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33-460: When they first appeared in the 1920s, colectivos were small buses built out of smaller vehicle chassis (cars, vans, etc.) and, later, out of truck chassis (1950–1990, by Mercedes-Benz Argentina), not specifically designed for the transportation of people, and were decorated with unique hand-painted drawings ( fileteado ) that gave each unit a distinct flavor. They steadily evolved and grew larger, but kept their picturesque style until

66-524: A Belgian patents Lawyer and Pioneer of automotive engineering, represented 'Gasmotorenfabrik Otto & Langen' (Deutz AG) and acquired the license to build Deutz engines in France , which he duly contracted to Perin, Panhard & Cie (later Panhard et Levassor ) in Paris . Around 1886/1887, he similarly acquired licenses to build Daimler engines. His untimely death in 1887, left his widow Louise to develop

99-431: A modified L 3500 truck chassis – LO 3500, OP 3500, LO 311, LO 312, LO 911 (the [O] stands for Omnibus) – with a separately manufactured body fitted later by different coachbuilders . In less than a decade the output was 6,500 units a year. In 1963 Mercedes built the 10,000nd colectivo (model LO 312), and continued with other models, such as L 1112 (120 HP ), LA 1112 (all-wheel traction) and

132-461: A necessity in the city, and a convenient and cheap way to get around. Most colectivos in the big cities of Argentina do not have a fixed timetable, but run at least four, and often many more, services per hour, depending on the bus line and time of day. During night-time, all colectivos in Buenos Aires city run through their stops at least twice an hour. Since December 10, 2015, SUBE card is

165-408: A route, the colectivo is a very widely used mode of transportation around the city. "Porteños" (Autonomous City of Buenos Aires' residents) have a love-hate relationship with the colectivo: on the one hand, they are usually very crowded in rush hour and plagued with pickpockets , petty thieves , beggars and hawkers (itinerant salesmen), though more controlled nowadays. On the other hand, they are

198-456: A tandem oil cooler/radiator configuration; these also do not require antifreeze or coolant agents. Deutz also sells a line of economic liquid-cooled engines. In 2007, the "Deutz Power Systems" division was sold to 3i , and Deutz AG now concentrates on producing and selling compact engines under the Deutz brand only. They focus on manufacturing engines only for the customer, without competing for

231-406: A very common phrase is: Lo mejor que hizo la vieja es el pibe que maneja (loosely "The best thing my mum did was this bus-driving kid"). The units with a larger budget had more details added around the driver's seat. These usually came in the form of lights of exotic colors or seat covers with wool and fringes or even leather. It was very common to see the gear-stick full of hanging knickknacks and

264-524: A wealthy country. The streets of prosperous Buenos Aires (with 2 million inhabitants) soon filled with cars. Commercial relations with the United Kingdom (mainly trade in meat and grain), also brought a myriad of investors and enterprises in the early years of the century, including Latin America 's first metro system , cars , trains , tramways , taxis and public buses. On 24 September 1928,

297-459: Is a German internal combustion engine manufacturer, based in Porz, Cologne , Germany . The company was founded by Nicolaus Otto , the inventor of the four-stroke internal combustion engine, and his partner Eugen Langen on 31 March 1864, as N. A. Otto & Cie , later renamed to Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz after moving operations in 1869, from Cologne to Deutz , located on the opposite side of

330-609: The Rhine . In the early years, Otto and Langen were interested only in producing stationary engines , not automobiles. The technical director, Gottlieb Daimler , was eager to produce automobiles. In the middle of the 1870s, it was suggested that he transfer to the company's St. Petersburg factory to reduce his influence. He resigned, taking Wilhelm Maybach with him. Deutz also produced agricultural machines such as Combine harvesters and Tractors , as well as Commercial Vehicles such as Trucks and Buses . In 1884, Edouard Sarazin ,

363-478: The United States and Canada was established. Deutz-powered air-cooled engine are well-suited for many applications since they cannot freeze or boil over during normal operation. Deutz also manufactures oil-cooled engines. These can provide the same power as other engine designs, but in a smaller package, since they do not require the additional space to house a radiator. Deutz also makes engines with

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396-481: The 1930s the size of the colectivo had increased from five to up to a dozen seats, and the Chevrolet line had become widely used, with bodies made by local companies. This style was kept until the 1970s and 1980s, by which time the units had twenty seats plus cramped room for many standing passengers. During its heyday, drivers deliberately challenged the "real" public buses and electric tramways, parking near them at

429-472: The 1990s, when the urban fleet was modernized with standard rear-engined bus units. During most of their history, tickets were sold by the driver, who would drive off as soon as all passengers had boarded, selling tickets while driving. Taxi-bus, Chevrolet Double Phaeton, creation of the "líneas" In the 1900s Argentina was the "Granary of the World", one of the largest world food producers and exporters, and

462-633: The 1990s: Decorators used many colorful combinations over the units' external body, helping identify each one of the líneas . These eventually evolved into "corporate colors": when one company ran several lines, they painted buses on all lines in the same colors. Until the 1990s the fileteado , individual to each bus, was maintained. Fileteado has been defined as: "art on wheels": full of colored ornaments and symmetries completed with poetic phrases, sayings and aphorisms, both humorous or roguish, emotional or philosophical". The colectivos were where this art found its best canvas. Long, wide mirrors placed around

495-646: The Deutz range were manufactured in Mannheim at a production facility that once belonged to Süddeutsche Bremsen-AG as MWM-Diesel. Deutz also has production facilities in other countries, including Spain, and a joint venture production facility in China. After Deutz took over, the plant specialized in marine engines. This facility now produces engines for marine and power generation, which can run on either fuel oils or fuel gases (including landfill gas ). In 1995 Deutz sold its agricultural machinery division – Deutz-Fahr – to

528-723: The Italian company SAME , forming SAME Deutz-Fahr . In February 2022, CEO Frank Hiller was dismissed and replaced by the supervisory board. Sebastian Schulte replaced him as the interim CEO & CFO. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Bernd Bohr, resigned. His successor was Dietmar Voggenreiter. Deutz engines are available in the power range of 5 to 500 kW, with air, oil or water cooling and with life expectancy of 20,000 to 30,000 running hours TBO (Time Between Overhauling) on rebuilt and brand-new units. Parts and services are available worldwide. A network of distributors in

561-639: The L ;1114. The Mercedes-Benz colectivos had truck powerplants, a diesel engine with power transmitted to the rear axle by a five-speed constant-mesh gearbox. All the lines progressively adopted these units and, from 1950 to 1990, all colectivos were eventually Mercedes-Benz models. Omnibus. Blurring of the tradition of the colectivo In 1987 El Detalle , one of the bus body suppliers of Mercedes-Benz, started competing with its former chassis provider, investing in low price and modern urban buses, with cheaper Deutz engines. That same year model El Detalle OA-101

594-403: The busiest stations and driving close to them during the day to pick up their passengers. Soon people started to prefer these colectivos , which displaced the original buses and trams. With time the routes were formalized, and owners of colectivos joined together into lines that operated standard routes, distinguished by numbers displayed on the colectivos . Since several lines often traversed

627-426: The business relationships and complete the partnership negotiations. Famous people who have worked for Deutz include Eugen Langen, Nicolaus Otto, Gottlieb Daimler (from 1872 until 1880), Wilhelm Maybach (from 1872 until 1880), Prosper L'Orange (from 1904 until October 1908), Ettore Bugatti (in 1907), and Robert Bosch . During World War II , the company was ordered to produce artillery and operated under

660-664: The casing where the tickets and coins were stored covered with motifs. Before 1995 tickets were sold by the colectivero (driver) as he drove; they were colored strips of paper with a 5-digit number. Palindromic numbers (such as 10301 ) were called capicuas (from Catalan cap i cua , "head and tail") and sometimes collected. The colectivo bus operations of Buenos Aires provide a widespread and frequent bus service that attracts exceptionally high ridership with virtually no public financial support beyond subsidized petrol to keep fares low. With low ticket prices, very frequent services, and extensive routes, with many places within 400m of

693-475: The company has made a full circle back to MWM. In 2012, SAME Deutz-Fahr sold 22 million shares, the majority of its holding in Deutz AG, to Volvo, making of it the largest shareholder at just over 25%. SAME Deutz-Fahr retained 8.4% equity in the company. In 2017, Deutz acquired Torqeedo GmbH, specialist for integrated electric and hybrid drives for boats. Volvo sold all of its ownership stakes in Deutz in

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726-470: The driver seat often had winding drawings and motifs that usually portrayed the driver's preferences in football , religion and tango . The outside of the units was also painted with fileteado details, flower motifs, national flags , and football team banners. It was also very common to see phrases written down in complex fonts, usually at the back. These phrases were often ingenious puns or rhymes and became part of Argentine folklore. A simple example of

759-583: The driver's head, disappeared. After 1995 automatic ticket machines made journeys safer, since drivers did not have to sell tickets and drive at the same time. In 2005 Mercedes-Benz units accounted for about half of the buses in the city of Buenos Aires and its surroundings, with units built in Buenos Aires (La Favorita, Eivar, Italbus, Bimet-Corwin, Galicia, CND, CEAP, Ugarte, etc.) and in Brazil (Marcopolo, CAIO and others). The other half were El Detalle units and others such as Scania , Volv racteristics until

792-404: The entire piece of finished machinery. On October 1 2008, the former Deutz Power Systems division received a new, old, name MWM (Motoren Werke Mannheim AG) . Karl Benz established the company in 1871. After splitting the engine business from Benz AG, it became Motoren-Werke Mannheim AG. Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG took over in 1985, later becoming Deutz AG. After spinning off Deutz Power Systems,

825-432: The first taxi-bus ran through Buenos Aires. Later called "colectivo", it was based on an Argentine-manufactured longer-wheelbase Chevrolet Superior K-series Double Phaeton called " Especial Argentino ". It provided public transportation throughout Buenos Aires on pre-defined itineraries and stops, charging a low price for each passenger. Chevrolet started manufacturing a truck chassis adaptable to passenger transport. By

858-498: The name Klöckner Humboldt Deutz AG (KHD). In 1942, KHD was declared a war model company by the National Socialist German Workers' Front for its "services to the defense economy". In this context, the company relied heavily on the use of forced laborers. In the 1942/1943 financial year, 2127 people, mainly from Western Europe, were forced to work at KHD. In some cases, up to 40 percent of the workers in

891-578: The new era: practically no modernization had taken place since the early years, and the suburban railway system was not sufficient to meet the rising demands of the population. Mercedes-Benz moved into the colectivo market: in 1951 the then Daimler-Benz AG set up in Argentina its first factories outside Germany : one in the town of San Martín , near Buenos Aires, and another in González Catán . Mercedes released updated local colectivo chassis,

924-630: The only way to pay the trips. It can refilled in drugstores, train and subway ( Subte ) stations or prefilled in payment cell apps before accreditation in terminals on train, subte and some Metrobus stations Bus Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 539517905 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:37:51 GMT Deutz AG Deutz AG

957-608: The plants were forced laborers. The factory was almost destroyed by an air raid on the night of the 3rd and 4th of July 1943 (→ Bombing of Cologne in WW II ). From 1892 to 1970, Deutz built locomotives in the power range from 4 HP to 2000 HP; until 1927, with gasoline engines, and from 1927, increasingly with diesel engine drive. Commercial vehicles powered by Deutz engines were popular from 1960 to 1980. Fire engines built by Magirus in Ulm , Southern Germany , used an M-shaped logo, with

990-418: The previous year. During the 1990s some companies found it cheaper to switch to single-colored units, and a flurry of mergers and foldings changed the appearance of colectivos. Nowadays, only the three-digit numbering and some of the routes survive from the traditional "líneas", fileteado is rarely seen, the filigranas were lost, and some of the classic big details, such as the panoramic mirrors close to

1023-400: The same roads, companies began to adopt different colors to distinguish their units more clearly than by the number alone. Line 60 , a particularly well-known line with a long route, had its beginnings in this era. Mercedes-Benz truck and buses After World War II and during the 1950s Argentine industry started to develop again, but the country's public transport system was inadequate for

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1056-643: The steeple of the world's tallest church, the Ulm Minster , in its center. After the Magirus-Deutz merger, the company continued to use this logo even though the twin towers of the Cologne Cathedral can be seen from the company headquarters. Deutz's head office is in the Porz district of Cologne and, as of 2004, was manufacturing liquid and air-cooled diesel engines . The larger engines in

1089-473: Was launched. This model was rear-engined and had pneumatic suspension, providing smoother rides and more inside space. Mercedes-Benz responded the following year with the rear-engined OH-1314, but that was considered "the death of the Colectivo", certainly the end of an era. In 1989 the last truck-based colectivos, on the classic Mercedes-Benz chassis LO-1114, were assembled. Production had been discontinued

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