48-455: Colman's is an English manufacturer of mustard and other sauces, formerly based and produced for 160 years at Carrow, in Norwich , Norfolk. Owned by Unilever since 1995, Colman's is one of the oldest existing food brands, famous for a limited range of products, almost all being varieties of mustard. In the early 1800s, Jeremiah Colman began making mustard at a water mill near Norwich in
96-460: A condiment in England is attested from the year 1390 in the book The Forme of Cury , which was written by King Richard II's master cooks. It was prepared in the form of mustard balls—coarse-ground mustard seed combined with flour and cinnamon , moistened, rolled into balls and dried—which were easily stored and combined with vinegar or wine to make mustard paste as needed. The town of Tewkesbury
144-538: A high proportion of vinegar, it is a very mild prepared mustard colored bright yellow from the inclusion of turmeric powder. It was introduced in 1904 by George J. French as "cream salad mustard". Yellow mustard is regularly used to top hot dogs, sandwiches, pretzels, and hamburgers. It is also an ingredient of many potato salads , barbecue sauces , and salad dressings . It is commonly referred to as "hot dog" or "ballpark" mustard because of its traditional popularity on hot dogs at baseball games. Spicy brown mustard
192-512: A mixture of two or more immiscible liquids, such as oil and water. Added to Hollandaise sauce , mustard can inhibit curdling . Mustard can be added to dishes as a primary spice, as is popular in East Indian cuisine. Added to mixed vegetables or fish curries, it can impart a unique flavor to some of the Indian recipes. The amounts of various nutrients in mustard seed are to be found in
240-587: A paste or as individual seeds, mustard is used as a condiment in the cuisine of India and Bangladesh , the Mediterranean , northern and southeastern Europe , Asia , the Americas , and Africa , making it one of the most popular and widely used spices and condiments in the world. The English word "mustard" derives from the Anglo-Norman mustarde and Old French mostarde . (Modern French
288-447: A paste or sauce ranging in color from bright yellow to dark brown. The seed itself has a strong, pungent, and somewhat bitter taste. The taste of mustard condiments ranges from sweet to spicy. Mustard is commonly paired with meats, vegetables and cheeses, especially as a condiment for sandwiches , hamburgers , and hot dogs . It is also used as an ingredient in many dressings , glazes , sauces , soups , relishes , and marinades . As
336-486: A school was opened for the employees' children, while in 1864, the firm employed a nurse to help sick members of staff, a social revolution at the time. From 1896, Jeremiah Colman became chairman. In 1903, the firm took over rival mustard maker Keen Robinson & Company , through which it also acquired the Robinsons barley water and baby food business. The purpose of the acquisition was to reduce competition within
384-501: A small amount of wine or vinegar may improve dried-out mustard. Some types of prepared mustard stored for a long time may separate, which can be corrected by stirring or shaking. If stored unrefrigerated for a long time, mustard can acquire a bitter taste. When whole mustard seeds are crushed and mixed with a liquid, an enzyme is activated that releases pungent sulfurous compounds, but they quickly evaporate. An acidic liquid, such as wine or vinegar, produces longer-lasting flavor by slowing
432-400: A yellow color. Prepared mustard is sold in glass jars, plastic bottles, or metal squeeze tubes. Because of its antibacterial properties and acidity, mustard does not require refrigeration for safety; it will not grow mold, mildew, or harmful bacteria. Mustard can last indefinitely without becoming inedible or harmful, though it may dry out, lose flavor, or brown from oxidation . Mixing in
480-460: Is moutarde .) The first element is ultimately from Latin mustum (" must ", unfermented grape juice)—the condiment was originally prepared by making the ground seeds into a paste with must or verjuice . It was first attested in English in the late 13th century, though it was used as a surname a century earlier. Evidence of mustard in the archaeological record is scarce since species in
528-581: Is Colman's of Norwich. Colman's began by selling mustard powder in the company's trademark yellow tin, which it introduced in 1814. "French" mustard is a dark brown, mild, tangy and sweet mustard, that, despite its name, is not actually French in origin. French mustard is particular to the UK and was invented by Colman's in 1936. It became a popular accompaniment to steak in particular. Colman's ceased retail production of French mustard in 2001 after Unilever , which now owns Colman's, were ordered to stop selling it by
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#1732791462029576-423: Is a blend of mustard and honey. It is commonly used both on sandwiches and as a dip for finger foods such as chicken fingers . It can also be combined with vinegar or olive oil to make a salad dressing. The term "hot mustard" is used for mustards prepared to bring out the natural piquancy of the mustard seeds. This is enhanced by using more pungent black or brown mustard seeds rather than yellow mustard seeds, and
624-554: Is also common in the United States. It includes some coarsely ground brown mustard seeds, giving it a speckled appearance and a spicier flavor than American yellow mustard. Some deli-style mustards also incorporate horseradish for additional heat. A variety popular in Louisiana is called Creole mustard , which is much coarser than most spicy brown types. Dijon mustard originated in 1856, when Jean Naigeon of Dijon replaced
672-504: Is by mixing ground mustard powder to the desired consistency with water or an acidic liquid such as wine, vinegar, milk or beer, and letting it stand for 10 minutes. It is usually prepared immediately before a meal; mustard prepared with water, in particular, is more pungent, but deteriorates rapidly. A strong mustard can make the eyes water, and sting the tongue, palate, and throat. Home-made mustards may be hotter and more intensely flavored than most commercial preparations. Any part of
720-472: Is made with a combination of yellow and brown seeds and is stronger than many other mustards as it has a low acid content. It is particularly suited to flavoring as a cooking ingredient but is also used as a table condiment for cold and hot meats. A woman based in Durham by the name of Mrs Clements was the first person to sell English mustard in a prepared format in 1720. The most famous brand of English mustard
768-457: Is made with cold water, whereas using hot water produces a milder condiment, all else being equal. Mustard oil can be extracted from the chaff and meal of the seed. The mustard plant itself has a sharp, hot, pungent flavor. Mixing ground mustard seeds with water causes a chemical reaction between two compounds in the seed: the enzyme myrosinase and various glucosinolates such as sinigrin and sinalbin . The myrosinase enzyme turns
816-583: Is most often used at the table as a condiment on cold and hot meats. It is also used as an ingredient in mayonnaise , vinaigrette , marinades, and barbecue sauce . It is also a popular accompaniment to hot dogs, pretzels , and bratwurst . In the Netherlands and Belgium, mustard is mainly used as a seasoning of croquettes, bitterballen and cheese, and commonly used to make mustard soup, which includes mustard, cream, parsley , garlic , and pieces of salted bacon . Mustard as an emulsifier can stabilize
864-400: Is suitable for grilled meats such as mititei . In whole-grain mustard, also known as granary mustard, the seeds are mixed whole with other ingredients. Different flavors and strengths can be achieved through different blends of mustard seed species. Groningen mustard and others are examples of mustards with partially ground grains. A method of preparing hot table mustard by the home cook
912-636: Is sweetened with sugar. It is common in Bavaria where it is typically served with Weißwurst or Leberkäse . Moutarde douce is a sweetened mustard usually containing other herbs found in France, though less common than Dijon style. Other types of sweet mustards are known in Austria and Switzerland . Sweet mustard from Tecuci , Romania, is a variety very popular in Southeastern Europe and
960-603: The Brassicaceae family do not accumulate silica and therefore do not produce phytoliths . The earliest evidence of humans using mustard plants as food dates to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNA) site of Jerf el Ahmar in Syria. Here ground mustard seeds identified as belonging to the genus Sinapis were part of a "seed cake" that has been dated to between 9224 and 8753 BCE. Archaeological excavations in
1008-508: The Dukes of Milan . Traditional variations of fruit mustards include apple mustard (traditional in Mantua and very hot), quince mostarda (or mostarda vicentina , mild and with a jam-like appearance), and cherry mustard. In various areas of Italy, the term mostarda refers to sweet condiments made with fruit, vegetables, and mosto , grape juice that gets simmered until syrupy. Honey mustard
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#17327914620291056-626: The Indus Valley (Indian Subcontinent) have revealed that mustard was cultivated there. That civilization existed until about 1850 BCE. Mustard has been used in Africa and China for thousands of years. Mustard greens have been popularly consumed in China. Yellow mustard paste originated in China during the Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BCE), when the mustard seeds were ground and made into paste. It
1104-457: The Reckitt & Colman household products conglomerate. From 1997 to 2001, Colman's were the main sponsors of Norwich City Football Club . The Colman's part of the business was demerged in 1995 and Colman's became part of Unilever UK Ltd. In addition to mustard, it applies its name to condiments, sauces and other foodstuffs. Reckitt and Colman engaged in cost-cutting as it prepared to sell
1152-578: The USDA National Nutrient Database . As a condiment, mustard averages about 5 kcal per teaspoon. Some of the many vitamins and nutrients found in mustard seeds are selenium and omega 3 fatty acid . The many varieties of prepared mustards have a wide range of strengths and flavors, depending on the variety of mustard seed and the preparation method. The basic taste and "heat" of the mustard are determined largely by seed type, preparation, and ingredients. Preparations from
1200-519: The Carrow site until closing its doors in early 2020. The Mustard Shop traded in Norwich from 1973 to April 2017. The shop was originally opened in Bridewell Alley. In 1999, the shop was relocated to Norwich's Royal Arcade . Norwich Heritage Economic and Regeneration Trust took over the shop in 2009, making it both a retail operation and tourism attraction. In 2015, Guildhall Enterprises took
1248-503: The EU, following its takeover of rival mustard-maker Amora – Maille in 2000. Many British supermarkets still offer their own version of French mustard. Fruit and mustard have been combined since the Lombard creation of mostarda di frutta in the 14th century. Large chunks of fruit preserved in a sweet, hot mustard syrup were served with meat and game , and were said to be a favorite of
1296-579: The brand, getting rid of the agronomy department, which had looked after plant breeding and seed development. Colman's maintains links with Norwich. The founding family are commemorated in street names such as Colman Road (part of the A140 inner ring road), on which is situated Colman First and Middle Schools. In addition, the Colman House residence at the University of East Anglia is named after
1344-402: The bright-yellow French's mustard was introduced by the R.T. French Company. In November 2024, American rapper Kendrick Lamar popularized the condiment by rapping the lyrics “MUSTARD” for a full five seconds to honor his frequent collaborator, Mustard (record producer) , on the song TV Off , from his surprise album, GNX (album) ,. The lyric increased popularity of the condiment. Mustard
1392-743: The business. By 1865, production had transferred to a large factory at Carrow Road on land at Thorpe Hamlet , bought from the Norfolk Railway to the south of Norwich, where the firm operated until the Norwich closure. From 1855, the firm introduced its distinctive yellow packaging and bull's-head logo. In 1866, it was granted the Royal Warrant as manufacturers of mustard to Queen Victoria . His Majesty's household still uses Colman's today. The Colman family's pioneering achievements in social welfare are part of Norwich's history. In 1857
1440-541: The company and Jeremiah Colman. In January 2018, it was announced that Colman's was to leave its base in Norwich where the condiment had been produced for 160 years and would move its production to Burton-on-Trent and Germany . In 2019, the Colman's factory in Norwich rolled its last jar of mustard off the production line and its "best before" date was changed for the occasion to: " Norwich's Last. By Its Finest. July 24th 2019". Colman's continued making other condiments at
1488-444: The glucosinolates into various isothiocyanate compounds known generally as mustard oil . The concentrations of different glucosinolates in mustard plant varieties, and the different isothiocyanates that are produced, make different flavors and intensities. Prepared mustard condiment may also have ingredients giving salty, sour (vinegar), and sweet flavors. Turmeric is often added to commercially prepared mustards, mainly to give them
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1536-593: The initial crushing. Locations renowned for their mustard include Dijon and Meaux in France ; Norwich and (historically) Tewkesbury in England ; and Düsseldorf , Bautzen , and Bavaria in Germany . The most common mustard in the United States is known simply as "yellow mustard", a variety which has also become popular elsewhere since its introduction. Made entirely with the less-piquant yellow mustard seeds and
1584-524: The label as part of the list of ingredients, using a distinctive typography (i.e. bold, capitals). Royal Arcade, Norwich The Royal Arcade is a grade II* listed shopping arcade in Norwich 's city centre which runs from Norwich Market on its west side to the Back of the Inns. It was architected by George Skipper , designed by William James Neatby of Royal Doulton , and built in 1899 on
1632-818: The low acidity of the liquid used. Karashi is a variety of hot mustard originating in Japan. Hot mustard is also a common condiment in Chinese cuisine and Korean cuisine . Chilli peppers of various strengths are used to make a variety of mustards more piquant than plain mustard. Chilis or a hot sauce such as Sriracha made from chilis are added to mustards of different base styles such as yellow mustard, brown mustard, or spirit mustards. Spirit mustards are made with alcoholic distilled spirits . Variations include Arran mustards with Scotch whisky , brandied peach mustard, cognac mustard, Irish "pub" mustard with Irish whiskey , and Jack Daniel's mustard. Sweet mustard
1680-570: The mustard business. In the 19th and early 20th centuries Wisbech uniquely held annual mustard markets where the sale of the harvest of 'brown' and 'white' seed took place. Regular annual Buyers included Messrs Colman's. By 1909, the company employed 2,300 people. Keen's production was moved from London to Norwich in 1925. Together with Reckitt , the company acquired French's , the American mustard manufacturer, in 1926 for £750,000. In 1938, it merged with Reckitts and Sons of Hull to form
1728-491: The mustard plant can also, rarely, cause allergic reactions in some people, including anaphylaxis . In the European Union labeling the presence of mustard in packaged food is compulsory, either as an ingredient or even as unintended contamination in trace amounts. The Regulation (EC) 1169/2011 on food-labelling lists 14 allergens, including mustard, the presence of which in packaged food must be clearly indicated on
1776-516: The premises from HEART. The shop was closed in April 2017. In the 1920s, Dorothy L. Sayers worked on their account. Sayers was employed by S. H. Benson; her collaboration with artist John Gilroy resulted in "The Mustard Club" for Colman's Mustard. Media slogans such as "Come on Colman's, light my fire" appeared in the late 20th century. While the product was still manufactured in Norfolk, Colman's
1824-401: The reaction. However prepared mustard loses its pungency over time; the loss can be slowed by keeping a sealed container (opaque or in the dark) in a cool place or refrigerator. Mustards come in a wide variety of preparations which vary in the preparation of the mustard seeds and which other ingredients are included. The mustard seed husks may be ground with the seeds, or winnowed away after
1872-459: The recipe calls for a mixture of ground mustard, pepper , caraway , lovage , grilled coriander seeds, dill , celery , thyme , oregano , onion , honey , vinegar , fish sauce and oil and was intended as a glaze for spit-roasted boar . In the 10th century, the monks of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris and begun their own production of mustard. The first appearance of mustard makers on
1920-511: The royal registers in Paris was in 1292. Dijon , France, had become a recognized center for mustard making by the 13th century. The popularity of mustard in Dijon is evidenced by written accounts of guests consuming 320 litres (70 imp gal) of mustard creme in a single sitting at a gala held by the Duke of Burgundy in 1336. In 1877 one of the most famous Dijon mustard makers, Grey-Poupon ,
1968-609: The site of the former Royal Hotel and Angel inn. The white surfaces of the arcade are largely made from Carrara Ware ceramics from Royal Doulton. Above the east entrance of the arcade, on the site of a former inn named the Angel, sits Parson Woodforde's Angel, an Art Nouveau style depiction of an angel also sculpted from Doulton's Carrara marble. The Angel is named after James Woodforde who, in his diaries in 1775, described Norwich as "the finest City in England by far". Woodforde, when he travelled to London, set off from Norwich from
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2016-409: The usual ingredient of vinegar with verjuice , the acidic "green" juice of unripe grapes. Most Dijon mustards today contain white wine rather than verjuice. "Dijon mustard" is not a protected food name . While mustard factories still operate in Dijon and adjoining towns, most Dijon mustard is manufactured elsewhere. Prepared English mustard is bright yellow with a relatively thick consistency. It
2064-536: The village of Bawburgh . To create a tangy flavour, he blended brown mustard ( Brassica juncea ) with white mustard ( Sinapis alba ). Colman founded Colman's of Norwich in 1814, at the Stoke Holy Cross mill on the River Tas , four miles (6.4 km) south of Norwich. In 1823 he took his adopted nephew, James, into the business, which became J. & J. Colman . In 1851, J. J. Colman took over
2112-408: The white mustard plant ( Sinapis alba ) have a less pungent flavor than preparations of black mustard ( Brassica nigra ) or brown mustard ( Brassica juncea ). The temperature of the water and concentration of acids such as vinegar also determine the strength of a prepared mustard; hotter liquids and stronger acids denature the enzymes that make the strength-producing compounds. Thus, "hot" mustard
2160-453: Was established as a partnership between Maurice Grey, a mustard maker with a unique recipe containing white wine, and Auguste Poupon, his financial backer. Their success was aided by the introduction of the first automatic mustard-making machine. In 1937 Dijon mustard was granted an Appellation d'origine contrôlée . Owing to its long tradition of mustard making Dijon is regarded as the mustard capital of France. The early use of mustard as
2208-467: Was often used in the royal courts during the Zhou Dynasty to help whet the appetite for the later courses in a meal. The Romans mixed unfermented grape juice (the must) with ground mustard seeds (called sinapis ) to make ‘burning must’, mustum ardens —hence "must ard". A recipe for mustard appears in De re coquinaria , the anonymously compiled Roman cookery book from the late fourth or early fifth century:
2256-459: Was the main shirt sponsor of Norwich City Football Club . Mustard (condiment) Mustard is a condiment made from the seeds of a mustard plant (white/yellow mustard, Sinapis alba ; brown mustard, Brassica juncea ; or black mustard, Brassica nigra ). The whole, ground, cracked, or bruised mustard seeds are mixed with water, vinegar, lemon juice , wine, or other liquids, salt, and often other flavorings and spices , to create
2304-557: Was well known for its high-quality mustard balls, originally made with ground mustard mixed with horseradish and dried for storage, which were then exported to London and other parts of the country, and are even mentioned in William Shakespeare 's play King Henry the Fourth, Part II . The use of mustard as a hot dog condiment is said to have been first seen in the United States at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair , when
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