2.2 was released on 4 December 2018, introducing numerous bug fixes and several logic improvements. Rails 6.0 was released on 16 August 2019, making Webpack default, adding mailbox routing,

1961-475: The interval is directly described: To compute the greatest common divisor of two integers with the Euclidean algorithm , in JavaScript one usually needs a while loop: Whereas in CoffeeScript one can use until instead: The ? keyword quickly checks if a variable is null or undefined  : This would alert "No person" if the variable is null or undefined and "Have person" if there

2014-554: The language, with configuration written in CSON ("CoffeeScript Object Notation"), a variant of JSON . Pixel Game Maker MV makes uses of CoffeeScript as part of its game development environment. Ruby on Rails Ruby on Rails (simplified as Rails ) is a server-side web application framework written in Ruby under the MIT License . Rails is a model–view–controller (MVC) framework, providing default structures for

2067-422: The model, the corresponding table in the database is called sales by default. It is only if one deviates from this convention, such as calling the table "products sold", that the developer needs to write code regarding these names. Generally, Ruby on Rails conventions lead to less code and less repetition. "Don't repeat yourself" means that information is located in a single, unambiguous place. For example, using

2120-517: The project management tool Basecamp at the web application company 37signals . Hansson first released Rails as open source in July 2004, but did not share commit rights to the project until February 2005. In August 2006, the framework reached a milestone when Apple announced that it would ship Ruby on Rails with Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard" , which was released in October 2007. Rails version 2.3

2173-501: The project was announced for the first time. On September 18, 2017, version 2.0.0 was introduced, which "aims to bring CoffeeScript into the modern JavaScript era, closing gaps in compatibility with JavaScript while preserving the clean syntax that is CoffeeScript's hallmark". Almost everything is an expression in CoffeeScript, for example, if , switch and for expressions (which have no return value in JavaScript) return

CoffeeScript - Misplaced Pages Continue

2226-411: The routes.rb configuration file. A view in the default configuration of Rails is an erb file, which is evaluated and converted to HTML at run-time. Alternatively, many other templating systems can be used for views. Ruby on Rails includes tools that make common development tasks easier "out-of-the-box", such as scaffolding that can automatically construct some of the models and views needed for

2279-468: The self contained, maintained and sustained development of free software for the GNU Project . Many programming languages have self-hosted implementations: compilers that are both in and for the same language. An approach is bootstrapping , where a core version of the language is initially implemented using another high-level language, assembler, or even machine language ; the resulting compiler

2332-507: The stack. Rails 3.2 was released on 20 January 2012 with a faster development mode and routing engine (also known as Journey engine), Automatic Query Explain and Tagged Logging. Rails 3.2.x is the last version that supports Ruby 1.8.7. Rails 3.2.12 supports Ruby 2.0. Rails 4.0 was released on 25 June 2013, introducing Russian Doll Caching, Turbolinks , Live Streaming as well as making Active Resource, Active Record Observer and other components optional by splitting them as gems. Rails 4.1

2385-464: The system is mature enough to compile its own code, the cross-development dependency ends. At this point, an operating system is said to be self-hosted. Software development using compiler or interpreters can also be self hosted when the compiler is capable of compiling itself. Since self-hosted compilers suffer from the same bootstrap problems as operating systems, a compiler for a new programming language needs to be written in an existing language. So

2438-547: Was cancelled on 25 October 2019. Self-hosting (compilers) In computer programming , self-hosting is the use of a program as part of the toolchain or operating system that produces new versions of that same program—for example, a compiler that can compile its own source code . Self-hosting software is commonplace on personal computers and larger systems. Other programs that are typically self-hosting include kernels , assemblers , command-line interpreters and revision control software . An operating system

2491-412: Was instituted in October 2024. Ruby on Rails evolves radically from release to release exploring the use of new technologies and adopting new standards on the Internet. Some features are very stable in Ruby on Rails while some are replaced in favour of new techniques. The model–view–controller (MVC) pattern is the fundamental structure to organize application programming. In a default configuration,

2544-508: Was launched, and Ruby on Rails announced it would work with the Merb project to bring "the best ideas of Merb" into Rails 3, ending the "unnecessary duplication" across both communities. Merb was merged with Rails as part of the Rails 3.0 release. Rails 3.1 was released on 31 August 2011, featuring Reversible Database Migrations, Asset Pipeline, Streaming, jQuery as default JavaScript library and newly introduced CoffeeScript and Sass into

2597-493: Was released on 15 December 2021, replacing Node.js and Webpack with import maps for JavaScript management by default, replacing Turbolinks with a combination of Turbo and Stimulus, adding at-work encryption into Active Record, using Zeitwerk exclusively for code loading, and more. Rails 7.1 was released on 5 October 2023, Dockerfiles support using Kamal in order to deploy your application, authentication improvements, and now including support for bun . Ruby on Rails 8.0.0

2650-514: Was released on 15 March 2009, with major new developments in templates, engines, Rack and nested model forms. Templates enable the developer to generate a skeleton application with custom gems and configurations. Engines give developers the ability to reuse application pieces complete with routes, view paths and models. The Rack web server interface and Metal allow one to write optimized pieces of code that route around Action Controller. On 23 December 2008, Merb , another web application framework,

2703-415: Was released on 27 April 2017, introducing JavaScript integration changes (management of JavaScript dependencies from NPM via Yarn, optional compilation of JavaScript using Webpack , and a rewrite of Rails UJS to use vanilla JavaScript instead of depending on jQuery), system tests using Capybara , encrypted secrets, parameterized mailers, direct & resolved routes, and a unified form_with helper replacing

SECTION 50

#1732783367459

2756-488: Was released on 8 April 2014, introducing Spring, Variants, Enums, Mailer previews, and secrets.yml. Rails 4.2 was released on 19 December 2014, introducing Active Job, asynchronous emails, Adequate Record, Web Console, and foreign keys . Rails 5.0 was released on 30 June 2016, introducing Action Cable, API mode, and Turbolinks 5. Rails 5.0.0.1 was released on 10 August 2016, with Exclusive use of rails CLI over Rake and support for Ruby version 2.2.2 and above. Rails 5.1

2809-402: Was released on 8 November 2024. This major release introduces fundamental shifts in Rails development, enabling individual developers to host and manage their applications independently without the need for a Platform-as-a-service . The update focuses on empowering single developers to handle all aspects of application deployment and management seamlessly. A revised maintenance policy

#458541