Colombian Spanish ( Spanish : español colombiano ) is a grouping of the varieties of Spanish spoken in Colombia . The term is of more geographical than linguistic relevance, since the dialects spoken in the various regions of Colombia are quite diverse. The speech of the northern coastal area tends to exhibit phonological innovations typical of Caribbean Spanish , while highland varieties have been historically more conservative. The Caro and Cuervo Institute in Bogotá is the main institution in Colombia to promote the scholarly study of the language and literature of both Colombia and the rest of Spanish America. The educated speech of Bogotá, a generally conservative variety of Spanish, has high popular prestige among Spanish-speakers throughout the Americas.
34-457: The Colombian Academy of Language ( Academia Colombiana de la Lengua ) is the oldest Spanish language academy after Spain's Royal Spanish Academy ; it was founded in 1871. Although it is subject to debate by academics, some critics argue that El desierto prodigioso y prodigio del desierto , written in the New Kingdom of Granada during the 1600s by Pedro de Solís y Valenzuela , is
68-664: A Black Colombian ethnic group from the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina , off Colombia's Caribbean coast . They are not defined by race but are labeled by the Colombian authorities as one of the Afro-Colombian ethnic groups under the multicultural policy pursued since 1991. They are speakers of the San Andrés-Providencia Creole , one of many English Creoles used in
102-487: A more moderate one, Comunidad Raizal (Native Foundation and Integración Básica) led by former governors who are friends of the Colombian establishment, mainly Felix Palacios, Carlos Archbold and Alvaro Archbold N. The latter group is understandably more ready to participate in bipartite institutions set up by the Colombian authorities. On April 28, 2002, the Raizal people signed a declaration of self-determination and asked
136-410: A vowel-initial word, is usually realized as a tap, an approximant, or the lateral [l] , as in amo [ɾ~ ɹ ~ l] eterno ("eternal love"). If it is followed by a consonant or a pause, it may be realized as any of those sounds or as a trill or elided, as in amo [r ~ ɾ ~ ɹ ~ l ~ ∅] paterno ("paternal love"). That phonetic characteristic is not exclusive to Colombians, whose ancestry is traced back to
170-598: Is a member of the Association of Spanish Language Academies . The academy is the oldest of all the Latin American Spanish language academies, the first official academy founded outside Spain. It was founded in 1871 by a group of writers and philology specialists, including Jose Maria Vergara y Vergara , Manuel María Mallarino ; Rufino José Cuervo , the father of Hispanic-American philology; and Miguel Antonio Caro . Its first headquarters occupied
204-604: Is a strong African influence in this dialect, owing to a large population of Afro-descendants in the region. This dialect extends beyond the Department of Chocó throughout the Pacific coast and is said to reflect African influence in terms of intonation and rhythm . Characteristically, syllable-final /s/ is frequently either debuccalized and pronounced as [h] or omitted, as in the Caribbean dialect (see above). Like
238-594: Is a strong use of ustedeo in both informal and formal contexts. The Valluno dialect, or español vallecaucano , is spoken in the valley of the Cauca River between the Western and Central cordilleras . In Cali, the capital of Valle del Cauca , there is strong use of voseo (the use of the pronoun vos instead of other dialects, which use tú ), with its characteristic verb forms. The Valluno dialect has many words and phrases not used outside of
272-651: Is marked by a mixture of Caribbean Spanish with some features of English . Syllable-final /r/ can be realized, in addition to the flap [ɾ] , the trill [r] , and the lateral [l], as the alveolar approximant [ ɹ ] , the last being thought to be an influence of British English . Thus, verso ("verse") becomes [ˈbeɹso] (alongside [ˈbeɾso] , [ˈberso] , or [ˈbelso] ); invierno ("winter") becomes [imˈbjeɹno] (alongside [imˈbjeɾno] , [imˈbjerno] , or [imˈbjelno] ), and escarlata ("scarlet") becomes [ehkaɹˈlata] (alongside [ehkaɾˈlata] , [ehkarˈlata] , or [ehkaˈlata] ). Word-final /r/ , when followed by
306-772: Is no difference in informal speech. Slang speech is frequent in popular culture. In the Paisa Region and Medellín, the local slang is named "Parlache." Many slang expressions have spread outside their original areas and are now commonly understood throughout the country. Many of the words have been popularized by the Colombian media, such as Alonso Salazar's book, No nacimos pa' semilla , Victor Gaviria 's movie Rodrigo D: No Future , or Andrés López Forero 's monologue La pelota de letras ("The Lettered Ball") as well as many other cultural expressions, including telenovelas , magazines, news coverage, jokes, etc.. Some slang terms, with their literal translations and meanings, include
340-578: Is someone who dances or parties all night long. Andrés Caicedo was the main writer to depict the vernacular usage of language accurately. Academia Colombiana de la Lengua The Academia Colombiana de la Lengua (Spanish for Colombian Academy of Language ) is an association of academics and experts on the use of the Spanish language in Colombia . It is based in Bogotá , Colombia's capital, and
374-529: Is spoken in the Colombian coffee production areas, such as Antioquia , Quindío , Risaralda , Caldas , and the northernmost parts of Tolima and Valle del Cauca . Paisa Spanish has an apicoalveolar [ s̺ ] , between [ s ] and [ ʃ ] , as in northern and central Spain. Paisa Spanish, a " voseante " dialect, often uses vos , rather than tú , for the familiar singular "you" pronoun. The role of that voseo usage in forming
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#1732793193543408-530: Is typically aspirated [h] like Caribbean and Pacific dialects, even /s/ before vowels is aspirated. The Opita dialect is spoken mostly in the departments of Tolima and Huila , mostly in the central and southern parts of the Magdalena River Valley . It is said to show strong influence of indigenous languages and is noted for its slow tempo and unique intonation. As in most of the Americas,
442-538: The Caribbean . In 2005, the Raizal were 57% of the 60,000 inhabitants of the San Andrés y Providencia Department , according to official statistics, but based on the 2015 census, they are now only 39.4% of the population in the archipelago because of migration from and to mainland Colombia. Raizals are mostly multi-racial, with a majority being of West African and Northern European descent. The Raizal community in
476-489: The archipelago . The first separatists, an underground movement, were led by Marcos Archbold Britton, who addressed a memorandum to the United Nations asking for the inclusion of the archipelago in the list of colonized territories. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) paid a private visit to the archipelago shortly afterwards, arousing suspicion in mainland Colombia. The second movement, which started in
510-580: The "ll"/"y" distinction (the dialect has no yeísmo ), and in some areas, the r is pronounced as a voiced apical sibilant . Contrary to the usual tendency in Spanish to weaken or relax the sounds /b/ , /d/ , and /ɡ/ between vowels, Pastuso-speakers tend to tense those sounds with more emphasis than in other dialects. Santanderean is spoken mostly in the northeastern part of the country in Santander and Norte de Santander Departments. There
544-512: The Caribbean dialect, word-final /n/ is realized as velar [ŋ] , /d/ is replaced by /r/ in some words, and syllable-final /l/ and /r/ are often merged, as in Caribbean Spanish . This dialect is also spoken by Afro-Colombians living inland in the departments of Cauca and Valle del Cauca . The Cundiboyacense dialect is spoken mainly in the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá ( Cundiboyacense High Plateau ). It uses
578-517: The Colombian government on linguistic matters. Its current and former members include Manuel María Mallarino , Germán Arciniegas , Jaime Sanín Echeverri, Diego Uribe Vargas, Otto Morales Benítez, Juan Gustavo Cobo Borda , Maruja Vieira, Marco Fidel Suárez , and Fernando Hinestrosa Forero. Its current director is Juan Carlos Vergara. The academy has two dozen members, as well as several honorary members, including Diego Uribe Vargas, Dora Castellanos, and Carlos Rodado Noriega . The academy's library
612-567: The Spanish period before the British invasion, under British territorial rule, and the recovery of Spanish control. It is also used by Raizals , by whites of British descent, and by descendants of mainland Colombians. The dialect of native Spanish-speakers in the area is closer to the Nicaraguan dialect of the Caribbean coast , reflecting the geographical location of the archipelago, off the coast of Nicaragua. Similar to Chocano and Isleño, there
646-687: The creation of an independent state. There are now, according to a document from the Colombian government, two trends among the Raizals: a radical one, the Pueblo Indígena Raizal , represented by the Indigenous Native Organizations , among whom Amen, Barraca New Face, Infaunas (a Rastafarian -inspired group of farmers and fishermen), Ketna (Ketlënan National Association) and the SOS Foundation, and
680-413: The dialect has yeísmo and seseo . The dialect is traditionally characterised by the use of the second-person pronoun usted (or vusted in some rural areas) in formal circumstances but also in familiar ones (in which most other dialects would use tú , see " ustedeo " above). However, tú is gaining ground with young people. The use of voseo is rare. The Paisa dialect
714-467: The distinct Paisa linguistic identity was reinforced by its use in the works of several Paisa writers, including Tomás Carrasquilla , Fernando González Ochoa , Manuel Mejía Vallejo , Fernando Vallejo , and Gonzalo Arango . The Pastuso dialect is spoken in the southwest ll of the country. One feature is apicoalveolar [s̺] , between [ s ] and [ ʃ ] , as in northern and central Spain. However, unlike Paisa, speakers typically conserve
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#1732793193543748-467: The expression sumercé or su merced (literally "your grace") often as a formal second-person singular pronoun. The pronoun usted is used when two people speak in an informal situation. Tuteo (the use of the pronoun tú ) is usual in conversation between a man and woman of similar ages. Occasionally, the pronoun usted may be used briefly in extremely-informal speech between couples or family members or to reprehend someone, depending on
782-401: The features typical of general Caribbean Spanish and is phonologically similar to Andalusian Spanish . Word-final /n/ is realized as velar [ŋ] . Syllable-final /s/ is typically pronounced [h] and sk costa ("coast") is pronounced [ˈkohta] and rosales ("roses") becomes [roˈsaleh] . The most notable and distinguishable varieties of Atlantic Colombian accents are Samario (considered
816-542: The first modern novel of the Spanish America. As most other Spanish dialects, standard Colombian Spanish has five vowels: two high vowels ( / i , u / ), two mid vowels ( / e , o / ) and one open vowel ( / a / ). Colombian Spanish, like most other Spanish varieties, tends to resolve vowels in hiatus as diphthongs . There is regional differentiation as, in formal speech, Caribbean speakers are more likely to diphthongize than those from inland areas. However, there
850-468: The following: John M. Lipski groups Colombian dialects phonologically into four major zones. Canfield refers to five major linguistic regions. Flórez proposes seven dialectal zones, based on phonetic and lexical criteria. Still others recognize eleven dialect areas, as listed below. The Caribbean or Coastal ( costeño ) dialect is spoken in the Caribbean Region of Colombia . It shares many of
884-536: The formal second-person pronoun sumercé . This dialect is the basis of standard Spanish of Colombia. Llanero covers a vast area of the country with a low population density . It is spoken in the eastern plains of the country from the Cordillera Oriental (the eastern mountain range of the Andes ). It has a characteristic influence of inland Colombian settlers, the difference is that syllable-final /s/
918-747: The late 1970s, grew stronger in the following decade, and culminated in the creation in March 1984 of the Sons of the Soil Movement (S.O.S.), openly claiming the right to self-determination . Since 1999, another organization, the Archipelago Movement for Ethnic Native Self-Determination for the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providence and Santa Catalina (AMEN-SD), a radical separatist movement led by Rev. Raymond Howard Britton, has demanded
952-609: The mainland is represented by the Organización de la comunidad raizal con residencia fuera del archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina (Orfa, based in Bogotá ). In 1903, the local Raizal population of the Providencia and Santa Catalina Islands rejected an offer from the United States to separate from Colombia and to imitate Panama . Towards the late 1960s, separatist movements became active in
986-529: The most articulated Atlantic Colombian accent and rhotic), Barranquillero (mostly rhotic), Cartagena (mostly non-rhotic and fast-spoken) and Montería (Sinú Valley Accent, strictly non-rhotic, plosive and very marked wording like Received Pronunciation in British English). This is the dialect spoken on the islands of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina in Colombia's Caribbean Region . It
1020-433: The region. People commonly greet one another with the phrase " ¿Q'hubo vé, bien o qué? ". Also, it is common to be asked " ¿Sí o no? " when assessing agreement to rhetorical statements. Thong sandals are referred to as chanclas , and plastic bags ( bolsas elsewhere) are called chuspas . As in other areas, a chocha is another crude word for "vagina", and chucha refers to an opossum . A pachanguero
1054-462: The site of the house of Caro, a founder and ex-president of the group. It was constructed between 1916 and 1918, designed by Carlos Camargo Quiñones with the support of Pietro Cantini. The building was demolished to make way for the intersection of 19th Street with 7th Avenue, as was the nearby Church of the Conception. The academy's current site, at the intersection of 3rd Avenue and 18th Street,
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1088-507: The tone of voice. "Rolo" (a name for the dialect of Bogotá ) is also called cachaco . It is an area of strong ustedeo , the familiar use of the pronoun usted . The dialect follows many patterns similar to those of the Cundiboyacense dialect (preservation of syllable-final [s] , preservation of /d/ in the -ado ending, preservation of the ll/y contrast (i.e., no yeísmo ), etc.), but it has only marginal use of
1122-539: Was constructed in the late 1950s. The neoclassical-style building was designed by the Spanish architect Alfredo Rodríguez Ordaz. In 1960, the Colombian academy hosted the third Congress of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, in which the Bogotá Agreement was presented and signed. The new Rodríguez Orgaz building was inaugurated on that occasion. Since 1960, the institution has officially advised
1156-418: Was organized by the academic Manuel José Forero. It is divided into collections based on the donor who contributed the materials or to whom they originally belonged. This article about a linguistics organization is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about an organisation in Colombia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Raizal The Raizal are
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