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55-976: Colel Chabad was founded by the first Lubavitcher Rebbe , Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi , and was headed by each Lubavitcher Rebbe thereafter. It is also known as the charity of Rabbi Meir Ba'al HaNes . Its current director is Rabbi Sholom Duchman. In 2005, Colel Chabad ranked #117 among the top Canadian registered charities by expenditures outside Canada, with $ 2,623,290 in expenditures. Colel Chabad presently operates 19 soup kitchens in Israel: 3 in Jerusalem , 3 in Safed , 4 in Ashdod , 4 in Lod , and one each in Ashkelon , Beersheva , Dimona , Ramle , and Yerucham . These kitchens feed 3,000 poor and elderly people daily. One of

110-570: A Chabadnik ( Hebrew : חבדניק ), or a Chabadsker ( Yiddish : חבדסקער ). Chabad's adherents include both Hasidic followers, as well as non-Hasidim, who have joined Chabad synagogues and other Chabad-run institutions. Although the Chabad movement was founded and originally based in Eastern Europe , various Chabad communities span the globe, including Crown Heights , Brooklyn , and Kfar Chabad , Israel . The movement has attracted

165-546: A Chabad emissary, maintains warm relations with Russian President Vladimir Putin . Lazar also received the Order of Friendship and Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" medals from him. The Chabad movement has been led by a succession of Hasidic rebbes . The main branch of the movement, Chabad-Lubavitch, has had seven rebbes: Chabad's influence among world Jewry has been far-reaching since World War II . Chabad pioneered

220-434: A Jewish children's movement, called Tzivos Hashem (lit. "Army [of] God"), for under bar/bat mitzvah -age children, to inspire them to increase in study of Torah and observance of mitzvot . Rabbi Schneerson also encouraged the use of modern technology in outreach efforts such as Mitzva tanks , which are mobile homes that travel a city or country. The Chabad website, chabad.org , a pioneer of Jewish religious outreach on

275-456: A number of educational institutions. Most are Jewish day schools ; others offer secondary and adult education: Many of the movement's activities emphasize outreach activities. This is due to Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson encouraging his followers to reach out to other Jews. Chabad outreach includes activities promoting the practice of Jewish commandments ( Mitzvah campaigns ), as well as other forms of Jewish outreach. Much of Chabad's outreach

330-479: A significant number of Sephardic adherents in the past several decades, and some Chabad communities include both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. For example, in Montreal , close to 25% of Chabad households include a Sephardi parent. According to sociologists studying contemporary Jewry, the Chabad movement fits into neither the standard category of Haredi nor that of modern Orthodox among Orthodox Jews. This

385-550: A student of Dov Ber of Mezeritch , the successor to Hasidism's founder, Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov . Rabbi Dovber Shneuri , the Second Rebbe, moved the movement to Lyubavichi ( Yiddish : ליובאַװיטש , Lyubavitsh ), in current-day Russia, in 1813. The movement was centered in Lyubavichi for a century until the fifth Rebbe, Rabbi Shalom Dovber left the village in 1915 and moved to the city of Rostov-on-Don . During

440-427: A total of 440 subsidized weddings annually. The two halls are also lower-priced than wedding halls in the center of town for the general religious public. Colel Chabad prints a yearly calendar with a compilation of laws and Chabad customs pertaining to the various weeks of the year. It is available in booklet format (Hebrew and English) as well as in a Hebrew language wall format for synagogue use, and its online version

495-758: A two-week widows' therapeutic retreat while caring for participants' children in summer camps. Colel Chabad offers absorption services, job counseling, senior programs, a library and an evening yeshiva for Russian immigrants in Jerusalem. Its Kolel Tifereth Zkainim is a network of cultural/educational "clubs" for Soviet immigrants in Ashdod, Ashkelon, Jerusalem and Lod. Colel Chabad also schedules Russian-language Passover Seders throughout Israel for new immigrants. In 1991, Colel Chabad began organizing mass bar mitzvahs for Russian immigrants to Israel who had not been able to keep Jewish traditions in their homeland. To date,

550-541: Is a dynasty in Hasidic Judaism . Belonging to the Haredi (ultra-Orthodox) branch of Orthodox Judaism , it is one of the world's best-known Hasidic movements, as well as one of the largest Jewish religious organizations. Unlike most Haredi groups, which are self-segregating, Chabad mainly operates in the wider world and caters to nonobservant Jews. Founded in 1775 by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745–1812) in

605-455: Is a book by Rabbi Shneur Zalman first published in 1797. It is the first schematic treatment of Hasidic moral philosophy and its metaphysical foundations. According to the Tanya , the intellect consists of three interconnected processes: Chochma (wisdom), Bina (understanding), and Da'at (knowledge). While other branches of Hasidism primarily focused on the idea that "God desires

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660-430: Is also known as Likutei Amarim ("Collected Sayings"). Sefer Shel Beinonim analyzes the inner struggle of the individual and the path to resolution. Citing the biblical verse "the matter is very near to you, in your mouth, your heart, to do", the philosophy is based on the notion that the human is not inherently evil; rather, every individual has an inner conflict that is characterized by two different inclinations,

715-737: Is commonly referred to as bringing "heaven down to earth", i.e. making the Earth a dwelling place for God. Chabad philosophy is rooted in the teachings of Rabbis Yisroel ben Eliezer , (the Baal Shem Tov, founder of Hasidism) and Dovber ben Avraham , the "Maggid of Mezritch" (Rabbi Yisroel's successor). Rabbi Shneur Zalman 's teachings, particularly in the Tanya , formed the basis of Chabad philosophy, as expanded by succeeding generations. Many Chabad activities today are understood as applications of Shneur Zalman's teachings. The Tanya ( תניא )

770-551: Is due in part to the existence of the number of Chabad supporters and affiliates who are not Orthodox (dubbed by some scholars as "non-Orthodox Hasidim"), the general lack of official recognition of political and religious distinctions within Judaism, and the open relationship with non-Orthodox Jews represented by the activism of Chabad emissaries. In 2018, Marcin Wodziński conducted the first global estimate of worldwide Hasidism in

825-404: Is made to provide an atmosphere in which the nonobservant will not feel intimidated by any perceived contrast between their lack of knowledge of Jewish practice and the advanced knowledge of some of the people they meet there. The term "Chabad House" originated with the creation of the first such outreach center on the campus of UCLA by Rabbi Shlomo Cunin . A key to the Chabad house was given to

880-482: Is performed by Chabad emissaries (see Shaliach (Chabad) ). Most of the communities that Chabad emissaries reach out to are other Jewish communities, such as Reform Jews . Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn , 6th leader of the Chabad-Lubavitch branch of Hasidic Judaism , and then his successor, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson were responsible for focusing Chabad's activities on outreach. Rabbi Schneerson

935-560: Is published in both Hebrew and English. The charity receives donations from large and small donors alike. It distributes a pushka (charity box) which it encourages contributors to donate to every Friday before Shabbat candle-lighting . Large donors are honored at its annual dinner in New York. According to media reports, Colel Chabad was the main charity supported by Sholom Rubashkin , who donated millions of dollars from profits earned by his now-bankrupt company, Agriprocessors. Rubashkin

990-415: The 2008 Mumbai attacks , the local Chabad house was targeted. The local Chabad emissaries, Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg and his wife Rivka, and four other Jews were tortured and murdered by Islamic terrorists. Chabad received condolences from around the world. Funds for activities of a Chabad center rely entirely on the local community. Chabad centers do not receive funding from Lubavitch headquarters. For

1045-624: The Historical Atlas of Hasidism . Using Chabad community directories, Wodziński estimated that Chabad included 16,000–17,000 households, or 90,000–95,000 individuals, representing 13% of the total Hasidic population and ranking Chabad as the second-largest Hasidic community behind the Satmar community . Estimates for Chabad and other Hasidic groups are often based on extrapolation from the limited information available in US census data for some of

1100-532: The Internet , was started by Rabbi Yosef Y. Kazen and developed by Rabbi D. Zirkind. In 2023, it was reportedly the largest faith-based website, with 52 million unique visitors and 102,129 content pages covering all facets of Judaism . In June 1994, Rabbi Schneerson died with no successor. Since then, over two thousand couples have taken up communal leadership roles in outreach, bringing the estimated total number of "Shluchim" to over five thousand worldwide. In

1155-554: The Messiah , with his own position on the matter debated among scholars. Messianic ideology in Chabad sparked controversy in various Jewish communities and it is still an unresolved matter. Following his death, no successor was appointed as a new central leader. The Rebbe was also known to have never visited Israel, for reasons which remain disputed among the Chabad community. The global population of Chabad has been estimated to be 90,000–95,000 adherents as of 2018, accounting for 13% of

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1210-723: The interwar period , following Bolshevik persecution, the Chabad-Lubavitch movement, under the Sixth Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak, was centered in Riga and then in Warsaw . The outbreak of World War II led the Sixth Rebbe to move to the United States . Since 1940, the movement's center has been in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn . While the movement spawned a number of offshoot groups throughout its history,

1265-432: The 1960s. Chabad adherents follow Chabad traditions and prayer services based on Lurianic Kabbalah . General Chabad customs, called minhagim (or minhagei Chabad ), distinguish the movement from other Hasidic groups. Some of the main Chabad customs are minor practices performed on traditional Jewish holidays : There are a number of days marked by the Chabad movement as special days. Major holidays include

1320-584: The 1980s, tensions arose between Chabad and Satmar Chasidim as a result of several assaults on Chabad Hasidim by Satmar Hasidim. The Chabad movement was subjected to governmental oppression in Russia. The Russian government, first under the Czar , later under the Bolsheviks , imprisoned all but one of the Chabad rebbes. The Bolsheviks also imprisoned, exiled and executed a number of Chabad Hasidim. During

1375-401: The Chabad-Lubavitch branch is the only one still active, making it the movement's main surviving line. Historian Jonathan Sarna has characterized Chabad as having enjoyed the fastest rate of growth of any Jewish religious movement in the period 1946–2015. In the early 1900s, Chabad-Lubavitch legally incorporated itself under Agudas Chasidei Chabad ("Association of Chabad Hasidim"). In

1430-836: The Jerusalem soup kitchens is located directly opposite the Western Wall . A Meals on Wheels program delivers 1,500 meals daily to the homebound, sick and elderly through five kitchens nationwide. The charity's food banks, constituting Israel's largest food-bank network, distribute crates of foodstuffs to 5,000 impoverished families monthly and 25,000 families before Passover and Rosh Hashana . The charity also distributes 700 brown-bag lunches to poor children in Safed schools. In 2009, Colel Chabad opened its own chain of at-cost stores located in Beitar Illit , Bnei Brak , and Safed. An estimated 12,000–15,000 shoppers per month patronize

1485-462: The New York metropolitan area, Chabad in the New York area accounts for around 15% of the total New York Hasidic population. Chabad is estimated to have an annual growth of 3.6%: The Chabad community in France is estimated to be between 10,000 and 15,000. The majority of the Chabad community in France are the descendants of immigrants from North Africa (specifically Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) during

1540-555: The Rebbe and he asked if that meant that the new house was his home. He was told yes and he replied, "My hand will be on the door of this house to keep it open twenty-four hours a day for young and old, men and women alike." Followers of Chabad can be seen attending to tefillin booths at the Western Wall and Ben Gurion International Airport as well as other public places and distributing Shabbat candles on Fridays. Chabad rabbis and their families are sent to various major cities around

1595-585: The Second World War, many Chabad Hasidim evacuated to the Uzbek cities of Samarkand and Tashkent where they established small centers of Hasidic life, while at the same time seeking ways to emigrate from Soviet Russia due to the government's suppression of religious life. The reach of Chabad in Central Asia also included earlier efforts that took place in the 1920s. Following the war, and well after

1650-705: The United States, where the Rebbe lived on 770 Eastern Parkway until the end of his life. Between 1951 and 1994, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson transformed the movement into one of the most widespread Jewish movements in the world. Under his leadership, Chabad established a large network of institutions that seek to satisfy the religious, social and humanitarian needs of Jews across the world. Chabad institutions provide outreach to unaffiliated Jews and humanitarian aid, as well as religious, cultural and educational activities. During his life and after his death, Schneerson has been believed by some of his followers to be

1705-486: The areas where Hasidim live. A 2006 estimate was drawn from a study on the Montreal Chabad community (determining average household size), in conjunction with language and other select indicators from US census data, it is estimated that Chabad in the United States includes approximately 4,000 households, which contains between 22,000 and 25,000 people. In terms of Chabad's relation to other Hasidic groups, within

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1760-653: The center of the Chabad movement moved to the United States , the movement remained active in Soviet Russia, aiding the local Jews known as Refuseniks who sought to learn more about Judaism. And throughout the Soviet era, the Chabad movement maintained a secret network across the USSR. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, state persecution of Chabad ceased. The Chief Rabbi of Russia , Berel Lazar ,

1815-470: The city of Liozno in the Russian Empire , the name "Chabad" ( חב״ד ) is an acronym formed from the three Hebrew words— Chokmah , Binah , Da'at — for the first three sefirot of the kabbalistic Tree of Life after Keter : חכמה, בינה, דעת , "Wisdom, Understanding, and Knowledge"—which represent the intellectual and kabbalistic underpinnings of the movement. The name Lubavitch derives from

1870-680: The concept of hospital summer camps. Volunteers bring counselors, activities, carnivals, music, and arts and crafts directly to hospitalized children. Colel Chabad daycare centers are located in Ashdod, Ashkelon, Beitar Illit, Rishon LeZion , and Safed. These centers care for over 750 children ages 6 months to 5 years daily. Colel Chabad has a separate division catering to the needs of widows and orphans. It provides food, clothing and social services for nearly 300 widows and more than 620 children annually. It also arranges tutors for more than 800 children, regular physical testing of each child, and home visits by social workers. Each summer, Colel Chabad runs

1925-428: The dates of the release of the leaders of the movement, the rebbes of Chabad, from prison, others corresponded to the leaders' birthdays, anniversaries of death, and other life events. The days marking the leaders' release, are celebrated by the Chabad movement as "Days of Liberation" ( Hebrew : יום גאולה ( Yom Geulah )). The most noted day is Yud Tes Kislev —the liberation of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi ,

1980-539: The day-to-day operations, local emissaries do all the fundraising by themselves. Chabad emissaries often solicit the support of local Jews. Funds are used toward purchasing or renovating Chabad centers, synagogues and mikvahs . The Chabad movement has been involved in numerous activities in contemporary Jewish life. These activities include providing Jewish education to different age groups, outreach to non-affiliated Jews, publishing Jewish literature, and summer camps for children, among other activities. Chabad runs

2035-632: The financial needs of widows and orphans, newlyweds, small-business owners, and shluchim to the Former Soviet Union who wish to purchase a home there. Since 1997, Colel Chabad has subsidized weddings for needy couples at the Chabad-managed Gutnick and Hadar wedding halls in the Givat Shaul neighborhood of Jerusalem. The charity pays for 40% of weddings for poor couples and 50% for children of widows, accounting for

2090-454: The founder of the Chabad movement. The day is also called the "New Year of Hasidism". The birthdays of several of the movement's leaders are celebrated each year including Chai Elul , the birthday of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi , the founder of the Chabad movement, and Yud Aleph Nissan , the birthday of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson , the seventh rebbe of Chabad. The anniversaries of death, or yartzeit , of several of

2145-603: The global Hasidic population. However, up to one million Jews are estimated to attend Chabad services at least once a year. In a 2020 study, the Pew Research Center found that 16% of American Jews participated in Chabad services or activities at least semi-regularly. The Chabad movement was established after the First Partition of Poland in the town of Liozno, Pskov Governorate , Russian Empire (now Liozna , Belarus ), in 1775, by Shneur Zalman ,

2200-445: The globe, to teach college students, build day schools, and create youth camps. Many of these efforts are geared towards secular or less religious Jews . Additionally, unmarried rabbinical students spend weeks during the summer in locations that do not yet have a permanent Chabad presence, making housecalls, putting up mezuzot and teaching about Judaism. This is known as Merkos Shlichus. Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson also initiated

2255-449: The good and the bad. Chabad often contrasted itself with what is termed the Chagat schools of Hasidism. While all schools of Hasidism put a central focus on the emotions, Chagat saw emotions as a reaction to physical stimuli, such as dancing, singing, or beauty. Shneur Zalman, on the other hand, taught that the emotions must be led by the mind, and thus the focus of Chabad thought

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2310-467: The heart," Shneur Zalman argued that God also desires the mind, and he also argued that the mind is the "gateway" to the heart. With the Chabad philosophy, he elevated the mind above the heart, arguing that "understanding is the mother of fear and love for God". The Tanya has five sections. The original name of the first section is Sefer Shel Beinonim , the "Book of the Intermediates". It

2365-408: The highest concentration of Chabad centers is North America. The continent with the fewest centers is Africa. A Chabad house is a form of Jewish community center , primarily serving both educational and observance purposes. Often, until the community can support its own center, the Chabad house is located in the shaliach 's home, with the living room being used as the "synagogue". Effort

2420-555: The leaders in using free holiday services to reach out across denominations. Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn, had a core of dedicated Hasidim who maintained underground yeshivos and mikvehs , and provided shechitah and ritual circumcision services in the Soviet Union . Shabbat candles Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include

2475-764: The majority are in the United States and Israel . There are over 100 countries with a small Chabad presence. In total, according to its directory, Chabad maintains a presence in 950 cities around the world: 178 in Europe, 14 in Africa, 200 in Israel, 400 in North America, 38 in South America, and about 70 in Asia (excluding Israel, including Russia). Chabad presence varies from region to region. The continent with

2530-666: The movement at large, Agudas Chasidei Chabad , is headed by Rabbi Abraham Shemtov . The educational, outreach and social services arms, Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch and Machneh Israel are headed by Rabbi Yehuda Krinsky , as well as the Chabad-Lubavitch publishing house, Kehot Publication Society . Local Chabad centers and institutions are usually incorporated as separate legal entities. As of 2020 there were over 3,500 Chabad centers in 100 countries. The Chabad movement's online directory lists around 1,350 Chabad institutions. This number includes schools and other Chabad-affiliated establishments. The number of Chabad centers vary per country;

2585-437: The movement's leaders are celebrated each year, include Yud Shvat , the yartzeit of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn , the sixth rebbe of Chabad, Gimmel Tammuz , the yartzeit of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson , the seventh rebbe of Chabad, and Chof Beis Shvat , the yartzeit of Chaya Mushka Schneerson , the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson. Chabad's central organization representing

2640-697: The one Orthodox group which evokes great affection from large segments of American Jewry . Chabad Hasidic philosophy focuses on religious and spiritual concepts such as God, the soul, and the meaning of the Jewish commandments. Classical Judaic writings and Jewish mysticism, especially the Zohar and the Kabbalah of Rabbi Isaac Luria , are frequently cited in Chabad works. These texts are used both as sources of Chabad teachings and as material requiring interpretation by Chabad authors. Many of these teachings discuss what

2695-557: The organization has performed over 17,000 bar and bat mitzvahs. The annual event for 1,000 Russian-immigrant boys and girls takes place at the Western Wall in the presence of government officials, Chief Rabbis and other dignitaries. Colel Chabad volunteers spend months preparing each child to participate in the special day, and each boy receives a pair of tefillin while each girl receives a sterling-silver candlestick. The event concludes with an all-day trip to an amusement park. The various free-loan funds operated by Colel Chabad address

2750-738: The post-World War II Jewish outreach movement, which spread Judaism to many assimilated Jews worldwide, leading to a substantial number of baalei teshuva ("returnees" to Judaism). The very first Yeshiva/Rabbinical College for such baalei teshuva, Hadar Hatorah , was established by the Lubavitcher rebbe. It is reported that up to a million Jews attend Chabad services at least once a year. According to journalist Steven I. Weiss , Chabad's ideology has dramatically influenced non-Hasidic Jews' outreach practices. Because of its outreach to all Jews, including those Jews who are quite alienated from religious Jewish traditions, Chabad has been described as

2805-804: The stores, realizing savings of 30–40% off groceries and cleaning supplies. Colel Chabad sponsors several medical centers serving the poor. These include the Grabski Multiple Sclerosis Center in Migdal HaEmek, the Grabski Pediatric Dental Clinic in Safed and the Konigsberg Pediatric Dental Clinic in Jerusalem, and two mobile pediatric dental clinics that travel to low-income, outlying communities which lack dental clinics of their own. Colel Chabad also pioneered

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2860-470: The town in which the now-dominant line of leaders resided from 1813 to 1915. Other, non-Lubavitch scions of Chabad either disappeared or merged into the Lubavitch line. In the 1930s, the sixth Rebbe of Chabad, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn , moved the center of the Chabad movement from Russia to Poland. After the outbreak of World War II, he moved the center of the movement to Brooklyn, New York, in

2915-453: Was a pioneer in the field of Orthodox Judaism outreach ( Kiruv ). Each sent out large numbers of rabbinic emissaries, known as " Shluchim ", to settle in places across the world for outreach purposes. The centers that these Shluchim established were termed " Chabad houses ". Chabad has been active in reaching out to Jews through its synagogues, and various forms of more direct outreach efforts. The organization has been recognized as one of

2970-436: Was to be Torah study and prayer rather than esotericism and song. As a Talmudist, Shneur Zalman endeavored to place Kabbalah and Hasidism on a rational basis. In Tanya , he defines his approach as moach shalit al halev ( Hebrew : מוח שליט על הלב , "the brain ruling the heart"). An adherent of Chabad is called a Chabad Chasid (or Hasid ) ( Hebrew : חסיד חב"ד ), a Lubavitcher ( Yiddish : ליובאַוויטשער ),

3025-749: Was twice honored at the charity's annual dinner. One year after the Simchat Torah terrorist attacks in southern Israel on Oct. 7 , Debbie and Michael Flacks have given a $ 5 million donation to erect a new center dedicated to promoting community service and acts of kindness. The 10-story “ Flacks Chessed Tower ” will be located in the heart of Jerusalem next to the Machaneh Yehudah open-air market. Chabad Chabad , also known as Lubavitch , Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch ( US : / x ə ˈ b ɑː d l u ˈ b ɑː v ɪ tʃ / ; Hebrew : חב״ד לובביץּ׳ ; Yiddish : חב״ד ליובאוויטש ),

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