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41-550: Colmar-Berg is the site of the Grand Duke of Luxembourg 's principal residence, Berg Castle . It is also the site of a Goodyear tyre factory. The commune was known as simply "Berg" until 25 March 1991. The " Centre de Formation pour Conducteurs " (French for "Drivers' Training Centre") is also in Colmar-Berg. Every person has to make an "Obligatory Course" after they got their driving license in order for it to become

82-827: A cadet branch of the House of Bourbon-Parma. Idstein Idstein ( German: [ˈʔɪtʃtaɪn] ) is a town of about 25,000 inhabitants in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse , Germany. Because of its well preserved historical Altstadt (Old Town) it is part of the Deutsche Fachwerkstraße ( German Timber-Frame Road ), connecting towns with fine fachwerk buildings and houses. In 2002,

123-584: A grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was created from territory of the former Duchy of Luxembourg . It was in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1890 under the House of Orange-Nassau . Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign Grand Duchy and since 1815, there have been nine monarchs, including the incumbent , Henri . The constitution of Luxembourg defines

164-407: A definitive license. This has to be done in the timespan after three months and before two years after the person passed their practical driving test. This article related to the geography of Mersch canton is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Grand Duke of Luxembourg The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the head of state of Luxembourg . Luxembourg has been

205-660: A great number of commuters put the great shopping centres in Limburg an der Lahn and Wiesbaden as well as those throughout the Frankfurt Rhine Main Region in direct competition with the local retailers. In the course of the 2002 Hessentag , many great building (and sometimes conversion) projects were undertaken. The building of the connecting road Tiergartenspange reduced traffic in the Old Town. Three new building areas have been developed: In 2008,

246-810: A residence town, although it became the seat of the Nassau Archives and of an Oberamt . Nassau-Usingen was united with Nassau-Weilburg in 1806 into the Duchy of Nassau , becoming a member of the Confederation of the Rhine . After the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, Prussia annexed the Duchy as the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau . The residential palace from the 17th century is used by

287-404: A round castle wall embattled with two portcullises open, the wall enclosing two towers, the whole Or, with peaked roofs gules, between the portcullises an inescutcheon azure with a lion rampant Or armed and langued gules among six billets Or. The inescutcheon is the arms borne by the House of Nassau . The town's flag also bears this design set against orange and blue, Nassau's colours. Idstein

328-406: A son Georg Nikolaus, Count von Merenberg who was, however, the product of a morganatic marriage , and therefore not legally a member of the House of Nassau. In 1907, Adolphe's only son, William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg , obtained passage of a law confirming the right of his eldest daughter, Marie-Adélaïde , to succeed to the throne in virtue of the absence of any remaining dynastic males of

369-502: Is twinned with: Idstein has an interchange on the Autobahn A ;3 north of Wiesbaden between Niedernhausen and Bad Camberg , and a railway station with direct connections to Limburg an der Lahn , Frankfurt am Main and Wiesbaden . The building of a bypass, Bundesstraße 275, lessened the traffic in the historic Old Town. However, the traffic volume in the town core is still very high. At intersections in

410-470: Is believed that the crags on which the palace is built were already built up in the 11th century. A bridged gap in the crags separates it from the old castle area from the 11th century; through this gap today runs an important road. During the time when the last Idstein prince, Georg August Samuel von Nassau-Idstein (1665–1721), was ruling, the building was given its interior design under Maximilian von Welsch 's guidance. The now partly missing ceiling stucco

451-682: Is the Landeswohlfahrtsverband Hessen (Hesse State Welfare Federation) with its SPZ ( paediatric centre) Kalmenhof, an institution aiding youths and people with handicaps. As an historically important and modern middle centre and the heart of the Idsteiner Land , Idstein has at its disposal a multi-faceted retail structure. Its location on the Frankfurt/Wiesbaden – Limburg railway and the A ;3 and

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492-824: The Autobahn A 3 and the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line (in the Idsteintunnel along the slope). On the other side of the Rügert are the constituent communities of Oberauroff and Niederauroff in the valley of the Auroffer Bach. North of Idstein, the Wörsbach valley reaches into the Goldener Grund , fertile cropland that stretches all the way to the Lahn valley. Idstein borders in

533-637: The Dutch school of Rubens . Several well known works by Rubens form the basis of scenes from the life of Christ on the walls and ceiling; for example The Wedding at Cana on the south wall is largely based on Rubens's painting The Feast of Herod which hangs today in the National Gallery of Scotland in Edinburgh . The church's name refers to the church union declared in Idstein in 1817 whereby

574-541: The Pestalozzischule as a school building. It was expanded with a new building below the palace. From the late 18th century to the mid 20th, Idstein was the centre of an important leather industry. During the Second World War , many women became forced labour for work in the tanneries. In 1959, the dominant tannery in the middle of the town core was shut down for economic reasons. The lands right at

615-645: The Reformed and Lutheran churches in the Duchy of Nassau united to the Protestant Church in Nassau , today the Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau . The Renaissance -style Schloss was built in 1614–1634 by Jost and Henrich Heer (Höer) for Count Ludwig (d. 1627) and his son Count Johann (d. 1677) by incorporating older building materials. It stands on a craggy massif between the town's two brooks. It

656-535: The grand duke 's position: After a constitutional change (to article 34) in December 2008 resulting from Henri's refusal to assent to a law legalizing euthanasia , laws now no longer require the grand duke's formal assent (implying "approval") but his task of promulgating the law as chief executive remains. The grand duke does not receive a salary, but the grand ducal family receives annually 300,000 gold francs (€281,000) for grand ducal functions. In 2017,

697-469: The 1867 Treaty of London . The Nassau Family Pact itself can be amended by the usual legislative process, having been so on 10 July 1907 to exclude the Count of Merenberg branch of the House, which was descended from a morganatic marriage . An heir apparent may be granted the style 'hereditary grand duke'. The current heir apparent is Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume . In June 2011, agnatic primogeniture

738-683: The Frankfurt/Wiesbaden–Niedernhausen–Limburg line run into the evening. In Niedernhausen there is also a transfer point with S-Bahn line S2 towards Dietzenbach through the Frankfurt and Offenbach S-Bahn tunnels. The Idstein town bus ( de Idstaaner ) serves 3 lines: The town bus is run by ORN ( Omnibusverkehr Rhein-Nahe ). It uses mainly Midi low-floor buses built by MAN . Most journeys made by bus 223 are arranged in response to demand . Moreover, many regional buses also serve Idstein, linking important areas not served by

779-504: The House of Nassau, as originally stipulated in the Nassau Family Pact. She became the grand duchy's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919, was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte , who married Felix of Bourbon-Parma , a prince of the former Duchy of Parma . Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau , and also constitute

820-611: The Luxembourg budget included €10.1 million for the grand duke's household costs. Succession to the throne was governed by Salic law , as dictated by the Nassau Family Pact , first adopted on 30 June 1783. The right to reign over Luxembourg was until June 2011 passed by agnatic-cognatic primogeniture within the House of Nassau , as stipulated under the 1815 Final Act of the Congress of Vienna and as confirmed by

861-472: The Nassau-Viertel for €19,000,000. The town is subsidizing the more than €2,500,000 plot on Bundesstraße 275 and the yearly €500,000 operating costs. For the manufacturer, it is, with its cupola, biomass power plant and natural bathing pond a demonstration project near Frankfurt Airport . The Unionskirche , whose outer appearance is quite plain, holds within its splendour. The building history of

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902-548: The Old Town's north end with the castle and palace crags, behind which the two brooks run together. On the Wolfsbach, remnants of the like-named, now forsaken village can still be made out. The estate agent Gassenbach in the town's south goes back to an old settlement called Gassenbach; for the last few years, it has belonged to the Domäne Mechtildshausen , an organic farming operation. West of town, beyond

943-623: The Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis). The town is made up of a main town bearing the same name as the whole and eleven other, formerly independent villages: Until 1977, Idstein belonged to the Untertaunuskreis (district seat, Bad Schwalbach ), which in the course of district reform was merged with the Rheingau-Kreis into the new Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis . With about 25,700 inhabitants, Idstein is the second biggest town in

984-696: The Wörsbach valley, lies another high ridge with peaks ranging from the Hohe Kanzel (592 m or 1,942 ft) to the Roßberg (426 m or 1,398 ft) and the Rügert (402 m or 1,319 ft) to the Rosenkippel (379 m or 1,243 ft); to the south, the Galgenberg (348 m or 1,142 ft) forms another high area over to the Dasbach Heath. Just under the western heights run

1025-401: The bigger businesses in town are, for instance, Motorola Solutions Germany GmbH, Serviceware SE, Jack Wolfskin , DG-Verlag (distribution and logistics), ERNST SCHMITZ Logistics & Technical Services GmbH, Black & Decker Deutschland GmbH, INGENIUMDESIGN, Hochschule Fresenius gGmbH, Lebensmittelmärkte Uwe Georg e.K. and Titleist . Another important employer and factor in the economy

1066-562: The church, originally consecrated to Saint Martin of Tours as a monastery church, reaches back to the 13th century. In the mid 14th century a new building in the Gothic style arose, which was remodeled in the 17th century. In 1553 Idstein turned Lutheran . The church was decorated in Baroque style in the 17th century, unusually rich for a Protestant church. The ceiling in the main nave was thoroughly covered with large-scale oil paintings from

1107-485: The churches, the Kalmenhof itself, in the course of Aktion Brandt , became a killing institute; patients here were murdered with poison injections. Shortly after the war, reports of young wards being mishandled came to light. Eleven formerly independent villages were merged as of 1971 into Idstein, under the framework of municipal reform. (as of 31 December) The town's arms might be described thus: Azure

1148-401: The district (after Taunusstein ). Idstein, which had its first documentary mention in 1102 as Etichenstein , was granted town and market rights in 1287 by King Rudolph of Habsburg . Besides the above-mentioned Hexenturm near the old Nassau castle, the town has a mediaeval town centre with many timber-frame buildings. The town's oldest preserved house was originally built in 1410. From

1189-527: The documentary mention in 1102 until 1721, Idstein was, with interruptions, residence of the Counts of Nassau-Idstein and other Nassau lines. One of the Counts, Adolf of Germany , was, as a compromise candidate, the Holy Roman Emperor from 1292 to 1298, later falling in battle against the anti-king Albrecht I of Habsburg . The Nassau Counts' holdings were subdivided many times among heirs, with

1230-561: The edge of the Old Town lay empty and were used until the 1980s as a carpark. Today, new shops and apartments surround the Löherplatz, which is now a marketplace. The private Kalmenhof clinic in Idstein was drawn into the Nazi Euthanasia programme. Under Action T4 , the Kalmenhof served as a way station for Hadamar killing centre . After the gassings at Hadamar came to an end in the face of public protests, especially from

1271-524: The female line only upon extinction of male members of the dynasty . When William III died leaving only his daughter Wilhelmina as an heir, the crown of the Netherlands, not being bound by the family pact, passed to Wilhelmina. However, the crown of Luxembourg passed to a male of another branch of the House of Nassau: Adolphe , the dispossessed Duke of Nassau and head of the branch of Nassau-Weilburg . In 1905, Grand Duke Adolphe's younger half-brother, Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau , died, having left

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1312-429: The hospital moved into a new €22,000,000, 90-bed building on an 18,000 m (190,000 sq ft) plot on Robert-Koch-Straße. The state provided a subsidy of €17,200,000 (earlier, €3,000,000 came from the district, which had forgone part of the buying price for the former district hospitals at Idstein und Bad Schwalbach). A partly prefabricated all-weather pool came into being (after some delays) in spring 2010 in

1353-406: The north on the town of Bad Camberg ( Limburg-Weilburg ) and the community of Waldems (Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis), in the east on the community of Glashütten ( Hochtaunuskreis ), in the southeast on the town of Eppstein ( Main-Taunus-Kreis ), in the south on the community of Niedernhausen , in the southwest on the town of Taunusstein and in the west on the community of Hünstetten (all three in

1394-519: The palace itself in the 17th century, this area also underwent far-reaching changes, partly losing its defensive functions, which, it is worth noting, were no longer up to date anyway. The castle's keep , known as the Hexenturm , 42 m or 138 ft tall, walls more than 3 m or 9.8 ft thick, even given overall diameter of just under 12 m or 39 ft, is Idstein's oldest building. Dendrochronological borings show that work began on

1435-440: The parts being brought together again whenever a line died out. This yielded an older Nassau-Idstein line from 1480 to 1509, later merging once again with Nassau-Wiesbaden and Nassau-Weilburg and, from 1629 to 1721, a newer Nassau-Idstein line. In the 17th century, Count Johann of Nassau-Idstein persecuted witches in Idstein. In 1721, Idstein passed to Nassau-Ottweiler, and in 1728 to Nassau-Usingen, thereby losing its status as

1476-471: The titles are held without regard to the strict rules of Salic inheritance and that most, save for Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Duke of Nassau, are simply not used. Under the 1783 Nassau Family Pact , those territories of the Nassau family in the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the pact (Luxembourg and Nassau ) were bound by semi- Salic law , which allowed inheritance by females or through

1517-651: The town bus as they go. Since timetable changes in July 2007, many journeys, particularly on weekends or in the evening, have been served by demand-responsive buses. Bus services in the countryside around Idstein (the Idsteiner Land ) are likewise run by ORN, which contracts the work out to companies such as Omnibus Mester from Eppstein-Bremthal, Omnibus Weber, Paul-Reisen or Wahl-Reisen (all from Hünstetten). Roughly 200 small and midsize businesses, mainly in crafts and retail sales, characterize Idstein's business life; four out of every five have fewer than ten employees. Among

1558-551: The town core, roundabouts have improved the traffic flow, in some places noticeably. The Südtangente (south "tangent" road), which had been planned since 1981, was completed in 2009, reducing traffic in town further. It links two new development areas. Of the €9,000,000 for the project, roughly 60% was borne by the state of Hesse. Within Idstein town limits are two railway stations on the Main-Lahn Railway ( Main-Lahn-Bahn ), Idstein and Wörsdorf. Hourly trains serving

1599-599: The town hosted the 42nd Hessentag state festival. Idstein lies in the Taunus mountain range, about 16 kilometres (10 miles) north of Wiesbaden . The town's landmark is the Hexenturm ( Witches' Tower ), a 12th-century bergfried and part of Idstein Castle . The Old Town is found between the two brooks running through town, the Wolfsbach in the east and the Wörsbach in the west, on a high ridge reaching up to 400 m (1,300 ft) above sea level . This comes to an end in

1640-470: Was done by Carlo Maria Pozzi. At the main entrance door is a great alliance coat of arms of Count Johann and his consort from about 1635. The palace has been home to the Pestalozzischule since 1946 and may be visited on guided tours. The castle in the area stretching from the gateway arch building on the town side to the bridge over to the Schloss arose between 1497 and 1588. With the remodelling done on

1681-634: Was replaced with absolute primogeniture , allowing any legitimate female descendants within the House of Nassau to be included in the line of succession. The traditional titulatures of the Grand Duke are By the Grace of God , Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau , Count Palatine of the Rhine , Count of Sayn , Königstein , Katzenelnbogen and Diez , Burgrave of Hammerstein , Lord of Mahlberg , Wiesbaden , Idstein , Merenberg , Limburg and Eppstein . It should, however, be noted that many of

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