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79-524: Columbia College is distinctive for its comprehensive Core Curriculum and is among the most selective of American colleges, with an admission rate of 3.85% in 2024. Columbia College was founded as King's College in 1754 in the Province of New York by royal charter from King George II of Great Britain . Owing in part to the influence of the Church of England , a site was chosen for the new college within

158-452: A Eurocentric or Anglocentric society by solely focusing on the works of " dead white men ". Largely driven by student protests, the Core in recent decades has been revised to add focus on non-Western cultures, as well as postcolonial works to the literature and philosophy sequences. The most recent major addition to the Core was made in the 2000s with the addition of "Frontiers of Science",

237-560: A foreign language; two semesters of the Global Core; and two semesters of physical education. Students are also required to pass a swimming test before receiving their diplomas, a common feature among Ivy League colleges. Undergraduates in the School of Engineering and Applied Science take approximately half of Columbia College's Core requirements. They are required to take either "Literature Humanities", "Contemporary Civilization", or

316-414: A group of other students from King's College, he joined a volunteer militia company called the " Hearts of Oak " and achieved the rank of Lieutenant. They adopted distinctive uniforms, complete with the words "Liberty or Death" on their hatbands, and drilled under the watchful eye of a former British officer in the graveyard of the nearby St. Paul's Chapel . In August 1775, while under fire from HMS Asia ,

395-568: A more elective system. Some historians see the change as a response to social activism—the civil rights, feminist, and various other social movements saw the Core Curriculum as an inflexible way to promote the canon of "dead white males" and as a failure to acknowledge the essential contributions of other global cultures. Others interpret it as a concession to increasing calls for earlier specialization to prepare students for post-graduate scientific and professional studies. The Extended Core

474-573: A number of governors fled to Canada and the West Indies. In 1784, it became the Board of Regents of Columbia College after the former King's College was reinstated. The 1784 charter also stipulated that eight of the seats on the board should be held by ranking state officials ex officio, with the remaining 24 regents to be appointed, two each, from the state's 12 counties, with only three places reserved for New York City residents. The number of regents

553-488: A scientific literacy course, to the curriculum. Early instruction at Columbia College, from its founding in 1754 as King's College, almost entirely revolved around the study of the classics , and entering students were expected to already be fluent in Ancient Greek and Latin . Through most of the 19th century, all students were prescribed a single course of studies, save for a period of time beginning in 1830, when

632-461: A state institution, returning to earlier status as a privately governed college serving the city. None of the college's trustees were to be state officials, and all replacements were to be elected by incumbent board members. Only until 1908 did the board start accepting alumni nominations. The board arrived at its final name of The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York by an order from

711-521: A swimming test before receiving their diploma. The foreign language requirement, however, may be skipped if the student passes a placement exam or demonstrates requisite proficiency. Most students graduate within four years with a Bachelor of Arts degree . Most of the college's facilities are located on Columbia University's Morningside Heights campus, especially in Hamilton Hall , which houses its administrative and admissions offices, as well as

790-511: A system wherein roughly half of a student's courses would be electives, and the other half required by the faculty, though his stance would lose ground at the college over the following decades. However, this began to change starting in the 1880 with the introduction of the modern language requirement; Columbia dropped Ancient Greek as an entrance examination requirement in 1897, and Latin in 1916. This gradual thaw, along with university's move to Morningside Heights just prior to World War I , set

869-504: A trend towards applicants applying to more than seven different institutions – an increasingly "scattershot approach" when compared to applications in the 1990s. Columbia College (including Columbia Engineering ) has an admittance rate that places it among the most selective of American colleges. For the fall term of 2010, there were 26,178 applicants for 2,397 placements in the Class of 2014, for an acceptance rate of 9.16%. By

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948-493: A variety of denominations as a response to its growing reputation as one of the finest institutions of higher learning in the new nation. Columbia was located at its Park Place campus near New York City Hall for nearly a century, from approximately 1760 to 1857, at which point the college moved to 49th Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan . During the college's forty years at this third location, in addition to granting

1027-466: A whole relocated to the new campus in 1897. The academic history of traditions of Columbia College clearly had their beginnings in the classical education of the Enlightenment, and in this mold, the college's famous Core Curriculum was officially recognized and codified in 1919 with John Erskine's first seminar on the great books of the western tradition. Also in 1919, a course, War and Peace,

1106-653: The Archbishop of Canterbury , the rector of Trinity Church , and the President of Columbia University , and they were offset by four ex officio members selected from New York 's Dutch Reformed Church , French Protestant church, Lutheran Church , and Presbyterian Church . In practice, the board was dominated by Anglicans , members of the Trinity Church , and the Dutch Reformed Church . Of

1185-660: The Bachelor of Arts and Doctor of Medicine degrees, the faculties of the college were expanded to include the Columbia Law School (founded 1858), the Columbia School of Mines (founded 1864, now known as the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science ). The Columbia School of Mines awarded the first Ph.D. from Columbia in 1875. At this time, Columbia College was now not only

1264-412: The "principles of taste and criticism", logic, and English and modern European literature; seniors, differential and integral calculus , mechanics, philosophy and religion, and English composition. The adoption of mandatory German was made that year, following a $ 20,000 bequest from Frederick Gebhard which established the university's German department, though it was soon made optional in 1847. By

1343-551: The 24 candidates are nominated from a pool of candidates selected by the Columbia Alumni Association. Another six are nominated by the board in consultation with the University Senate. The remaining 12 are nominated by the trustees through an internal process. The board elects its own chair; the first woman to serve as chair, and the first to chair the governing board of any Ivy League university,

1422-665: The City of New York is the governing board of Columbia University in New York City . Founded in 1754, it is sometimes referred to as the Columbia Corporation. The Trustees of Columbia University is a 501(c)3 and the owner of the property and real assets of the university. They are legally distinct from affiliates of the university, which include Barnard College , Jewish Theological Seminary , Teachers College , and Union Theological Seminary , which are themselves separate legal entities. The board of trustees

1501-406: The Core Curriculum are also completed by students in the School of Engineering and Applied Science and the School of General Studies , the other two undergraduate colleges of Columbia University. Later in its history, especially in the 1990s, it became a heavily contested form of learning, seen by some as an appropriate foundation of a liberal arts education, and by others as a tool of promoting

1580-406: The Global Core; either "Art Humanities" or "Music Humanities"; and "University Writing"; in addition to two semesters of physical education. The "Technical Core" consists of the semester-long "The Art of Engineering", as well as requirements in calculus, chemistry, computer science, and physics. Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York The Trustees of Columbia University in

1659-623: The Hearts of Oak (the "Corsicans") participated in a successful raid to seize cannon from the Battery , becoming an artillery unit thereafter. Ironically, in 1776 Captain Hamilton would engage in the Battle of Harlem Heights , which took place on and around the site that would later become home to his alma mater more than a century later, only to be entombed after his dueling death some years later at

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1738-553: The Morningside Heights main campus or within 10 blocks of the 116th Street entrance. First-year students are housed on the main quad in John Jay , Carman , Wallach , Hartley and Furnald Halls . The two main dining facilities are John Jay Dining Hall and Ferris Booth Commons; all freshmen are required to have a full meal plan. Other school dining facilities available on the Morningside Heights campus are located in

1817-463: The Supreme Court of New York in 1912, 16 years after Columbia College was renamed as Columbia University. Although the trustees usually approve faculty recommendations for hiring and dismissal of Columbia faculty, in some cases they have taken a more direct role. Notably, in 1917 they fired psychologist James McKeen Cattell for his anti-war and anti-conscription views, a case significant in

1896-731: The Trinity Church site to one along Park Place, near the city commons and today's New York City Hall . In 1767, Samuel Bard established a medical college at the school, now known as the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , which was the first medical school to grant the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree in America. Due to the American Revolutionary War , instruction

1975-720: The board count among them PBS president Lawrence K. Grossman , Thomson Reuters CEO Tom Glocer , hedge fund manager Mark E. Kingdon , Bain Capital co-managing partner Jonathan Lavine , Univision CFO Frank Lopez-Balboa, airline investor Frank Lorenzo , real estate developer Philip L. Milstein , H.I.G. Capital founder Sami Mnaymneh, KKR executive Alex Navab , C-SPAN co-founder Robert Rosencrans , Tishman Speyer CEO Rob Speyer , healthcare entrepreneur Daniel E. Straus . Many eminent individuals have attended or taught at Columbia College or King's College, its predecessor. Among those College alumni categorized as "remarkable" by

2054-694: The board currently include ZhenFund CEO Anna Fang , JP Morgan Chase global head of research Joyce Chang, Virtu Financial CEO Doug Cifu, Academy Award -winning producer Dede Gardner , former NYC Commissioner for Consumer and Worker Protection Peter Hatch , USRowing Chairman and president Nobuhisa Ishizuka, HEICO co-president Eric Mendelson, Sixth Street Partners co-founder Vijay Mohan, Warner Bros. General Counsel John Rogovin, Morgan Stanley 's global head of technology Robert Rooney, HNA Group CEO Tan Xiangdong , former FTC Commissioner Mozelle W. Thompson , Happy Family CEO Shazi Visram , and hedge fund manager William von Mueffling . Former members of

2133-480: The board of governors, at variance with contemporary practice at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge , where the faculty was engaged in the governance of their colleges, but was very much in line with practice of other colonial colleges governed by external boards. The charter permitted Protestants to serve as governors but excluded Roman Catholics and Jews . Only three members would be Anglicans :

2212-546: The cause for which one is fighting is a powerful weapon in the hands of an intelligent man." In 1928, "Contemporary Civilization" was enlarged and split into two courses: "Introduction to Contemporary Civilization in the West" or "CC-A", focusing on Western history from 1200 to the present, and "Contemporary Problems in the United States" or "CC-B", which emphasized questions of modern politics and economics. In 1932, "CC-B"

2291-436: The central administration of the university. The complexity of managing the institution had been further increased when Barnard College for Women became affiliated with Columbia in 1889 followed by Teachers College of Columbia University in 1891. Also by this time, graduate faculties issuing the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in philosophy, political science, and the natural sciences had also developed. Thus, in 1896,

2370-443: The chart-topping alt-rock band Vampire Weekend . Among its graduates and attendees, Columbia College can count at least 16 Nobel Prize winners, 8 Emmy Award winners, 8 Tony Award winners, over 20 Academy Award winners, and 40 Pulitzer Prize winners. 40°48′28″N 73°57′46″W  /  40.8079°N 73.9628°W  / 40.8079; -73.9628 Core Curriculum (Columbia College) The Core Curriculum

2449-533: The churchyard of Trinity Church on Broadway opposite Wall Street in New York City. The college remained at this site for less than a decade. The college chose Samuel Johnson to be its first president. He was also the college's first (and for a time only) professor. During this period, classes and examinations, both oral and written, were conducted entirely in Latin . By 1760, Columbia had relocated from

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2528-611: The college introduced the "Literary and Scientific course" in addition to the standard curriculum, which was dubbed the "Full course". The former was open to the public with no expectations of attendance, and was discontinued in 1843. In the "Full course", as set out in the 1843 revision of the college's statutes, in addition to four years of the classics and German , freshmen were to study algebra, geometry, and English grammar and composition; sophomores, trigonometry and solid geometry , levelling , navigation, chemistry, physics, and rhetoric; juniors, "practical astronomy", chemistry, geology,

2607-539: The college steward. This informal division of duties survived the reorganization of the King's College into Columbia College and persisted into the 1960s. In terms of politics, the ratio of Loyalists to Patriots during the American Revolution among the governors was more than eight to one. The college was severely affected by the revolutionary war, which forced the college to shut down for eight years and

2686-463: The control of a private board of trustees in 1787. The board is notable for having administered the Pulitzer Prize from the prize's establishment until 1975. As of 2024, the trustees consists of 21 members and is co-chaired by David Greenwald and Claire Shipman . The board is governed by a maximum of 24 trustees, including the president of the university , who serves ex officio. Six of

2765-538: The core curriculum at the University of Chicago . The course was discontinued in 1929, but was resurrected three years later as the "Colloquium in Important Books". The Great Books curriculum was officially incorporated into the Core in 1937 with the inauguration of the humanities sequence, which consisted of "Humanities A", a first-year survey of Western literature and philosophy from classical antiquity to

2844-564: The directors of the Core Curriculum. Butler Library , Columbia University's main library, is home to more than 2 million volumes of the university's humanities collection. The facility recently underwent an extensive four-year renovation, including the creation of a new wing, named Philip L. Milstein Family College Library in honor of its donor. Included is a specialized collection of approximately 100,000 volumes containing subject matter in history, literature, philosophy, and

2923-532: The end of the 18th century, and "Humanities B", a sophomore elective that covered the visual arts and music. Structured after "Contemporary Civilization", "Humanities A" expected students to read one book per week, a workload that placed unique burdens on freshmen. "Humanities A" would eventually morph into the modern "Masterpieces of Western Literature" course, while "Humanities B" split into "Music Humanities" and "Art Humanities" in 1941. The list of books read in "Literature Humanities" would constantly shift over time;

3002-477: The exclusive power to grant degrees, including, by memoranda of understanding, to the affiliated institutions of Barnard College and Teachers College . The trustees also oversaw the Pulitzer Prizes until 1975, when authority over the prizes was devolved to a separate board. The board of trustees was originally established in 1754 as the board of governors of King's College with 41 members, replacing

3081-403: The fall term of 2024, applications had more than doubled, with 60,248 applicants for 2,319 placements in the Class of 2028, for an acceptance rate of 3.85%. Columbia College has long been known for its rigorous Core Curriculum , a series of mandatory classes and distribution requirements that form the heart of Columbia College students' academic experience. Students are also required to pass

3160-545: The fifty-nine men who served as governors, only three ex officio members were not from the Anglican or Dutch Reformed churches. More than half of the fifty-nine New Yorkers who served as governor made their livings as merchants. The next most common occupation among the governors was law (20 percent), followed by ministers (16 percent), and there was only one doctor. The governors met 102 times in 22 years and most meetings were attended by around fifteen governors. A quarter of

3239-706: The first Chief Justice of the United States ; Robert Livingston , one of the Committee of Five who drafted the Declaration of Independence ; and Gouverneur Morris , one of the Committee of Detail who finished the last draft of the United States Constitution . Hamilton's first experience with the military came while a student during the summer of 1775, after the outbreak of fighting at Boston . Along with Nicholas Fish , Robert Troup , and

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3318-420: The first female author to be included in the curriculum was Jane Austen with the addition of Pride and Prejudice to the syllabus in 1985, two years after Columbia College became coeducational, while the first Black author to be incorporated into "Literature Humanities" was Toni Morrison , whose Song of Solomon was added in 2015. In the later half of the 20th century, many US universities moved towards

3397-480: The focus of the newly rearranged Columbia University , Low was also responsible for the monumental relocation of the university to its current location atop a hill in Morningside Heights in uptown Manhattan . A tract for the campus was purchased, which extended from 114th St. to 120th St. between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue . Charles McKim of McKim, Mead, and White was selected to design

3476-403: The governors attended fewer than ten meetings, and another half were absent, leaving a core of sixteen governors. Academic matters such as faculty appointments, the curriculum, and admissions requirements were overseen by degree-bearing ministers, while governors drawing from the city's mercantile and legal ranks oversaw financial matters such as construction of collegiate buildings or the salary of

3555-462: The highest since the early 1970s. In the 1980s and 1990s, the college experienced a drastic increase in gifts and endowment growth, propelling it from the periphery to the forefront of a university historically dominated by its graduate & professional schools. During the leadership of university presidents Michael Sovern and George Erik Rupp , many of Columbia College's facilities were extensively expanded and renovated. The number of residence halls

3634-479: The history of academic freedom . The trustees' oversight of the Pulitzer Prizes , which ended in 1975, was not without controversy. An early example of this occurred in 1921, when the trustees overruled the jury recommendation and awarded the fiction prize to Edith Wharton for The Age of Innocence instead of the recommendation of Sinclair Lewis for Main Street . A similar controversy ensued in 1962, when

3713-399: The late 1960s. The scores were, however, similar to other Ivy schools except Harvard , Yale , and Princeton —a position not acceptable to Columbia's ambitious administration. After two committees reported in 1980 and 1981 that the all-male college's competitiveness with other Ivy League universities was decreasing, women were admitted in 1983. The median SAT score of the class of 1991 was

3792-455: The late-19th century, many American universities, including Harvard, had seen a trend towards more elective programs. President Frederick A. P. Barnard was an early supporter of this movement—in 1872, Yale President Noah Porter criticized him as one of "the educational reformers who should know better" for his advocacy in favor of elective curricula and his support for Charles William Eliot of Harvard. During his tenure he managed to establish

3871-1962: The list. Major publishers included were Alfred Knopf , Arthur Sulzberger , and Bennett Cerf . Rabbi Stephen Wise is also considered prominent. Columbia College graduates recognized in the arts include pianist Emanuel Ax , actor James Cagney , musician Art Garfunkel , composers Richard Rodgers and John Corigliano , lyricists Oscar Hammerstein II and Lorenz Hart , playwrights Samuel Spewack , Tony Kushner and Terrence McNally , writers Jack Kerouac , Allen Ginsberg , Herman Wouk , John Berryman , Thomas Merton , Clement Clarke Moore , Ben Coes , and Clifton Fadiman , screenwriter Herman Mankiewicz , filmmaker Joseph Mankiewicz , sculptor Isamu Noguchi , and violinist Gil Shaham . Architects James Renwick Jr. , Robert A.M. Stern , engineer William Barclay Parsons , baseball player Lou Gehrig , football player Sid Luckman , and business leader John Kluge were also Columbia College students. Additionally, highly visible former Columbia College students in recent years include former President Barack Obama , former United States Attorney General William Barr , and former Attorneys General Michael Mukasey and Eric Holder , New York Governor David Paterson , New Hampshire Senator Judd Gregg , former New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey , Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti , Texas Congressman Beto O'Rourke , New York Congressman Jerry Nadler , Estonian president Toomas Hendrik Ilves , political advisor and commentator George Stephanopoulos , actors Maggie Gyllenhaal , Jake Gyllenhaal , Anna Paquin , Casey Affleck , Amanda Peet , Matthew Fox , Timothée Chalamet , George Segal , Julia Stiles , Cinta Laura , and Kate McKinnon , radio personality Max Kellerman , directors Jim Jarmusch , Brian De Palma and Bill Condon , television showrunners Jenji Kohan and Beau Willimon , writer Paul Auster , historian Eric Foner , and

3950-468: The name of the original undergraduate college founded as King's College, but it also encompassed all of the other colleges and schools of the institution. (Though technically known as the "School of Arts", the undergraduate division was often called "The College proper " to avoid confusion.) After Seth Low became president of Columbia College in 1890, he advocated the division of the individual schools and colleges into their own semi-autonomous entities under

4029-572: The new campus, which was to be patterned after the buildings of the Italian Renaissance . While most American universities at this point had followed more medieval and Gothic styles of architecture, the neoclassical style of the new Columbia University campus was meant to reflect the institution's roots in the Enlightenment and the spirit of intellectual discovery of the period. Columbia College and Columbia University as

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4108-400: The oldest course of the Core Curriculum, which faculty presented as a "peace issues" course intended to confront the realities of the post-war era. Writing about "Contemporary Civilization", Dean Herbert Hawkes stated that "its significance rested on the fundamental principle that in the long run man's accomplishment can rise no higher than his ideals, and that an understanding of the worth of

4187-474: The original home of King's College in Trinity Church yard. With the successful Treaty of Paris in 1783, the domestic situation was stable enough for the college to resume classes in 1784. With the new nation's independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain , the name of the institution was changed from King's College to Columbia College, the name by which the institution continues to be known today. The college

4266-519: The police for their efforts. In 2001, the trustees were accused of pressuring the university to water down its sexual misconduct policy, and the director of the Office of Sexual Misconduct Prevention and Education resigned in protest, claiming that the trustees had directed her not to discuss the policy changes. As with most governing boards of private universities, the deliberations of the trustees are confidential, and despite any internal disagreements

4345-623: The proposed expansion plan. A fence at the site was torn down, and police arrested one student, whose release became one of the demands of the protest. After five days, the functions of the university were brought to a halt, and early on the morning of April 30 the students were forcibly removed by the New York City Police Department . As a result of the student protests, the university president Grayson L. Kirk retired, classified research projects on campus were abruptly ended, long-standing ROTC programs were expelled, and

4424-405: The proposed expansion plans were canceled. The university experienced financial difficulties throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, and admissions standards in the college slightly relaxed to hasten the diversification of the student body following the 1968 protests. Paralleling a national trend after 1970, Columbia classes in the 1970s and 1980s, earned lower SAT scores than did Columbia students in

4503-458: The public. The college's board of visitors is an independent and self-governing advisory body composed of college alumni and parents. The board advocates for the interest of the college among the Columbia community, New York city and beyond. It also provides advice to the dean in identifying and addressing both immediate challenges and short-and long-term opportunities for the college. Members of

4582-627: The recently remodeled student center, Alfred Lerner Hall , Faculty House, and Uris Hall. In 2011, after the resignation of Michele Moody-Adams , James Valentini replaced her as Dean of Columbia College. The students of Columbia College elect the Columbia College Student Council (CCSC) to serve as their primary representative, advocate, and liaison to the Columbia University community, including its administration, faculty, alumni and students, as well as to

4661-454: The semester-long "University Writing" ("UW"), and the semester-long "Frontiers of Science" ("FroSci"). All sophomores are required to take a year of "Contemporary Civilization" ("CC"). The other requirements, which can be completed any year, include a semester of "Masterpieces of Western Music" ("Music Humanities" or "Music Hum"); a semester of "Masterpieces of Western Art" ("Art Humanities" or "Art Hum"); two semesters of science; four semesters of

4740-682: The social sciences specifically intended to complement the Columbia College curriculum. The collection of the Columbia University Libraries consists of more than 9.2 million volumes held in 25 specialized libraries as well as a digital library, however Columbia College students do not have unlimited access to all specialized libraries. Students at Columbia College are guaranteed campus housing for four years. Residence halls, which also house undergraduate students of Columbia's engineering school , are either located on

4819-551: The stage for a major change in curricular focus in the early 20th century. In 1917, the United States Army commissioned the university to create a "war issues" course in order to educate the Student Army Training Corps , and to explain the causes of WWI and the reasons for US involvement in the conflict. Following the war, in 1919, this course was transformed into "Contemporary Civilization,"

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4898-602: The ten-member Lottery Commission appointed by the New York Assembly to oversee lottery funds allocated to the establishment of the college. The board of governors originally included several ex officio members, including, crown officials, members of the colonial government, and ministers of various Protestant denominations: A further twenty-four individuals were named in the charter, serving without terms with their successors to be selected by subsequent governors. College faculty were not provided seats ex officio on

4977-514: The trustees generally present a unified front to the public on the decisions they have taken. A notable exception to this occurred in 2012, when trustee José A. Cabranes published a dissenting opinion on the status of Columbia College and its core curriculum within the university, in a column in Columbia's student newspaper, the Columbia Daily Spectator . During the 2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation

5056-429: The trustees of Columbia College, under the guidance of Seth Low, approved a new name for the university as a whole, Columbia University in the City of New York . At this point, the name Columbia College returned to being used solely to refer to the original undergraduate college, founded as King's College in 1754 and renamed Columbia College in 1784. In addition to reclaiming the identity of Columbia College and making it

5135-482: The trustees overruled the jury's choice of a biography of William Randolph Hearst by W. A. Swanberg , Citizen Hearst , instead choosing to give no award in that category. The trustees have been blamed for the violent suppression of protestors in the Columbia University protests of 1968 , after they instructed the university administration to call in the police against the protestors and later lauded

5214-1299: The university during its 250th anniversary celebrations in 2004 were Founding Fathers of the United States Alexander Hamilton , John Jay , and Gouverneur Morris (author of Preamble to the U.S. Constitution , "We, The People"). Other political figures in this group include statesman and educator Nicholas Murray Butler , New York Governor DeWitt Clinton , U.S. Secretary of State Hamilton Fish , South African anti- apartheid leader Pixley ka Isaka Seme , Chinese diplomat Wellington Koo , many New York City mayors, including Seth Low and John Purroy Mitchel , as well as spymaster William Joseph Donovan . Academics listed include philosophers Mortimer Adler and Irwin Edman , historians Jacques Barzun and Alfred Thayer Mahan , economist Arthur Burns , paleontologist Niles Eldredge , drama scholar Brander Matthews , art historian Meyer Schapiro and literary critic Lionel Trilling . Public intellectuals and journalists, including broadcaster Roone Arledge , social critic Randolph Bourne , environmentalist Barry Commoner , and writers like Henry Demarest Lloyd and Norman Podhoretz are also prominent on

5293-413: The university's campus into Morningside Park and to protest the university's sponsorship of classified military research. University officials wished to build new gymnasium facilities in the park, which, while located directly adjacent to the university, is separated by a steep cliff. Plans to create separate entrances for students and local residents was the primary objection of the student protesters to

5372-555: Was Gertrude Michelson , elected in 1989. The term of office for the trustees is six years and trustees serve for no more than two consecutive terms. The trustees have met in dedicated room in Low Memorial Library since 1897. They select the President, oversee all faculty and senior administrative appointments, monitor the budget, supervise the endowment, and protect university property. The board of trustees holds

5451-523: Was briefly chartered as a state institution, lasting only until 1787, when due to a lack of public financial support the school was permitted to incorporate under a private board of trustees . This 1787 charter remains in effect. The renamed and reorganized college, located in the new national capital under the Constitution and free from its association with the Church of England, received students from

5530-405: Was created in 1990 following a report from professor Wm. Theodore de Bary in which he urged the university to expand the Core to include topics in non-Western cultures, in line with its original mission to facilitate discussion in contemporary issues. It consisted of a requirement that students take two courses in non-Western cultures from a list drawn up by the Committee on the Core Curriculum, and

5609-508: Was established in 1947 by de Bary as "Oriental Humanities". The most recent addition to the Core is "Frontiers of Science", which includes a set of analytical approaches that apply to all disciplines of science. "Frontiers of Science" is taught as four three-week units: two from the physical sciences and two from the life sciences. All first-year students in Columbia College must take the year-long "Masterpieces of Western Literature" course (also known as "Literature Humanities" or "Lit Hum"),

5688-472: Was increased to accommodate all Columbia College students for all four years of the undergraduate education. Hamilton Hall , the primary academic building of Columbia College has undergone extensive renovations, and the college's athletic facilities, located at Baker Field Athletics Complex on Manhattan 's far northern tip at 218th Street , were renovated and expanded. Like other elite schools, Columbia has been attracting ever higher numbers of applicants, with

5767-618: Was originally composed of ex officio members including officials from the New York colonial government , crown officials, and various Protestant ministers from the city. Following the college's resuscitation following the American Revolutionary War , it was placed under the control of the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York , and the university would finally come under

5846-523: Was originally developed as the main curriculum used by Columbia College of Columbia University in 1919. Created in the wake of World War I , it became the framework for many similar educational models throughout the United States , and has played an influential role in the incorporation of the concept of Western civilization into the American college curriculum. Today, customized versions of

5925-549: Was required of all Columbia College students in addition to the Great Books Honors Seminar. During the 1960s, Columbia College, like many others across the United States, experienced unrest and turmoil due to the ongoing civil rights movement and opposition to the Vietnam War . On April 23, 1968, more than 1,000 students forcefully occupied five campus buildings in protest to the proposed expansion of

6004-553: Was revised in the face of the Great Depression to center the questions of economic security, institutions, and policies. The course was dropped altogether in 1968, while the "CC-A" syllabus was overhauled to focus on politics and revolution in response to the 1968 student protests , and evolved into the course it is today. The "General Honors" course was instituted in 1920, formed around a list of " Great Books " created by professor John Erskine , who would go on to create

6083-418: Was soon renamed to "Major Cultures". Following a 2007 hunger strike which called for increased funding ethnic studies, a reform of the Core, and revisions to the university's Manhattanville expansion plan, Major Cultures was replaced in 2008 with the Global Core. The oldest course in the Global Core is the "Colloquium on Major Texts", more commonly known as "Asian Humanities", a course on Asian classics which

6162-558: Was subsequently expanded to 33 by the New York State Legislature , with 20 of them residents of New York City, including a mix of prominent politicians and clergymen such as John Jay , Samuel Provoost , Leonard Lispenard , Gershom Mendes Seixas , and John Daniel Gros . It was renamed in a new 1787 charter as the Trustees of Columbia College in the City of New York, and the college was relieved of its duties as

6241-535: Was suspended from 1776 until 1784, but by the beginning of the war, the college had already educated some of the nation's foremost political leaders, such as Alexander Hamilton , who served as military aide to General George Washington , initiated and authored most of The Federalist Papers , and served as the first Secretary of the Treasury ; John Jay , author of several of the Federalist Papers and

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