Misplaced Pages

#678321

53-401: The agency was founded on 1 April 1960. That month, Pearce left the agency Colman Prentis Varley and with Dickenson bought Pictorial Publicity, an existing agency owned by John Collett. Their first account wins were Ford and Birds Eye CDP emerged from the " Swinging London " cultural shifts of the 1960s as Britain's most glamorous and influential advertising agency , generally regarded as one of

106-507: A "metamorphosis from a gloomy, grimy post-war capital into a bright, shining epicentre of style ". The phenomenon has been agreed to have been caused by the large number of young people in the city—due to the baby boom of the 1950s —and the postwar economic boom . Following the abolition of the national service for men in 1960, these young people enjoyed greater freedom and fewer responsibilities than their parents' generation, and "[fanned] changes to social and sexual politics". Shaping

159-536: A "nursery" for the careers of many who were to become internationally famous. Among those working there as young men were Frank Lowe , David Puttnam , Alan Parker , John Hegarty , Charles Saatchi , and Bob Isherwood . Sir Ridley Scott , the director of Blade Runner , Alien and Gladiator , made commercials for CDP, as did Chariots of Fire director Hugh Hudson . In the 1980s Tony Kaye started his career there as an art director, before he began directing television commercials. The creative director during

212-527: A difference in social structures and the ways that adults and teens experience social reality. This difference indicates cultural differences between adolescents and adults, which supports the presence of separate youth culture. Throughout the twentieth century, youth have had a strong influence on both lifestyle and culture. The flappers and the Mods are two examples of the impact of youth culture on society. The flappers were young women that were confident about

265-467: A label she shared with, among others, Cathy McGowan , the host of the television rock show Ready Steady Go! from 1964 to 1966. The British flag, the Union Jack , became a symbol, assisted by events such as England's home victory in the 1966 World Cup . The Jaguar E-Type sports car was a British icon of the 1960s. In late 1965, photographer David Bailey sought to define Swinging London in

318-466: A lack of hope in ones [ sic ] future". Teen culture may also have benefits for adolescents. Peer influence can have a positive effect on adolescents' well-being; for example, most teens report that peer pressure stops them from using drugs or engaging in sexual activity. Young people can make changes in society, such as through youth-led revolutions. Organizations of young people, which were often based on student identity, were crucial to

371-414: A means of finding identity when one's path in life is not always clear. Erik Erikson theorized that the vital psychological conflict of adolescence is identity versus role confusion . The goal of this stage of life is to answer the question, "Who am I?" In many societies, adolescents are expected to behave like children and take on adult roles. Some psychologists have theorized that forming youth culture

424-510: A memorable series of images placing the product's gold pack in highly contrived, surreal surroundings. No people were shown, and not a word of copy, apart from the obligatory Government health warnings. After years of dwindling fortune in the late 1980s and through the 1990s, Collett Dickenson Pearce ceased business in 2000. The company was acquired by the Dentsu group, the fifth largest global marketing communications group, which then incorporated

477-593: A prosperous future after World War I . This liveliness showed in their new attitudes in life in which they openly drank, smoked, and, in some cases, socialized with gangster-type men. The fashionable dress at the time also reflected the flapper's new lifestyle. Mods emerged during a time of war and political and social troubles, and stemmed from a group called the modernists . They were young men and women who came from all classes who believed that their fashion choices "gave them entrée everywhere" and empowered them. The Mods' style and embrace of modern technology spread from

530-585: A reflection of Swinging London. Ian MacDonald said, with the album the Stones were chronicling the phenomenon, while Philippe Margotin and Jean-Michel Guesdon called it "the soundtrack of Swinging London, a gift to hip young people". During the Swinging Sixties, fashion and photography were featured in Queen magazine, which drew attention to fashion designer Mary Quant . Mod-related fashions such as

583-449: A reflection of different morals held by younger generations. Multiple studies have found that most adolescents hold views that are similar to their parents. One study challenged the theory that adolescent cohorts had distanced themselves from their parents by finding that between 1976 and 1982, their problems increased, and they became less peer-oriented. A second study's findings that adolescents' values were more similar to their parents in

SECTION 10

#1732787376679

636-456: A series of large photographic prints. Compiled into a set titled Box of Pin-Ups , they were published on 21 November that year. His subjects included actors Michael Caine and Terence Stamp ; musicians John Lennon , Paul McCartney , Mick Jagger and five other pop stars; Brian Epstein , as one of four individuals representing music management; hairdresser Vidal Sassoon , ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev , Ad Lib club manager Brian Morris, and

689-478: A variety of other factors. There is a debate surrounding the presence, existence, and origins of youth culture. Some researchers argue that youth culture is not a separate culture, as their values and morals are not distinct from those of their parents. Additionally, peer influence varies greatly among contexts, gender, age, and social status , making a single "youth culture" difficult to define. which differ from those of their parent's culture. Janssen et al. used

742-485: Is a culture. Schwartz and Merten used adolescent language to argue that youth culture is distinct from the rest of society. Schwartz argued that high school students used their vocabulary to create meanings that are distinct to adolescents. Specifically, the adolescent status terminology (the words that adolescents use to describe hierarchical social statuses) contains qualities and attributes that are not present in adult status judgments. According to Schwartz, this reflects

795-431: Is a step to adopt an identity that reconciles these two conflicting expectations. For example, Talcott Parsons posited that adolescence is when young people transition from reliance on parents to autonomy. In this transitory state, dependence on the peer group serves as a stand-in for parents. Burlingame restated this hypothesis in 1970. He wrote that adolescents replace parents with the peer group and that this reliance on

848-974: Is debatable. More than 70 percent of American high school students report having drunk alcohol. Similarly, about two-thirds of teenagers have engaged in sexual intercourse by the time they leave high school. As drinking and having sex may be common in adolescence, many researchers include them as aspects of youth culture. While engaging in these activities can have harmful consequences, the majority of adolescents who engage in these risky behaviors do not suffer long-term consequences. The possibilities of addiction, pregnancy, incarceration, and other negative outcomes are some potentially negative effects of participation in youth culture. Research demonstrates that many factors may influence youth to engage in high-risk behaviors, including "a lack of stable role models, heightened family stresses, lowered levels of family investment, weakened emotional bonds between parents and their children, lowered levels of social capital and social control, and

901-523: Is important to acknowledge the exclusivity and the dissenting voices, it does not lessen the importance of Swinging London as a powerful moment of image making with very real material effect." The Swinging Sixties was a youth movement emphasising the new and modern. It was a period of optimism and hedonism, and a cultural revolution . One catalyst was the recovery of the British economy after post- Second World War austerity , which lasted through much of

954-481: The British Film Institute "saw a surge in formal experimentation, freedom of expression, colour, and comedy", with films that explored countercultural and satirical themes. During this period, "creative types of all kinds gravitated to the capital, from artists and writers to magazine publishers, photographers, advertisers, film-makers and product designers". During the 1960s, London underwent

1007-841: The Empire Pool (which became Wembley Arena) . This sort of music was heard in the United Kingdom on TV shows such as the BBC's Top of the Pops (where the Rolling Stones were the first band to perform with " I Wanna Be Your Man "), and ITV 's Ready Steady Go! (which would feature Manfred Mann 's " 5-4-3-2-1 " as its theme tune), on commercial radio stations such as Radio Luxembourg , Radio Caroline and Radio London , and from 1967 on BBC Radio One . The Rolling Stones' 1966 album Aftermath has been cited by music scholars as

1060-474: The Kray twins ; as well as leading figures in interior decoration, pop art , photography, fashion modelling, photographic design and creative advertising. Bailey's photographs reflected the rise of working-class artists, entertainers and entrepreneurs that characterised London during this period. Writing in his 1967 book The Young Meteors , journalist Jonathan Aitken described Box of Pin-Ups as "a Debrett of

1113-802: The Vietnam War were also student-driven. Many college campuses opposed the war with sit-ins and demonstrations. Organizations such as the Young Americans for Freedom , the Student Libertarian Movement, and the Student Peace Union were based on youth status and contributed to anti-war activities. Some scholars have claimed that the activism during the Vietnam War was symbolic of a youth culture whose values were against mainstream American culture. In

SECTION 20

#1732787376679

1166-466: The miniskirt stimulated fashionable London shopping areas such as Carnaby Street and King's Road , Chelsea . Vidal Sassoon created the bob cut hairstyle. The model Jean Shrimpton was another icon and one of the world's first supermodels. She was the world's highest paid and most photographed model during this time. Shrimpton was called "The Face of the '60s", in which she has been considered by many as "the symbol of Swinging London" and

1219-438: The popular consciousness of aspirational Britain in the 1960s, the period was a West End –centred phenomenon regarded as happening among young, middle class people, and was often considered as "simply a diversion" by them. The swinging scene also served as a consumerist counterpart to the more overtly political and radical British underground of the same period. English cultural geographer Simon Rycroft wrote that "whilst it

1272-442: The terror management theory (TMT) to argue for the existence of youth culture. They tested the following hypothesis: "If youth culture serves to help adolescents deal with problems of vulnerability and finiteness, then reminders of mortality should lead to increased allegiance to cultural practices and beliefs of the youth." The results supported the hypothesis and the outcome of previous studies, and suggest that youth culture

1325-650: The "embodiment of the 1960s". Like Pattie Boyd , the wife of Beatles guitarist George Harrison , Shrimpton gained international fame for her embodiment of the "British female 'look' – mini-skirt, long, straight hair and wide-eyed loveliness", characteristics that defined Western fashion following the arrival of the Beatles and other British Invasion acts in 1964. Other popular models of the era included Veruschka , Peggy Moffitt and Penelope Tree . The model Twiggy has been called "the face of 1966" and "the Queen of Mod ",

1378-451: The 1950s. "The Swinging City" was defined by Time magazine on the cover of its issue of 15 April 1966. In a Piri Halasz article 'Great Britain: You Can Walk Across It on the Grass', the magazine pronounced London the global hub of youthful creativity, hedonism and excitement: "In a decade dominated by youth, London has burst into bloom. It swings; it is the scene", and celebrated in

1431-653: The 1980s than in the 1960s and '70s echoes Sebald's finding . Another study did find differences between adolescents' and parents' attitudes but found that the differences were in the degree of belief, not in the behavior itself. There may also be pluralistic ignorance on the part of youth when comparing their attitudes to peers and parents. A study by Lerner et al. asked college students to compare their attitudes on several issues to their peers and parents. Most students rated their attitudes as falling somewhere between their parents' more conservative attitudes and their peers' more liberal attitudes. The authors suggested that

1484-804: The American civil rights movement , which included organizations like the Southern Student Organizing Committee , Students for a Democratic Society , and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee . The Freedom Summer campaign relied heavily on college students; hundreds of students engaged in registering African Americans to vote, teaching in "Freedom Schools", and organizing the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party . The American protests in

1537-692: The Junction (1968), Joanna (1968), Otley (1968), The Strange Affair (1968), Baby Love (1968), The Magic Christian (1969), The Touchables (1968), Les Bicyclettes de Belsize (1969), Two Gentlemen Sharing (1969), Performance (1970), and Deep End (1970). The comedy films Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997) and Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999), written by and starring Mike Myers , resurrected

1590-741: The Kinks , the Who , Small Faces , the Animals , Dusty Springfield , Lulu , Cilla Black , Sandie Shaw and other artists from what was known in the US as the " British Invasion ". Psychedelic rock from artists such as Pink Floyd , Cream , Procol Harum , the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Traffic grew significantly in popularity. Large venues, besides former music halls, included Hyde , Alexandra and Finsbury Parks , Clapham Common and

1643-458: The UK overseas to North America and other countries. The presence of youth culture is a relatively recent historical phenomenon. There are several dominant theories about the emergence of youth culture in the 20th century, which include hypotheses about the historical, economic, and psychological influences on the presence of youth culture. One historical theory credits the emergence of youth culture to

Collett Dickenson Pearce - Misplaced Pages Continue

1696-445: The adult world". Common concerns about youth culture include a perceived lack of interest in education, involvement in risky behaviors like substance use and sexual activity, and engaging extensively in leisure activities. These perceptions have led many adults to believe that adolescents hold different values than older generations and to perceive youth culture as an attack on the morals of current society. These worries have prompted

1749-462: The beginning of compulsory schooling . James Coleman argues that age segregation is the root of separate youth culture. Before mandatory education, many children and adolescents interacted primarily with adults. In contrast, modern children associate extensively with others their age. These interactions allow adolescents to develop shared experiences and meanings, which are the root of youth culture. Another theory posits that some cultures facilitate

1802-483: The commercials it showed. CDP plunged in under its new managing director Frank Lowe (later Sir Frank), and set the tone for what is now viewed as a golden creative period in British advertising. Clients included Harvey’s Bristol Cream, Bird’s Eye, Parker pens , Fiat , Ford , Acrilan, Pretty Polly, and Ronson. Campaign slogans which entered the national consciousness include " Happiness is a cigar called Hamlet " and " Land Rover. The best 4 x 4 x far. " "Heineken refreshes

1855-456: The communicated norms. Therefore, many societies use age grouping, such as in schools, to educate their children on societies' norms and prepare them for adulthood; youth culture is a byproduct of this tactic. Because children spend so much time together and learn the same things as the rest of their age group, they develop their own culture. Psychological theorists have noted the role of youth culture in identity development. Youth culture may be

1908-583: The creation of parenting websites such as The Youth Culture Report and the Center for Parent Youth Understanding, whose goal is to preserve the values of older generations in young people. There is no consensus among researchers about whether youth subcultures hold different beliefs than adults do. Some researchers have noted the simultaneous rise in age segregation and adolescent adjustment problems such as suicide, delinquency, and premarital pregnancy. However, most evidence suggests that these youth problems are not

1961-407: The development of youth culture, while others do not. The basis of this distinction is the presence of universalistic or particularistic norms. Particularistic norms are guidelines for behavior that vary from one individual to another. In contrast, universalistic norms apply to all members of society. Universalistic norms are more likely to be found in industrialized societies. Modernization in

2014-516: The early 2010s, the Arab Spring illustrated how young people played roles in demonstrations and protests. The movement was initiated primarily by young people, mostly college students dissatisfied with the opportunities afforded to them. The participation of young people prompted Time magazine to include several youth members of the movement in its 2011 list of 100 most influential people. Additionally, this movement utilized social media (which

2067-448: The famous name into an existing agency Travis Sully, which was renamed CDP-Travissully London. In 2010, adman Jim Kelly, a founder of Rainey Kelly Campbell Roalfe /Y&R , was given the task of expanding Dentsu’s fledgling European network. Part of his strategy was a new management team and a complete agency rebrand for CDP-Travissully, replacing the CDP name with "Dentsu London". CDP was

2120-464: The finest advertising agencies in the world during the 1970s. The agency's output had a distinctive sharp wit and confident font-led graphic style, well suited to the voguish "colour supplements" which the Sunday newspapers were launching at this time. By the 70s, colour television with improved picture definition was rapidly taking root, bringing the need and the opportunity for greater sophistication in

2173-461: The first two key decades was the late Colin Millward, a dour veteran of World War II . John Salmon was creative director and chairman. Puttnam's role was as an account executive. "My equivalent of university was the five years [1962-1967] I spent working at an advertising agency called Collett Dickenson Pearce ... with good reason I believed I was working for the best agency in the world. Most of

Collett Dickenson Pearce - Misplaced Pages Continue

2226-802: The imagery of the Swinging London scene (but were filmed in Hollywood), as did the 2009 film The Boat That Rocked . Youth culture Youth culture refers to the societal norms of children , adolescents , and young adults . Specifically, it comprises the processes and symbolic systems that are shared by the youth and are distinct from those of adults in the community. An emphasis on clothes, popular music, sports, vocabulary, and dating typically sets youth apart from other age groups. Within youth culture, there are many constantly changing youth subcultures , which may be divided based on race, ethnicity, economic status, public appearance, or

2279-423: The last century has encouraged universalistic norms since interaction in modern societies makes it necessary for everyone to learn the same set of norms. Modernization and universalistic norms have encouraged the growth of youth culture. The need for universalistic norms has made it impractical for young people's socialization to come primarily from immediate family members, which would lead to significant variation in

2332-452: The market economy of modern society. As a means of coping with these contrasting aspects of adolescence, youth create freedom through behavior—specifically, through leisure -oriented activities done with peers. For decades, adults have worried that youth subcultures were the root of moral degradation and changing values in younger generations. Researchers have characterized youth culture as embodying values that are "in conflict with those of

2385-469: The name of the pirate radio station, Swinging Radio England , that began shortly afterwards. The term "swinging" in the sense of hip or fashionable had been used since the early 1960s, including by Norman Vaughan in his "swinging/dodgy" patter on Sunday Night at the London Palladium . In 1965, Diana Vreeland , editor of Vogue magazine, said that "London is the most swinging city in

2438-688: The new aristocracy". The phenomenon was featured in many films of the time, including Darling (1965) starring Julie Christie , The Pleasure Girls (1965), The Knack ...and How to Get It (1965), Michelangelo Antonioni 's Blowup (1966), Alfie (1966) starring Michael Caine, Morgan: A Suitable Case for Treatment (1966), Georgy Girl (1966), Kaleidoscope (1966), The Sandwich Man (1966), The Jokers (1967), Casino Royale (1967) starring Peter Sellers , Smashing Time (1967), To Sir, with Love (1967), Bedazzled (1967) starring Dudley Moore and Peter Cook , Poor Cow (1967), I'll Never Forget What's'isname (1967), Up

2491-542: The parts other beers cannot reach" (1974). (1979) Heineken Galley Slave commercial. These, and commercials for Hovis (by Ridley Scott , 1973) and Cinzano ( Alan Parker , 1978), all appear in the upper reaches of 100 Greatest TV Ads. The agency's most notorious campaign was for Benson & Hedges cigarettes – carried principally on posters and in print, because cigarette advertising had been banned from British television since 1965. To circumvent restrictions on associating smoking with youth, glamour or life style, CDP devised

2544-471: The peer group diminishes as youth enter adulthood and take on adult roles. Fasick relates youth culture as a method of identity development to the simultaneous elongation of childhood and the need for independence in adolescence. According to Fasick, adolescents face contradictory pulls from society. Compulsory schooling keeps them socially and economically dependent on their parents, while young people need to achieve some sort of independence to participate in

2597-602: The political activism of the anti-nuclear movement ; and the sexual liberation movement. Music was an essential part of the revolution, with "the London sound" being regarded as including the Beatles, the Rolling Stones , the Who , the Kinks and the Small Faces , bands that were additionally the mainstay of pirate radio stations like Radio Caroline , Wonderful Radio London and Swinging Radio England . Swinging London also reached British cinema , which according to

2650-452: The reason for this is that the students perceived their friends as more liberal than they were. Sports, language, music, clothing, and dating tend to be superficial ways of expressing autonomy —they can be adopted without compromising one's beliefs or values. Some areas in which adolescents assert autonomy can cause long-term consequences, such as substance use and sexual activity. The impact of youth culture on deviance and sexual behavior

2703-440: The work we were doing was both different and good; and we were winning awards and gaining recognition left, right and centre." Swinging London The Swinging Sixties was a youth-driven cultural revolution that took place in the United Kingdom during the mid-to-late 1960s, emphasising modernity and fun-loving hedonism , with Swinging London denoted as its centre. It saw a flourishing in art, music and fashion, and

SECTION 50

#1732787376679

2756-473: The world at the moment." Later that year, the American singer Roger Miller had a hit record with " England Swings ", although the lyrics mostly relate to traditional notions of Britain. Already heralded by Colin MacInnes ' 1959 novel Absolute Beginners which captured London's emerging youth culture, Swinging London was underway by the mid-1960s and included music by the Beatles , the Rolling Stones ,

2809-465: Was symbolised by the city's "pop and fashion exports", such as the Beatles , as the multimedia leaders of the British Invasion of musical acts; the mod and psychedelic subcultures; Mary Quant 's miniskirt designs; popular fashion models such as Twiggy and Jean Shrimpton ; the iconic status of popular shopping areas such as London's King's Road , Kensington and Carnaby Street ;

#678321