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62-708: In 1817 Deputy Inspector General of Hospitals Charles Farell recommended to the British Governor Robert Brownrigg that a hospital for the poor be established. Thus Colombo's first modern hospital was established in 1819 at Prince Street in Pettah . The hospital had 100 beds but demand was so high the hospital became overcrowded and a decision was taken to build a news hospital at a 32-acre cinnamon land in Longden Place. Governor Henry George Ward 's administration set aside £3,000 to establish

124-563: A pardon . The president has immunity from both civil and criminal proceedings. The president has the power to commission public inquires by appointing a Presidential Commission of Inquiry to investigate any issue. President of Sri Lanka is the nation's Chief Diplomat. Through this role, they are responsible for carrying out negotiations with foreign leaders and their governments and appoint diplomatic agents . The president has an important ceremonial role in terms of state ceremonies, functions, and awarding state awards. Most notable would be

186-518: A second term.” But "A person succeeding to the office of the President under the provisions of article 40 of the constitution shall not be entitled to exercise the right conferred above." Succession to or vacancies in the office of president may arise under several possible circumstances: death or incapacity, resignation, or removal from office. In the case when the president is unable to perform their duties, their powers are temporarily transferred to

248-667: Is eligible to serve two terms. According to the Article 31 (3A) of the Constitution, The Term of office starts from the Date of the Inauguration of the President and he can call an early Presidential election after expiration of 4 years of his first term. If the elected President did not call can early Presidential election, the next Presidential election shall take place not more than two months and not less than one month before

310-450: Is ranked at the level of a cabinet minister in the order of precedence . Apart from a bar of standing for election for a third term as President, a former President has no restriction from holding any other office. While most Presidents retired from public life after their tenure, Mahinda Rajapaksa continued to engage in active politics after his term in office, serving as a Member of Parliament for Kurunegala from 2015 to 2024, Leader of

372-612: Is the head of state and head of government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka . The president is the chief executive of the union government and the commander-in-chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces . The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, in addition to their relation with the Prime minister and Government of Sri Lanka , have over time differed with

434-539: The University of Ceylon was established in 1942, the General Hospital was chosen to be its teaching hospital. Paying wards such as Matapan Ward were established in 1943. 1952 saw the building of hospital kitchens and the first cardiothoracic unit. The hospital's first open-heart surgery took place in 1955. An electrocardiography (ECG) unit was opened on 1 November 1955. The College of Physiotherapy and

496-566: The Westminster system with a more semi-presidential system . The presidency became an executive post based closely on the French model , and was now both head of state and head of government, with a longer term and independent from Parliament . The president was the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, head of the cabinet of ministers, and has the power to dissolve and call a parliament. The prime minister would serve as both an assistant and

558-464: The presidential yacht . President's Security Division (PSD) is the main unit charged with the close protection of the President of Sri Lanka. During President Mahinda Rajapakse 's time in office the specialized Army unit the ' President's Guard ' was formed for Presidential Security. Prior to the formation of the President's Guard, army personnel served as a squadron under the President's Security Division since 1996 and focused on key tasks including

620-466: The prime minister until confirmed by Parliament. According to the Article 40 of the Constitution of Sri Lanka , "If the office of President shall become vacant prior to the expiration of his term of office, Parliament shall elect as President one of its Members who is qualified to be elected to the office of President. Any person so succeeding to the office of President shall hold office only for

682-608: The prime minister , cabinet and non-cabinet ministers , provincial governors , public officers , ambassadors and commissioned officers of the armed forces. The president may also appoint secretaries, officers, and staff. The president would have the power to appoint and remove, the chief justice , justices of the Supreme Court , justices of the Court of Appeal and judges of the High Court . The president may grant

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744-528: The radiology unit was established in the administration building in 1926. The Marque Memorial Ward was established in 1938 for the Catholic nun nurses whilst the Coudert Memorial Ward was established in 1941 for Christian clergymen. The Khan Memorial Ward (Ward No. 51) was established in 1939 to treat paediatric orthopaedic patients. Colombo College of Nursing was founded on 9 May 1939. When

806-612: The resignation of President Rajapaksa . In both times, they were succeeded by then Prime Ministers; D. B. Wijetunga in 1993 and Ranil Wickremesinghe in 2022. At the time of the Creation of office in 1972, the term of the office of the President was a term of six years. After the Introduction of the Executive Presidency in 1978, The President is elected by Popular vote and shall hold the office for 6 years and

868-463: The secretary to the president (also known as the president's secretary ), who is the most senior civil servant in the country. The president has the ability to appoint any number of advisers as presidential advisers . The highest-ranking of which is known as senior advisers . During his tenure, President Mahinda Rajapaksa had appointed 38 advisers. The chief of staff is the highest-ranking officer that handles presidential staff.Currently

930-550: The Ceylon Independence Act of 1947 and The Ceylon (Constitution and Independence) Orders in Council 1947, Ceylon (as Sri Lanka was known then) became a constitutional monarchy with a Westminster parliamentary form of government. The monarch of Ceylon served as the head of state , represented by the governor-general with the prime minister serving as the head of government . The governor-general replaced

992-475: The General Hospital, with 85% of the funding coming from Finns. Numerous projects were carried out as a result of the agreement including the complete refurbishment of the accident, emergency, orthopaedic and trauma units, the establishment of the training unit and laundry, and the building of a new mortuary. The Renal Transplant Unit was opened on 6 May 1987. A new accident ward was opened by President Ranasinghe Premadasa on 15 March 1991. The Medical Ward Complex

1054-527: The Governor-General as the representative of the sovereign. The governor was the commander-in-chief of British Forces in Ceylon, except only during World War II, when Admiral Sir Geoffrey Layton was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Ceylon with power exceeding that of the governor. In November each year, the governor would receive the annual tribute from the sultan of Maldives . The governor

1116-588: The Kynsey Road site. Governor William Manning opened Merchant Ward (currently Ward No. 15) in October 1918. The Skinner Memorial Ward was established and adjoining it the Gnanasekaram Ward was built in 1924. These two wards are currently known as Ward No. 16. Physiotherapy and rheumatology units were added in the 1920s A private home on Ward Place was converted into a dental clinic in 1925 and

1178-418: The President can dismiss both the national and state governments from power in 3 situations: corruption, treason, and inability to govern. The president has the right to attend Parliament once in every three months, but is not entitled to vote. They have the right to address or send messages to Parliament and to summon, prorogue and dissolve Parliament. The president makes numerous appointments which include

1240-474: The Private Secretary to the President. A window of a former president is entitled to a monthly secretarial allowance, equal to the current salary of the Private Secretary to a cabinet minister . A former president and the widow of a former president are entitled to official transport and all such other facilities provided to a cabinet minister. A former President or the widow of a former president

1302-499: The School of Radiology, both affiliated with the General Hospital, were founded in 1957. The Bandaranaike Building (administration and surgery) was opened on 2 February 1958 by Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike . Eye care moved to the newly created Eye Hospital in 1965 and on 1 January 1967 an accident ward was opened in the vacated Victoria Memorial Building by Prime Minister Dudley Senanayake . Ceylon's first intensive care unit

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1364-541: The administrative functions of the presidency and other ministerial portfolios that are held by the president. Initially located at President's House , the staff of the office of the president grew with the establishment of the executive presidency and moved into the former Parliament building in Colombo in the 1980s which now hosts the Presidential Secretariat. The Presidential Secretariat is headed by

1426-772: The colonies . it was in the Colebrooke Reforms which first defined the role of the governor as "the representative of the Sovereign the Monarch who rules over the Parliament of the United Kingdom". These reforms introduced the first legislator which was expanded over the next century in the reforms that took place. Upon independence in 1948, the office of the Governor was abolished and replaced with that of

1488-534: The consolidated fund. It was increased from LKR 25,000 (≈ $ 500) to LKR 100,000 in 2006. By tradition, the president and past presidents are not subjected to income tax . This practice dates back to the pre-republic era when the crown was not subject to tax . In 2018, this practice was changed with the Inland Revenue Bill which removed the tax exemption given to the President. The president has immunity from both civil or criminal proceedings, during

1550-422: The country caved into a severe economic crisis , and as result, mass anti-government protests erupted across Sri Lanka. The protesters demanded for then-incumbent president Gotabaya Rajapaksa and his government step down. The protestors also demanded amendments to the Constitution of Sri Lanka and to reduce the powers of the President. After Gotabaya Rajapaksa's resignation, prime minister Ranil Wickremesinghe

1612-476: The country or any part under a state of emergency , under which they can override any law passed and promulgate any regulation without needing legislative approval. However, to prolong the state of emergency for more than 6 months, parliamentary approval is needed. In case of external invasion, a state of national defense can be proclaimed, which allows the government extraordinary powers. Martial law can be declared in provinces under extraordinary conditions. Further,

1674-426: The date of taking a public oath of office for the elected term. The President of Sri Lanka is elected through a system of limited ranked voting . Voters can express up to three ranked preferences for the presidency. If no candidate receives more than 50% of all valid votes in the first count, all candidates except the two who received the highest number of votes are eliminated. The second and third preference votes of

1736-404: The deputy to the president and also the president's successor. The 17th Constitutional Amendment introduced in 2001 reduced certain powers of the president, in particular in regard to the appointment of the upper judiciary and independent commissions such as the election commission or the bribery and corruption commission. In 2010, the highly controversial 18th Amendment to the constitution

1798-485: The eliminated candidates are then redistributed to the remaining two candidates until one of them secures an outright majority. Article 31 (3A)(a)(i) of the Constitution of Sri Lanka, states that, the "President may, at any time after the expiration of four years from the commencement of his first term of office, by Proclamation, declare his intention of appealing to the People for a mandate to hold office, by election, for

1860-479: The elite Special Task Force (STF) of the Sri Lanka Police . After the oath of office has been taken by the elected president, a presidential flag was adopted by the president as the insignia of their office. Each president had a unique standard, incorporating traditional symbols associated with the president or their home region. This was the case until Acting President Ranil Wickremesinghe abolished

1922-510: The expiration of the term of the incumbent President. 19th Amendment to the Constitution reduced the term of office to Five years and the Incumbent President can call an early Presidential election after the expiration of four years of his first term. Furthermore, Article 31 (3A) of the Constitution states that an any person succeeding to the office of President under the provisions of Article 40 shall not be entitled to exercise

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1984-427: The first in the country to employ female nurses with the arrival of an English nurse in 1878. The hospital found it difficult to recruit nurses locally so the hospital authorities requested the help of Catholic nuns who served in the hospital from 1886 to 1964. The hospital had 22 wards and 212 beds, 112 for the medical unit and 100 for the surgical unit, in 1885. By 1894 hospital had 24 wards and 280 beds. Longden Place

2046-433: The government of Sri Lanka. The president would receive letter of credence from foreign ambassadors. The president may appoint provincial governors to head the provincial council and serve as their representative in the province. The president may also appoint any number of advisers as presidential advisers and coordinate secretaries to assist them. The president has the power to appoint senior attorneys-at-law to

2108-502: The governor, Queen's Cottage , was located in the hill station of Nuwara Eliya . The Governor's Bodyguard was a mounted guard that functioned as a ceremonial guard for the governor when attending state functions. An ceremonial native regiment of Lascoreens was maintained by the office of the governor to provide a ceremonial guard on special occasions such as the Maldivian Tribute or royal visits. The governor's office

2170-540: The hospital. The new 200 bed General Hospital opened in 1864. The hospital had 21 wards in 1864. When the Colombo Medical School was established in 1870 it was based at the hospital's female surgical ward. In 1875 Mudaliyar Samson Rajapakse gifted three and a half acres of land on which Colombo Medical School's successor, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo , stands today. The hospital became

2232-544: The individual. A widow of a former president would receive a monthly pension which the former president was entitled to drawn from the Consolidated Fund. As per the Presidents’ Entitlements Act No. 4 of 1986 , a former president or the widow of a former president is entitled to an official residence. A former president is entitled to a monthly secretarial allowance equal to the current salary of

2294-476: The key provisions in 21st Amendment is disqualifying dual-citizens from contesting in elections in Sri Lanka . The article 31 Constitution of Sri Lanka sets the following qualifications for holding the presidency: The president is elected to office in a presidential election held nationwide for a five-year term. An elected president can serve for a maximum of two terms, with each term taking effect from

2356-457: The perimeter security of the presidential residence, Temple Trees . 5th Regiment Sri Lanka Armored Corps was the first army unit chosen to be in the dedicated security of the president of Sri Lanka during the presidency of Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga . However, in April 2015, President Maithripala Sirisena dissolved the President's Guard. Currently the president's security is provided by

2418-529: The position is vacant after Dissanayake took office in 2024. The president may appoint any number of coordinating secretaries to assist him/her. The president is the chair of the Board of Governors of the President's Fund which was established under the President's Fund Act No. 7 of 1978 to provide funds for relief of poverty, access to special healthcare, advancement of education or knowledge, advancement of

2480-406: The position of President's Counsel . The president may appoint officers from the armed forces to serve as their aide-de-camp as well as extra-aide-de-camp. Additionally, the president may appoint medical officers of the armed forces as Honorary Physician to the President and Honorary Surgeon to the President. The president receives a monthly salary (as of 2016) of LKR 100,000 (≈ $ 1,000) paid from

2542-472: The position of the Governor of British Ceylon , who had previously exercised executive control over the entire island since 1815. In 1972, the new Republican Constitution declared Sri Lanka a parliamentary republic with a president as head of state. The president was a largely ceremonial figure; real power remained vested in the prime minister. In 1978, the second amendment to the Constitution replaced

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2604-538: The position was "Governor of Ceylon" and was styled Excellency and enjoyed precedence over all other government officials in Ceylon. He was referred to as 'His Excellency' and addressed as 'Your Excellency'. This practice as constituted to the office of President. The governor's main residence and office was the King's House in Colombo and secondary residence was the King's Pavilion in Kandy . The vacationing residence of

2666-675: The president uses the presidential state car , which is an armored black Mercedes-Benz S-Class (S600) Pullman Guard. For Domestic air travel, helicopters from the No. 4 (VVIP/VIP) Helicopter Squadron of the Sri Lanka Air Force are used. For foreign travel, Special or Regular Flights of the Sri Lankan Airlines are used. During ceremonial occasions, ships and boats of the Sri Lanka Navy have been commissioned as

2728-467: The presidential flag. The 'Attaché Case', Presidential Dispatch Bag carries important and secret documents wherever president is traveling. This was specifically designed by Sri Lanka Army . President will hand over the Dispatch Bag from one President to the next in line. The Presidential Secretariat is the government ministry that functions as the office and staff of the president, supporting

2790-458: The religion and culture, providing awards to persons who have served the nation and for any other purposes beneficial or of interest to the public. It is administered by the Presidential Secretariat. Under the Constitution of Sri Lanka, a former president will be granted a pension equal to the last pay drawn while in office drawn from the Consolidated Fund. This pension would be in addition to any other pension to which any prior service will entitle

2852-423: The right to call an early Presidential election and will hold the office till expiration of the term of his Predecessor. Duties of the president as described in the constitution are to: Presidents have little constraints on their power. The president shall be responsible to Parliament and can be impeached and removed by a two-thirds majority in Parliament. The president may declare war and peace. They can place

2914-517: The tenure of office and acts carried out during this period. The official residence of the president in Colombo is the President's House (formerly the Queen's House as the residence of the governor-general). The government pays for meals and staff. Other presidential residences include: In recent years from time to time Prime Minister's House , commonly referred to as Temple Trees , which has been

2976-493: The traditional throne speech delivered by the president to the parliament outlining the official policy statement of the new government to the parliament. The president would lead the independence day celebrations as well as other national ceremonies such as remembrance day , Wap Magul (ceremonial ploughing) and receive the Perahera Sandeshaya . National honours would be awarded by the president on behalf of

3038-464: The traditional residence of the prime minister since 1948, has been used by some presidents such as Kumaratunga and Mahinda Rajapaksa . Other presidents, such as Jayewardene and Sirisena , have refused to use the President's House, with the former preferring to stay at his personal residence in Braemar , and the latter at his former ministerial residence at Wijayarama Mawatha. For ground travel,

3100-545: The unexpired period of the term of office of the President vacating office. Until the election of a successor, the powers and functions of the office of the President will discharged by the Prime Minister in his capacity as Acting president ." Throughout the history, Office of the President has fallen vacant two times; first in 1993, after the Assassination of then President Premadasa and again in 2022, after

3162-621: The various constitutional documents since the creation of the office. The president appoints the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka who can command the confidence of the Parliament of Sri Lanka . Anura Kumara Dissanayake is the 10th and current president, having assumed office on 23 September 2024, after being declared the winner of the 2024 presidential election . Under the Soulbury Constitution which consisted of

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3224-440: Was elected president by the parliament. In October 2022, the 21st Constitutional Amendment was introduced as plan to empower the parliament over the executive president and curbs some of the powers of the president. Under the 21st Amendment, the President, Cabinet of Ministers and National Council are all held accountable to the parliament. Fifteen Committees and Oversight Committees are also accountable to parliament. One of

3286-423: Was defeated by Maithripala Sirisena . The 19th Constitutional Amendment undid much of the changes done by the 18th Amendment. The two-term limit was restored by president Maithripala Sirisena. The amendment required the president to consult the prime minister on ministerial appointments. It curtailed any president's immunity by making them liable to fundamental rights litigation on any official act. In 2022,

3348-401: Was housed at King's House and had a permanent staff. It consisted of the secretary to the governor , a private secretary , an aide-de-camp , the maha mudaliyar , an office assistant and support staff. President of Sri Lanka [REDACTED] The president of Sri Lanka ( Sinhala : ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනාධිපති Śrī Lankā Janādhipathi ; Tamil : இலங்கை ஜனாதிபதி Ilankai janātipati )

3410-413: Was introduced in order to remove the two-term limit for the presidency. The 18th amendment allowed the incumbent president to serve multiple terms as well as increase their power by replacing the broader constitutional council with a limited parliamentary council . This amendment was introduced by president Mahinda Rajapaksa and he later went on to run for a third term of presidency in 2015 , wherein he

3472-511: Was named Kynsey Road in 1900. The Victoria Memorial Building (eye ward) and the White House (administration building) were opened in 1903 and 1904 respectively. The first out patient department was founded in 1910 (now it is the main x-ray unit). Overcrowding at the hospital resulted in an annex being opened at Ragama for elderly and chronically-ill patients but a cholera outbreak in 1912 resulted in these patients being transferred back to

3534-553: Was opened by President Chandrika Kumaratunga on 1 February 1995. On 31 January 1996 the hospital had to treat 1,200 victims of the Colombo Central Bank bombing . The Neurotrauma Unit, funded by the Saudi Arabian government, was opened by President Mahinda Rajapaksa on 31 March 2011. Rajapaksa opened the third Medical Ward Complex on 19 April 2013. Governors of British Ceylon The governor of Ceylon

3596-642: Was opened in the Surgical Complex by Minister of Health E. L. Senanayake on 16 June 1968. A mental health ward (Ward No. 59) was founded in the late 1960s. Plastic surgery was introduced in 1970 in Ward No. 4. The Coronary Care Unit was opened in 1973. The Burn Unit started on 28 October 1974 in Lady de Soysa Ward. In 1979 the Sri Lankan and Finnish governments entered into an agreement to renovate

3658-570: Was replaced by the Governor-General , who represented the British monarch as the head of state. The office of Governor-General was itself abolished in 1972 and replaced by the post of President when Sri Lanka became a republic . The governor, appointed by the British monarch (on the advice of the prime minister and the secretary of state for the colonies ), maintained executive power in Ceylon throughout British rule. The governor

3720-816: Was the ex-officio Chancellor of the University of Ceylon and patron of the Royal College Colombo . Following the Colebrooke Reforms the Executive Council of Ceylon and the Legislative Council of Ceylon was established with the Governor chairing both these councils. In 1931, the Legislative Council was replaced by the State Council of Ceylon with limited self-government. The title of

3782-581: Was the head of the executive administration in the island. Initially limited to the coastal regions, the authority of the governor was extended to the provinces of the Kingdom of Kandy following the Kandyan Convention in 1815. The governor had absolute power in the island deriving it from the traditional powers of the Dutch governors and the king of Kandy and reporting to the secretary of state for

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3844-732: Was the representative in Ceylon of the British Crown from 1795 to 1948. In this capacity, the governor was president of the Executive Council and Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces in Ceylon . The governor was the head of the British colonial administration in Ceylon, reporting to the Colonial Office . With Ceylon gaining self-rule and dominion status with the creation of Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, this office

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