Misplaced Pages

#852147

55-659: The institution was endowed by the Cardinal Giulio Alberoni (1664-1742); construction began in 1732, and the seminary opened in 1751. In 1746, during the War of Austrian Succession, the structures of the time were nearly razed. It is now administered by the Congregation of the Mission , also known as Vicentines. The mission of the seminary as set forth by Alberoni was to provide for the subsidized education of

110-625: A diocesan synod on 3–5 May 1632. He held his second synod on 8–10 November 1646. A diocesan synod was held on 12–14 May 1677 by Bishop Giuseppe Zandemaria. Bishop Giorgio Barni (1688–1731) presided over a diocesan synod on 4–6 June 1696. He held a second synod in 1725. 16 September 1989: United with part of the Archdiocese of Genova-Bobbio to form the Diocese of Piacenza-Bobbio The diocese has 422 parishes which extend over an area of 3,715 square kilometres (1,434 sq mi). Most, like

165-476: A publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). " Alberoni, Giulio ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 493. Bishop of Piacenza The Diocese of Piacenza -Bobbio ( Latin : Dioecesis Placentina-Bobiensis ) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church . It has existed since 1989. In northern Italy, it

220-519: A serious illness at the end of the mission, which incapacitated him for five months in Barcelona, he did not return to Piacenza until June 1584. A new pope, Sixtus V , who had heard of his reforming efforts in his diocese, summoned him to Rome and appointed him, on 24 April 1585, one of the Reformers of the clergy and clerical institutions of the city of Rome. His tenure was not long, however, for

275-635: A specialty of Piacenza, is named for him. A " timballo Alberoni" combines maccaroni, shrimp sauce, mushrooms, butter and cheese. He died leaving a sum of 600,000 ducats to endow the seminary he had founded. He left the rest of the immense wealth he had acquired in Spain to his nephew. Alberoni produced many manuscripts . The genuineness of the Political Testament, published in his name at Lausanne in 1753, has been questioned. [REDACTED]   This article incorporates text from

330-522: A suffragan of the Archdiocese of Bologna by Pope Gregory XIII in the bull Universi orbis of 10 December 1582. In 1806, in accordance with faculties specially granted to him by Pope Pius VII on 5 April 1806, Cardinal Giovanni Battista Caprara removed the dioceses of Piacenza, San Donnino, and Parma from the jurisdiction of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Bologna, and attached them to the Archdiocese of Genoa. On 30 March 1818, Pope Pius VII removed

385-401: A summons) to Borromeo's 5th (1579) or 6th (1582) synod; Borromeo had intended to hold a 7th in 1585, but he died in the meantime, and the matter lapsed. The 7th provincial synod of Milan finally took place in 1609, and Bishop Rangoni of Piacenza did not attend. The archbishop of Ravenna also tried to summon Piacenza, in 1582, and his effort too failed. The construction of the original cathedral

440-409: A synod there from 1–7 March. It is said that more than 4,000 clerics and 3,000 laypersons were present. Archbishop Hugh of Lyon was suspended from office because he was not in attendance and had offered no excuse. The Emperor Henry IV and his antipope Wibert of Ravenna ( Clement III ) were again excommunicated, and Wibert's bestowal of holy orders since his excommunication were annulled. The ambassador of

495-447: Is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Modena-Nonantola . The historic Diocese of Piacenza was combined with the territory of the diocese of Bobbio-San Colombano , which was briefly united with the archdiocese of Genoa . Piacenza was originally a suffragan (subordinate, as part of the ecclesiastical province) of Milan. Bishop Majorianus was one of the bishops who attended the synod of Milan called by Archbishop Eusebius in 451. Piacenza

550-623: The Emperor Henry IV . On 7 August 1118, Pope Gelasius II withdrew Pope Paschal's order, and returned the dioceses to the metropolitanate of Ravenna; his decision was confirmed by Pope Calixtus II in 1121, and in 1125 by Pope Honorius II . Bishop Arduinus of Piacenza (1119?–1147), however, resisted efforts of the popes and the Archbishop of Ravenna to return his diocese to suffragan status. On 29 March 1148, Pope Eugene III wrote to Archbishop Moyses of Ravenna that he had approved

605-654: The Emperor Alexios I Komnenos made another public appeal for assistance against the Muslims. Simony was again condemned, as was clerical concubinage. Berengar of Tours was condemned for his heretical views on the subject of transubstantiation . The dates for the observance of the Quattuor tempora were fixed. People from Piacenza took part in the First Crusade . When Bishop Filippo Sega (1578–1596)

SECTION 10

#1732783714853

660-531: The French economist Jean Orry . Some attempts were made to satisfy Spanish conservatives e.g. a new School of Navigation was reserved for the sons of the nobility. These reforms made Spain confident enough to attempt the recovery of territories in Italy ceded to Savoy and Charles VI of Austria . In 1717, a Spanish force occupied Sardinia unopposed; neither Austria or Savoy had significant naval forces and Austria

715-408: The French forces in Italy, to whom the duke of Parma had sent him. That a low-ranking priest was used as an envoy was due to the duke's rude manners: the previous envoy, the bishop of Parma , had quit because the duke had wiped his buttocks in front of him: Saint-Simon in his Mémoires relates that Alberoni gained Vendôme's favour when he was received in the same way, but reacted adroitly by kissing

770-733: The Mediterranean by sponsoring a Jacobite landing to divert their naval resources; he also sought to end the 1716 Anglo-French Alliance by using the Cellamare conspiracy to replace the current French Regent the Duke of Orleans with Phillip of Spain. However, he failed to appreciate that Britain was now powerful enough to maintain naval superiority in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic while France declared war on Spain in December 1718 on

825-548: The Papacy. In 1095, the Archbishop and Archbishop Bernard of Würzburg were sent to Constantinople to attempt to arrange for the marriage of a Byzantine princess and the new Emperor Otto III . On their return Joannes was drawn into Roman politics by Crescentius II Nomentanus, who had just engineered a coup-d'état against Pope Gregory V . Archbishop Joannes found himself named pope (or rather antipope) in February or March 997, under

880-651: The Pope appointed him Nuncio to the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II in Vienna on 18 January 1586, a post which he held until 28 May 1587. On his return, during his second period of residence, he further advanced the reforms mandated by the Council of Trent , and held a diocesan synod on 3–5 May 1589. He was summoned back to Rome following the assassination of Henry III of France on 3 August 1589, and

935-579: The Princesse des Ursins. By the end of 1715, Alberoni had been made a Duke and Grandee of Spain, a member of the King's council, Bishop of Málaga and Chief Minister of the Hispanic Monarchy . In July 1717, Pope Clement XI appointed him Cardinal, allegedly because of his assistance in resolving several ecclesiastical disputes between Rome and Madrid in favour of Rome. One outcome of the war

990-630: The Spanish Britain could land anywhere along their coastline and leave when they wanted to. The failure of his policy meant Alberoni was dismissed on 5 December 1719 and ordered to leave Spain, with the Treaty of The Hague in 1720 confirming the outcome of Utrecht. He went to Italy, escaped from arrest at Genoa, and had to take refuge among the Apennines , Pope Clement XI , who was his bitter enemy, having given strict orders for his arrest. On

1045-544: The bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See. Bishop Albericus Visconti (1295–1301) held a diocesan synod in Piacenza on 19 February 1298. The "Acts" survive, and were published by Pietro Maria Campi in 1662. Among other things, it ordered clerici concubinarii (clergy with wives) to leave their houses within eight days of

1100-655: The cathedral by Bishop Joannes Philagathos the Antipope John XVI (982–997). The cathedral was ruined in the great earthquake of 1117 and was completely rebuilt beginning in 1122. It is claimed, in the Chronocle of Piacenza, that the cathedral was dedicated by Pope Calixtus II on 23 October 1123, but, as Paul Fridolin Kehr has pointed out, Calixtus visited Piacenza in April 1120, while on the alleged consecration day he

1155-625: The clerics for the diocese of Piacenza. Among its objectives were an "education in divinity", "virtuous orientation' for which the alumni should demonstrated docility, and a realistic capacity to work for the common good, respect for the property of the college, distance from secularism, and the capacity to disrobe the spirit of the word, and garner those of Christ. Admission was by contest. Studies lasted 8 years and included humanistic disciplines such as philosophy and morals. The institution rapidly adapted to an enlightened education, including scientific methods. The small art gallery, derived mainly from

SECTION 20

#1732783714853

1210-709: The collections of the Cardinal Alberoni. The exhibition space was refurbished and modernized in the 1960s by the architect Vittorio Gandolfi . The gallery is open on Sundays from 15:30 to 18:00 during October to June. Among the masterworks are: an Ecce Homo by Antonello da Messina , a diptych by Jan Provost , and paintings by Luca Giordano and Guido Reni ) (in the Cardinal's apartment); as well as Giovanni Paolo Panini ; Giovanni Battista Lenardi ; Cristoforo Serra ; Domenico Maria Viani ; Sebastiano Conca ; Sebastiano Martinez ; and Italian genre artists. Among

1265-639: The consent of the pope to suppress the hospital, which had fallen into great disorder, and replaced it with a seminary for the priestly education of seventy poor boys, under the name of the Collegio Alberoni , which it still bears. The Cardinal's collections of art gathered in Rome and Piacenza, housed in his richly appointed private apartments, have been augmented by the Collegio. There are remarkable suites of Flemish tapestries, and paintings, among which

1320-482: The death of Clement in 1721, Alberoni boldly appeared at the conclave, and took part in the election of Innocent XIII , after which he was for a short time imprisoned by the new pontiff on the demand of Spain on charges including sodomy ( Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatine noted in her diaries that he was a pederast ). He was ultimately cleared by a commission of his fellow Cardinals. At the next election (1724) he

1375-624: The discovery of the Conspiracy. France invaded eastern Spain and in October 1719 a British naval expedition captured the Spanish port of Vigo ; they landed 6,000 troops, held Vigo for ten days, destroyed vast quantities of stores and equipment and then re-embarked unopposed. The nearby city of Santiago de Compostela even paid £40,000 in return for being left alone. As intended, this was a crushing demonstration of British naval power and showed

1430-433: The duke's buttocks and crying "O culo di angelo!". The duke was amused, and this joke started Alberoni's brilliant career. When the French forces were recalled in 1706, he accompanied the duke to Paris, where he was favourably received by Louis XIV . Alberoni accompanied Vendôme to Spain as his secretary and became very active in promoting the cause of the French candidate Philip V . Following Vendôme's death, in 1713 he

1485-401: The election of Bishop Joannes of Piacenza. On 9 November 1148, however, he wrote to Bishop-elect Joannes, ordering him to have himself consecrated by the Archbishop of Ravenna. After resisting for more than two years, Giovanni finally submitted to the Pope's order, and was consecrated by the Archbishop of Ravenna on 3 July 1151. The people of Piacenza did not let the matter rest. They solicited

1540-466: The episcopal seat, and styled himself Paulus vocatus Episcopus sanctae Placentinae ecclesiae . Pope Nicholas I immediately wrote to the Emperor Louis II , demanding to know whether there was any crime charged against Soffredus, or any incapacity, that made his removal necessary; and pointing out that such problems were normally directed to the metropolitan, or if they were serious enough, to

1595-439: The grand republic of San Marino to the papal states incurred the pope's displeasure and left a historical scar in that place's memory. He was soon replaced by another legate in 1740, and he retired to Piacenza , where in 1730 Clement XII appointed him administrator of the hospital of San Lazzaro , an institute founded in the medieval era for the benefit of lepers . Since leprosy had nearly disappeared in Italy, Alberoni obtained

1650-562: The intervention of Abbot Peter the Venerable of Cluny, informing him of their point of view, that their metropolitan was the pope, not the Archbishops of Aquileia or Ravenna. They noted that Urban II and Calixtus II had consecrated their bishops. In 1155, with a new Pope, Adrian IV and a new bishop of Piacenza, Ugo Pierleoni, the matter was raised again, and Adrian issued a bull exempting Bishop Ugo from subjection to Ravenna, while at

1705-475: The latter are works by Bartolomeo Arbotori (1594–1676); Antonio Gianlisi junior (1677–1727); Marc’Antonio Rizzi (1648–1723); Ludovico Stern (1709–1777), Eberhart Keilhau (1624–1687); David de Coninck (1643–1701); Gaspard Dughet (1615–1675); Micco Spadaro (1609/10-1675); and Jacques Courtois , also called il Borgognone (1621–1670). The collection displays 18 large tapestries, including two 16th century Flemish tapestries. Among them are works weaved by

Collegio Alberoni - Misplaced Pages Continue

1760-473: The latter. They either attended under the stipulation that no suffragan status was implied or created, or declined to appear. Borromeo even tried to get the Cathedral Chapter of Piacenza to send a delegation, but they too declined, on the grounds that cathedral chapters were not members of a provincial council. Sega, who was engaged in diplomatic activities, was unable to respond to an invitation (or

1815-511: The most famous is the Ecce Homo by Antonello da Messina (1473), but which also include panels by Jan Provoost and other Flemish artists, oil paintings by Domenico Maria Viani and Francesco Solimena . Alberoni was a gourmand . Interspersed in his official correspondence with Parma are requests for local delicacies triffole ( truffles ), salame , robiola cheeses, and agnolini (kind of pasta). The pork dish " Coppa del Cardinale " ,

1870-661: The name John XVI . The Emperor, however, was not pleased that Pope Gregory V, his cousin Otto of Carinthia, had been expelled from Rome. He summoned a synod at Pavia, which anathematized Crescentius and John XVI. Piacenza received a new bishop, the Benedictine Sigifredus . The title of archbishop was withdrawn, and the diocese of Piacenza was returned to the metropolitanate of Ravenna. Its time as an independent archdiocese had lasted from 988 to 997. Pope Urban II visited Piacenza from 1 March to 5 April 1095, and held

1925-423: The neighboring metropolitanates. The Council of Trent had decreed that every bishop should attend regular provincial synods, and that those bishops who were directly dependent upon the Holy See (the pope) should choose a provincial synod to attend. Cardinal Carlo Borromeo of Milan was especially enthusiastic for Tridentine reform, and held frequent diocesan and provincial synods, inviting the bishops of Piacenza to

1980-502: The ninth century document that makes him a member of the Theban legion is pieno di favole ('full of fables'). The Lombards took possession of Piacenza at the beginning of their invasion and thereafter it remained in their power. In 865, after twenty-five years of service in Piacenza, Bishop Soffredus (Seufredus) found himself driven from his office by the treachery of his own nephew, the deacon Paulus. Eager for power, Paulus usurped

2035-731: The patronage of the Empress Theophano, was also Abbot of the Monastery of Nonantola and tutor of the child who would become the Emperor Otto III . When Sigulfus died, Joannes began to sign himself Archiepiscopus Sancte Placentine Ecclesie . The diocese of Piacenza had been detached from the ecclesiastical province of Ravenna, through the influence of the Regent Theophano and with the consent of Pope John XV , and erected into an archdiocese directly dependent upon

2090-468: The pope himself. Pope Nicholas then ordered the Emperor to restore Soffredus to his episcopal seat. At the same time, through his legates, Pope Nicholas had Soffredus restored to his seat. Paulus was forbidden to attempt such a thing ever again, or to seek the bishopric. Nonetheless, on the death of Soffredus in 870, Paulus, who had evidently been restored to favor and was serving as Archdeacon of Piacenza,

2145-556: The previously closed market of the Spanish Americas. At this time, the key powerbroker at the Spanish court was Marie-Anne de la Trémoille, princesse des Ursins who dominated Phillip and his wife Maria Luisa of Savoy . Alberoni worked with her and when Maria Luisa died in 1714 they arranged for Philip to marry Elisabetta Farnese , daughter of the Duke of Parma. Elisabetta was a strong personality herself and formed an alliance with Alberoni, their first action being to banish

2200-421: The publication of the synodical decrees, and not to take their children with them. Cardinal Paolo Burali conducted a synod on 27 August 1570, and a second synod on 2 September 1574. On 3–5 May 1589, a diocesan synod was held by Bishop Filippo Sega. Bishop Claudio Rangoni (1596–1619) presided at a diocesan synod on 11 November 1599. He held another synod in 1613. Bishop Alexandre Scappi (1627–1653) presided over

2255-534: The same three dioceses from the jurisdiction of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Genoa, and made them directly dependent upon the Holy See . The current bishop is Adriano Cevolotto. An early martyr, St. Antonius (or Antoninus, as the diocese prefers), is said to have belonged to the Theban Legion , and to have suffered martyrdom at Piacenza in the second or third century. He has no "Passion", however, and

Collegio Alberoni - Misplaced Pages Continue

2310-474: The same time claiming an inability to decide the issue between Ravenna and Piacenza. In March 1179, Bishop Tedaldo was present at the Third Lateran Council in Rome, and he subscribed along with the bishops directly dependent upon the Holy See (papacy), not with the suffragans of Ravenna. In 1582 the diocese of Bologna was raised to the status of a metropolitan archbishopric. Piacenza was made

2365-418: The studio of Michel Wauters of Antwerp circa 1670 based on sketches by Giovanni Francesco Romanelli and some from Brussels , circa 1650, perhaps Jan Leyniers , and apparently based on sketches by Jacob Jordaens . 45°02′10″N 9°43′32″E  /  45.036103°N 9.725649°E  / 45.036103; 9.725649 Giulio Alberoni Giulio Alberoni (21 May 1664 OS – 26 June NS 1752)

2420-534: Was an Italian cardinal and statesman in the service of Philip V of Spain . He was born near Piacenza on May 21, 1664, probably at the village of Fiorenzuola d'Arda in the Duchy of Parma . His father was a gardener, and he himself became first connected with the church in the humble position of a bellringer and verger in the Duomo of Piacenza ; he was twenty-one when the judge Ignazio Gardini, of Ravenna ,

2475-507: Was appointed Bishop of Piacenza, he was not even in Italy. He was in Spain, acting as Pope Gregory XIII 's Nuncio to the court of King Philip II of Spain . He was already a bishop, the second Bishop of Ripatransone . He continued as Nuncio in Spain until the end of 1581, and did not enter Piacenza until the Spring of 1582. After little more than a year in the diocese, he was again appointed papal Nuncio to Spain on 20 September 1583, and, due to

2530-600: Was attributed to Bishop Victor, the first bishop known by name, and was dedicated to Saint Antoninus. It was referred to as the Victorana Ecclesia . A new building was constructed by Bishop Seufridus (839–870), and dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Saint Justina, possibly Justina of Padua or perhaps Justina of Antioch , both of whose stories are fictional. The second cathedral was completed by Bishop Paulus (870– c. 885), and some remains of Justina were given to

2585-583: Was banished, and he followed Gardini to Ravenna, where he met the vice-legate Giorgio Barni , who was made bishop of Piacenza in 1688 and appointed Alberoni chamberlain of his household. Alberoni took priest's orders, and afterwards accompanied the son of his patron to Rome. During the War of the Spanish Succession Alberoni laid the foundation of his political success by the services he rendered to Louis-Joseph, duc de Vendôme , commander of

2640-510: Was certainly suffragan to Ravenna by the time of the Roman synod of 680. On 21 October 1106, Pope Paschal II , at the Council of Guastalla, removed the dioceses of Emilia from the metropolitanate of Ravenna, and made them directly dependent upon the Holy See (papacy). This action was in punishment for the schism carried on by Archbishop Wibert of Ravenna ( Antipope Clement III ), in concert with

2695-455: Was elected bishop in his place. The temporal power was in the hands of the bishops from the ninth century until the twelfth century, when the town became a commune governed by consuls and later (1188) by a podestà . The Bishop of Piacenza was first referred to as bishop and count in 1065. During the last six years of his administration, Bishop Sigulfus (951–988) enjoyed the services of a coadjutor-bishop, Johannes Philagathos, who, thanks to

2750-865: Was engaged in the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18 . This assumed the British would not intervene but when 38,000 Spanish troops landed on Sicily in 1718, Britain declared it a violation of Utrecht. On 2 August 1718, Britain, France, the Netherlands and the Austrians formed the Quadruple Alliance and on 11 August the Royal Navy destroyed a Spanish fleet off Sicily at the Battle of Cape Passaro . Alberoni now attempted to offset British in

2805-578: Was himself proposed for the papal chair, and secured ten votes at the conclave that elected Benedict XIII . Benedict's successor, Clement XII (elected 1730), named him legate of Ravenna , where he erected the Porta Alberoni (1739), a magnificent gateway that formerly provided access to the city's dockyards, and has since been moved to the entrance of the Teatro Rasi. That same year, the strong and unwarrantable measures he adopted to subject

SECTION 50

#1732783714853

2860-876: Was in Benevento. In 1747, the Chapter had six dignities (including the Archdeacon, the Provost, the Vicedominus, the Archpriest, the Dean, and the Primicerius) and thirty Canons. A diocesan synod was an irregular but important meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which

2915-570: Was made a Count and appointed Consular agent for Parma at Philip's court where he was a Royal favourite. Under the terms of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht , Philip became King of Spain but the Spanish Empire was effectively partitioned. The Southern Netherlands and their Italian possessions were ceded to the Austrian Habsburgs and Savoy , Menorca and Gibraltar went to Britain while British merchants gained trading rights in

2970-512: Was sent as Nuncio on Cardinal Enrico Caetani 's legantine mission to France. He was made a cardinal in 1591 and replaced Caetani as Legate in 1592. He did not return to Italy until the summer of 1594, when he took up his duties at the Papal Curia in Rome. A beneficial side-effect of the Bishop's frequent absences was that Piacenza did not fall under subordination (suffragan status) to any of

3025-497: Was to reduce the powers of Castile and Aragon and create a Spanish state similar to the centralised French system. This allowed Alberoni to copy the economic reforms of Colbert and he passed a series of decrees aimed at restoring the Spanish economy. These abolished internal custom-houses, promoted trade with the Americas , instituted a regular mail service to the colonies and reorganised state finances along lines established by

#852147