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36-458: The National Navy, through the Coast Guard, is a military maritime service which performs public safety and environmental functions, as well as protecting economic interests in the maritime areas under its jurisdiction, including the coasts, ports and internal waters of the country. Its characteristic mix of military capabilities, defence and support in humanitarian assistance operations, serves

72-455: A policy to combat the various agents that generate violence, such as drug trafficking and guerrillas, seeking to "reduce the high crime rates, reduce social violence and develop far-reaching measures to ensure public peace".8 The government has also taken steps to improve the situation of the population, including the protection of the environment. 8 To this extent, one of the priorities was to attack all links of drug trafficking, an issue for which

108-567: A role in winning the war, they could still be used to avoid defeat. Lockheed AC-130 gunships and Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II ground attack aircraft began operations, attacking ground forces. These were the first aircraft used against troops; previous strikes had targeted command and anti-aircraft infrastructure. Two B-1 bombers from Ellsworth Air Force Base attacked undisclosed targets in Libya. Attack submarine USS  Providence completed all assigned strike missions and left

144-478: Is a core capability of virtually all military air forces, and has been conducted in conflicts since World War I . Aircraft that are used for this purpose are known as interdictors . A distinction is often made between tactical and strategic air interdiction, depending on the objectives of the operation. Typical objectives in tactical interdiction are meant to affect events rapidly and locally, for example through direct destruction of forces or supplies en route to

180-493: Is created by Decree No. 399 of February 18, 1994, the Medal Distinguished Service to the Coast Guard. This would be made up in its central body by a blue malt cross finished off in its angles exterior by gold coloured spheres. "The cross contains a central circle that resembles a life jacket (a Coast Guard badge), the outer ring of which is red colour with gold trimmings. In the central part is the shield of

216-517: Is key, a fact that also seeks to combat the illegal traffic that subsists within the structure of the Colombian State. In truth, this last point is the capacity in dissuasive and coercive terms that the State must have against those who try to break the security and order with illegality. The maritime interdiction component in the fight against maritime drug trafficking was, among other things,

252-425: Is to carry out coordinated operations against drug trafficking, indicates a total of 375.13 tons of cocaine seized between 2001 and 2004, with 2003 being the year with the largest seizure of 113.62 tons. The figures suggest that significant progress has been made against drug trafficking, and it is important to note that these seizures have been made thanks to the constant surveillance and control of maritime routes by

288-841: The First World War and Second World War during the Battle of the Atlantic campaigns (1914–1918) and (1939–1945) . In several other campaigns, such as the Norwegian Campaign and the Battle of the Mediterranean , naval interdiction campaigns took place. Naval interdiction took place in the Persian Gulf , during Operation Southern Watch . They took place between the end of Operation Desert Storm in 1991 and

324-622: The United Nations forces during the Korean War . Beginning in August 1951, the campaign's 87,552 interdiction sorties were credited with destroying 276 locomotives, 3,820 railroad cars, 19,000 rail cuts , and 34,211 other vehicles . The North Koreans countered the campaign by moving anti-aircraft (AA) guns and crews towards the front line and placing them in higher concentrations around important targets, causing heavy casualties in

360-506: The ARC has had strong ties to the American and German navies and shipbuilders and much of its equipment traces its roots to them. The Navy Aviation Command operates approximately 17 fixed and rotary wing aircraft for naval surveillance and patrol, Search and Rescue (SAR), and logistical support of naval facilities and operations. With the aim of stimulating and rewarding outstanding Body,

396-578: The Allied air forces to interdict German supply routes in Italy north of Rome from 19 March 1944 to 11 May 1944. Its aim was to prevent essential supplies from reaching German forces in Central Italy and compel a German withdrawal. The strategic goal of the air assault was to eliminate or greatly reduce the need for a ground assault on the region. The Allies failed in the overly ambitious objective of

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432-514: The Coast Guard Corps meaning the motto to serve humanity by protecting the life. Maritime Interdiction Operations Maritime Interception (or naval interdiction ) operations (MIOs) are naval operations, that aim to delay, disrupt, or destroy enemy forces or supplies en route to the battle area before they do any harm against friendly forces, similar to air interdiction . Maritime interdiction took place in both World Wars ,

468-565: The Coast Guard controls illegal migration and immigration, collaborates with oceanographic and hydrographic investigations, protects the nation's renewable and non-renewable resources, controls maritime traffic and supports government and private activities at sea. In this way, the Coast Guard Component of the National Navy not only fulfills its philosophy of serving humanity to protect life at sea, but also contributes to

504-587: The Colombian Atlantic. They are responsible for ensuring maritime security and the interests of the nation in the areas of jurisdiction. In 1993, the Coast Guard activated a Command in the Pacific to attend simultaneously to both seas and thus fulfill its functions of defense of national sovereignty, control of fishing, repression of contraband, search and rescue, protection of the marine environment and natural resources. In addition to these functions,

540-526: The IIAF was more sustained through late 1980 but after mid-January 1981 also declined. While both sides caused considerable damage on the other, with the Iranians arguably achieving more, neither interdiction effort was particularly effective nor did they play a factor in the outcome of the war. Both sides pulled back their air forces to avoid mounting losses and with the reasoning that, while they might not play

576-508: The National Navy and the Coast Guard. In the Caribbean, the places chosen to install the stations are Cartagena, Barranquilla, Santa Marta, Coveñas, Turbo, Riohacha, Puerto Bolivar (Guajira), Puerto Estrella, Castilletes, Sapzurro, San Andrés, Providencia and Serranilla. On the other hand, the sites that will have coast guard stations on the Pacific coast will be: Buenaventura, Juradó, Bahía Solano, Nuquí, Bahía Málaga, Charambirá (mouths of

612-502: The San Juan), Guapi, Gorgona, Malpelo, Tumaco and Cabo Manglares. In keeping with its three major operational scenarios: blue-water operations, littoral/riverine operations and coast guard, the ARC maintains a mix of ships suited to each of those profiles. The scope of its operation has been historically oriented towards lightly armed coastal patrol, and as such, the majority of its vessels had been usually mid-size cutters. Traditionally,

648-657: The UN forces. Despite high losses, Operation Strangle destroyed 900 AA gun positions and damaged 443. During the Cold War , the NATO alliance leaned into the concept of air interdiction. "Air interdiction...is essential to the overall effectiveness of the Allies' military forces. Their role in supporting operations, on land and at sea, will require appropriate long-distance airlift and air refuelling capabilities. " Operation Linebacker

684-532: The active battle area. By contrast, strategic objectives are often broader and more long-term, with fewer direct attacks on enemy fighting capabilities, instead focusing on infrastructure, logistics and other supportive assets. The term deep air support relates to close air support and denotes the difference between their respective objectives. Close air support, as the name suggests, is directed towards targets close to friendly ground units, as closely coordinated air-strikes, in direct support of active engagement with

720-455: The advantage of having superior munitions and tactical reconnaissance - possessing a squadron of RF-4E Phantoms and pre- revolution targeting intelligence - but their efforts largely mirrored that of the IQAF. The IQAF's interdiction efforts peaked during the first 45 days of the war, but later declined to more sporadic missions, increasing in conjunction with major offensives. Interdiction by

756-460: The battlefield, sever enemy's lines of communication , prevent soldiers and matériel from reaching the battlefield. It can create systemic inefficiencies in the enemy's logistic system so that soldiers and matériel arrive at the battlefield more slowly or in an uneconomical manner. In the lead up to the invasion of France, the Allied strategic bomber force was switched from the destruction of

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792-616: The beginning of the Iraq War in 2003. These operations were conducted to ensure Saddam Hussein was not smuggling his oil out of Iraq , in violation of United Nations sanctions against Iraq. The operations involved the stopping and boarding of any and all ships transiting the Persian Gulf, and the Strait of Hormuz , to search for oil, weapons, and certain fugitives from justice. The first submarine to take part in these operations

828-485: The bet to which the National Navy opted since the early years of the 21st century. Neutralizing the maritime communication routes of the drug traffickers, as well as submitting them to the courts, are among the tasks to safeguard the maritime sovereignty of the country. Indeed, the maritime agreement to suppress illicit trafficking signed by Colombia and the United States government in mid-February 1997, whose purpose

864-535: The campaign, namely the forced withdrawal of German forces from the Gustav Line , and did not curtail the flow of supplies but the air interdiction seriously complicated the German conduct of defensive operations and played a major role in the success of the subsequent Allied ground assault Operation Diadem . Operation Strangle was a sustained interdiction attack on North Korea's supplies and communications by

900-609: The country in five main functions, which are: sea safety, sea control, sea transit and MIOs . Decree 1874 of August 2, 1979 signed by the President of the Republic of Colombia, created the Coast Guard dependent on the National Navy, with functions within marine waters jurisdictions. Since then, the Coast Guard, which depends on the National Navy, has a Command, a Maritime Safety Department and an Administrative Department. It also has 13 units afloat, manned by 171 men, operating in

936-474: The defense of the country and the maintenance of public order. Drug trafficking was a challenge to the State by breaking laws and questioning its existence, as the money generated by illegal trade financed terrorist actions while encouraging the smuggling of arms, ammunition and explosives. In view of the difficult situation, the Colombian government issued Presidential Directive No. 05 of 28 December 1991,

972-505: The enemy air force and means of production to a destruction of the railway routes to the intended landing areas. Once the landings were underway, the Allied tactical and strategic air forces were used to prevent the German strategic armoured reserves from being brought up to the coast and reinforce the divisions there. Operation Strangle was a series of air interdiction operations during the Italian Campaign of World War II by

1008-456: The enemy. Deep air support or air interdiction is carried out further from the active fighting, based more on strategic planning and less directly coordinated with ground units. Despite being more strategic than close air support, air interdiction should not be confused with strategic bombing , which is unrelated to ground operations. Air interdiction can cause the physical destruction or attrition of soldiers and matériel before they can reach

1044-447: The factors that accompany the creation and activation of the Coast Guard. The strengthening of a Naval Force is also understood in relation to the idea already mentioned. Furthermore, it is clear that for the development and maintenance of all this infrastructure, it was necessary to provide tools, that is, ships with larger and smaller units, airplanes for naval surveillance, and of course, the human component for their use. Similarly,

1080-405: The initiative to guard maritime traffic, since it depends to a great extent on the impulse of a transnational economic opening suggested as a model for world economic development. The idea of defending an International Maritime Law, already raised in the many world congresses organized by the economic powers in the 1990s, as well as strengthening the operational capacity of maritime traffic, are among

1116-402: The interest in guarding national maritime spaces: exclusive economic zone, continental platform, territorial sea; certainly originates the need to reinforce and consolidate in our geography a notion of conscience, which in concrete terms corresponds to a national maritime extension of 880,376 Km2 and which needs to be guarded since it means for the country a source of resources. On the other hand,

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1152-409: The sea. The general functions of the Coast Guard stations are to develop and carry out inspection programs for vessels and boats in general, to carry out search and rescue operations, and to conduct operations against illegal activities. Although the creation of the Coast Guard must fulfill specific functions in the national and international environment, by the time it is created it also responds to

1188-401: The search for consolidating a Naval Power, whose objective is the protection of maritime interests, as well as a Maritime Power, which consists in the consolidation of the use of the maritime space; are two key elements that the Colombian State has to support in order to protect its maritime sovereignty. For the fulfillment of such objectives, the patrolling of the corresponding maritime spaces

1224-489: The strengthening of the National Navy and the Aerospace Force was deemed necessary, which would consequently lead to the organization and activation of the Coast Guard. It is clear, then, that the issue of drug trafficking would determine the staging of the Coast Guard, setting this body and the National Navy the course they should take: closing spaces to drug trafficking and exercising total control and dominion over

1260-557: Was the USS Asheville (SSN-758) , in March and April 2000. This naval article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Air interdiction Air interdiction ( AI ), also known as deep air support ( DAS ), is the use of preventive tactical bombing and strafing by combat aircraft against enemy targets that are not an immediate threat, to delay, disrupt or hinder later enemy engagement of friendly forces. It

1296-786: Was the codename of a U.S. Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 air interdiction campaign conducted against North Vietnam from 9 May to 23 October 1972, during the Vietnam War . Both the Iranian Air Force (IIAF) and the Iraqi Air Force (IQAF) made concerted efforts during the early days of the Iran-Iraq War to interdict the other side. For both sides this largely amounted to engaging in armed reconnaissance and attacking targets of opportunity, with few attacks on pre-planned targets. The IIAF did have

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