Ballroom dance is a set of European partner dances , which are enjoyed both socially and competitively around the world, mostly because of its performance and entertainment aspects. Ballroom dancing is also widely enjoyed on stage, film, and television.
81-647: Come Dancing is a British ballroom dancing competition show made by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) which aired on BBC One at various intervals from 1950 to 1998. Unlike its subsequent follow-up show, Strictly Come Dancing , contestants were neither celebrities nor professionals. The show was created by Eric Morley , the founder of Miss World , in 1949, and began by broadcasting from regional ballroom studios owned by Mecca , with professional dancers Syd Perkin and Edna Duffield on hand to offer teaching. Its original format
162-710: A cardiovascular system that can work at a high energy level in order to match the given physiological strain. Previously known as Wheelchair dancesport until it was rebranded in 2016, Para dancesport consists of couples can competing in two kinds of events: combi (one standing partner and one wheelchair partner) or duo (both dancers are in wheelchairs). Disciplines contested in Para dance sport are: standard, Latin, singles and freestyle. Disciplines in couples events are combi standard, combi Latin, combi freestyle, duo standard, duo Latin and duo freestyle. The Freestyle and singles disciplines were introduced in 2014. Both were contested for
243-697: A closed hold or singly and then coming back together. It is performed as an American Rhythm dance. Samba is the national dance of Brazil . The rhythm of samba and its name originated from the language and culture of West African slaves. In 1905, samba became known to other countries during an exhibition in Paris. In the 1940s, samba was introduced in America through Carmen Miranda . The international version of Ballroom Samba has been based on an early version of Brazilian Samba called Maxixe, but has since developed away and differs strongly from Brazilian Ballroom Samba, which
324-520: A few rounds of a competition. In 1988, an Australian study was conducted to determine the heart rate and estimated energy expended during ballroom dancing. Professors Blanksby and Reidy of the Department of Human Movement and Recreation Studies at the University of Western had ten competitive ballroom dance couples simulate a dancesport competition, dancing their competitive routines in either
405-534: A heart rate above 150 beats min . They also classify an exercise as extremely heavy if oxygen consumption is higher than 2.0L min . All but the females in the Standard dance sequence did not exceed an oxygen consumption level of 2.0L min . Finally, the energy expenditure for male athletes was estimated to be 54.1 ± 8.1 kJ min for Standard and 54.0± 9.6kJ min in the Latin American dances. For females it
486-628: A long campaign, the World DanceSport Federation (WDSF), formerly IDSF, was recognized by the International Olympic Committee as the sole representative body for dancesport, on September 5, 1997. At that point, many dance organisations changed their titles to incorporate the word sport . This recognition gives the IDSF, potentially, a unique status. The WDSF website shows letters and certificates from
567-800: A partner. However, with the emergence of dance competition (now known as Dancesport ), two principal schools have emerged and the term is used more narrowly to refer to the dances recognized by those schools. The International School , originally developed in England and now regulated by the World Dance Council (WDC) and the World DanceSport Federation (WDSF), is most prevalent in Europe. It encompasses two categories, Standard and Latin , each of which consist of five dances—International Waltz, International Tango, International Viennese Waltz, International Slow Foxtrot, and International Quickstep in
648-550: A wide range of ages, with groupings such as: under 21yrs, adult, senior I (over 35yrs), senior II (over 45yrs), senior III (over 55yrs), and senior IV (over 65yrs). Competitors may also be grouped by experience level, with categories such as Beginner, Novice, Intermediate, Pre-Amateur and Amateur. These generally correspond to the number of the dances to be performed in the competition, with Beginners performing one dance, and those at Amateur level performing five. In some competitions these are categorized into grades from A to E, with "A"
729-491: Is a ballroom adaptation of son cubano and bolero (the Cuban genre) and, despite its name, it rarely included elements of Cuban rumba . It includes Cuban motions through knee-strengthening, figure-eight hip rotation, and swiveling foot action. An important characteristic of rumba is the powerful and direct lead achieved through the ball of the foot. Rumba is performed for both International Latin and American Rhythm. Mambo
810-454: Is a flat-footed dance and unlike the other dances, has no rise and fall. Body weight is kept over the toes and the connection is held between the dancers in the hips. Ballroom tango , however, is a dance with a far more open frame, often utilising strong and staccato movements. Ballroom tango, rather than Argentine tango, is performed in international competition. The foxtrot is an American dance, believed to be of African-American origin. It
891-560: Is a part of the ballroom world dedicated to college students. These chapters are typically clubs or teams that have an interest in ballroom dancing. Teams hold fundraisers, social events, and ballroom dance lessons. Ballroom dance teams' goals are to have fun and learn to dance well. There is a strong focus on finding a compatible dance partner and bonding with teammates. There is also a competitive side to collegiate ballroom - collegiate teams often hold competitions and invite other teams to participate. These competitions are often run with many of
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#1732802196236972-463: Is called Samba de Gafieira. International Ballroom Samba is danced with a slight bounce which is created through the bending and straightening the knee. It is performed as an International Latin dance, although most of its modern development has occurred outside Latin America. Rumba came to the United States from Cuba in the 1920s and became a popular cabaret dance during prohibition . Rumba
1053-454: Is danced both competitively and socially. In competition, there are 15 recognized New Vogue dances, which are performed by the competitors in sequence. These dance forms are not recognized internationally, neither are the US variations such as American Smooth, and Rhythm. Such variations in dance and competition methods are attempts to meets perceived needs in the local market-place. Internationally,
1134-485: Is generally danced flat, with not much rise and fall. The walking steps are taken as slow for the two beats per steps and quick for one beat per step. Foxtrot is performed for both International Standard and American Smooth. The quickstep is an English dance and was invented in the 1920s as a combination of faster tempo of foxtrot and the Charleston . It is a fast moving dance, so men are allowed to close their feet and
1215-716: Is most prevalent in the United States and Canada, where it is regulated by USA Dance and Canada Dancesport (CDS) -- the respective national member bodies of the WDSF. It also consists of two categories analogous to the Standard and Latin categories of the International School, respectively called Smooth and Rhythm. The Smooth category consists of only four dances—American Waltz, American Tango, American Foxtrot, and American Viennese Waltz, omitting American Peabody (the American School equivalent to Quickstep) -- while
1296-399: Is similar, but International Ballroom allows only closed dance positions , whereas American Smooth allows closed, open and separated dance movements. In addition, different sets of dance figures are usually taught for the two styles. International Latin and American Rhythm have different styling, and have different dance figures in their respective syllabi. Other dances sometimes placed under
1377-579: Is underturned to go around the corners. Viennese waltz is performed for both International Standard and American Smooth. Tango originated in Buenos Aires in the late 19th century. Modern Argentine tango is danced in both open and closed embraces which focuses on the lead and follow moving in harmony of the tango's passionate charging music. The tango's technique is like walking to the music while keeping feet grounded and allowing ankles and knees to brush against one another during each step taken. Tango
1458-475: The seguidilla , and its popularization is attributed to court dancers such as Sebastián Cerezo . It became one of the most popular ballroom dances of the 19th century and saw many classical adaptations. However, by the 20th century it had become old-fashioned. A Cuban music genre of the same name, bolero , which became popular in the early 20th century, is unrelated to the Spanish dance. Although Cuban bolero
1539-528: The 2012 London Olympics . However, it was announced in December 2016 that breakdancing would form part of the programme for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics under the "dancesport" label, with men's, women's and mixed-team events included in a one-on-one battle format. Over the years, competitive ballroom dancing has evolved so much in its choreography, requiring a higher level of athleticism. Many individuals that spectate or dance socially often underestimate
1620-657: The Blackpool Dance Festival , hosted annually at Blackpool , England is considered the most prestigious event a dancesport competitor can attend. Formation dance is another style of competitive dance recognized by the WDSF. In this style, multiple dancers (usually in couples and typically up to 16 dancers at one time) compete on the same team, moving in and out of various formations while dancing. The Blackpool Dance Festival also holds an annual event for competitive formation dancing. In competitive ballroom, dancers are judged by diverse criteria such as poise,
1701-777: The Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD) and the United Kingdom Alliance (UKA) , each dancer performs two or more dances in a certain genre in front of a judge. Genres such as Modern Ballroom or Latin are the most popular. Societies such as the ISTD and UKA also offer medal tests on other dance styles (such as Country & Western, Rock 'n Roll or Tap). In some North American examinations, levels include Newcomer, Bronze, Silver, Gold, Novice, Pre-championship, and Championship; each level may be further subdivided into either two or four separate sections. There
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#17328021962361782-627: The Olympic Games . Ballroom dance competitions are regulated by each country in its own way. There are about 30 countries which compete regularly in international competitions. There are another 20 or so countries which have membership of the WDC and/or the WDSF, but whose dancers rarely appear in international competitions. In Britain there is the British Dance Council , which grants national and regional championship titles, such as
1863-727: The Royal Albert Hall in London on 29 December 1998. In 2023, BBC Four began repeating episodes of the show from the 1970s. The entire 1979 run was repeated by BBC Four in January and February alongside an episode from 1977 and the Grand Final from 1974. On 12 October 2024, the channel repeated the 1990 Grand Final, as part of an 80th birthday celebration night for former Come Dancing presenter Angela Rippon, which also features future Strictly head judge Len Goodman as part of
1944-494: The World Dance Council (WDC), to less advanced dancers at various proficiency levels. Most competitions are divided into professional and amateur, though in the USA pro-am competitions typically accompany professional competitions. The International Olympic Committee now recognizes competitive ballroom dance. It has recognized another body, the World DanceSport Federation (WDSF), as the sole representative body for dancesport in
2025-708: The jitterbug . Jive originated from African American clubs in the early 1940s. During World War II, American soldiers introduced the jive in England where it was adapted to today's competitive jive. In jive, the man leads the dance while the woman encourages the man to ask her to dance. It is danced to big band music, and some technique is taken from salsa, swing and tango. Jive is performed as an International Latin dance. According to World Dance Council . Waltz : 28 bars per minute, 4 time, also known as Slow Waltz or English Waltz depending on locality Tango : 31 bars per minute, 4 time Viennese Waltz : 58 bars per minute, 4 time. On
2106-509: The vintage dance movement. In Europe, Latin Swing dances include Argentine tango , mambo , Lindy Hop , swing boogie (sometimes also known as nostalgic boogie), and discofox . One example of this is the subcategory of cajun dances that originated in Acadiana , with branches reaching both coasts of the United States. Standard/Smooth dances are normally danced to Western music (often from
2187-418: The 17th century. In the early 19th century it was introduced in England. It was the first dance where a man held a woman close to his body. When performing the dance, the upper body is kept to the left throughout all figures, the follower's body leans to the right side of the leader while the head is extended left to follow the elbow. Figures with rotation have little rise. The start of the rise begins slowly from
2268-537: The 1840s several new dances made their appearance in the ballroom, including the polka , mazurka , and the Schottische . In the meantime a strong tendency emerged to drop all 'decorative' steps such as entrechats and ronds de jambes that had found a place in the Quadrilles and other dances. Modern ballroom dance has its roots early in the 20th century, when several different things happened more or less at
2349-414: The 19th century by the music of Josef and Johann Strauss . It is often referred to as the classic “old-school” ballroom. Viennese Waltz music is quite fast. Slight shaping of the body moves towards the inside of the turn and shaping forward and up to lengthen the opposite side from direction. Reverse turn is used to travel down long side and is overturned. While natural turn is used to travel short side and
2430-738: The British Ballroom Championships, the British Sequence Championships and the United Kingdom Championships. In the United States, the member branches of the WDC (National Dance Council of America) and the WDSF ( USA Dance ) both grant national and regional championship titles. Ballroom dancing competitions in the former USSR also included the Soviet Ballroom dances , or Soviet Programme . Australian New Vogue
2511-587: The European continent, the Viennese waltz is known simply as waltz , while the waltz is recognized as English waltz or Slow Waltz . Foxtrot : 28 bars per minute, 4 time Dancesport Dancesport is competitive ballroom dancing , as contrasted to social or exhibition dancing. In the case of Para dancesport , at least one of the dancers is in a wheelchair . Dancesport events are sanctioned and regulated by dancesport organizations at
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2592-645: The IOC that recognise dancesport as an eligible sport for inclusion pursuant to rule 29 of the Olympic Charter. On its website, the IDSF gives an upbeat appraisal of the chances of dancesport being included in a future summer Olympic Games. However, dancesport has not been included as an official event at the Olympics since its recognition, and there are many who doubt that it ever will. The 2008 Beijing Olympics did not include ballroom dancing and neither did
2673-685: The International School. USA Dance additionally recognizes American Peabody, American Merengue, American Paso Doble, American Samba, American West Coast Swing, American Polka, and American Hustle as ballroom dances in which sanctioned competition may take place. Note that dances of the two schools that bear the same name may differ considerably in permitted patterns (figures), technique, and styling. Exhibitions and social situations that feature ballroom dancing also may include additional partner dances such as Lindy Hop, Night Club Two Step, Night Club Swing, Bachata, Country Two Step, and regional (local or national) favorites that normally are not regarded as part of
2754-409: The Latin American or Standard division. After administrating all required laboratory tests (in order to record their height, weight, body fat percentage, fat free mass and the resting/maximal heart rate and VO2 values), the couples danced a five-dance final, given a 15 to 20 second break between each dance. Throughout the final their heart rates were telemetered and recorded. The purpose of this study
2835-570: The Standard category and International Samba, International Cha Cha, International Rumba, International Paso Doble, and International Jive in the Latin category. A "Standard" or "Latin" competition encompasses all five dances in the respective category, and a "Ten Dance" competition encompasses all ten dances. The two styles, while differing in technique, rhythm, and costumes, exemplify core elements of ballroom dancing such as control and cohesiveness. The American School , also called North American School,
2916-598: The WDC. The World DanceSport Federation (WDSF), formerly the International DanceSport Federation (IDSF), is the international governing body of dancesport, as recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Founded in 1957 as the International Council of Amateur Dancers (ICAD), it took up the name International DanceSport Federation in 1990. In 2011 it changed its name to World DanceSport Federation to emphasise
2997-738: The WDSF's written permission to compete in an event that is not on the WDSF's calendar. There are a wide variety of dance competitions. They range from the well known Blackpool Dance Festival , an event open to all, to competitions conducted exclusively for university students, such as those hosted by the Inter Varsity Dance Association in the UK. Amateur competitions commonly include events that group dancers by age, experience, or both. For example, events might group young dancers by age, such as: juvenile (<12yrs), junior (12-16yrs), and youth (16-19yrs). Events may sometimes cover
3078-455: The ballroom family, and a number of historical dances also may be danced in ballrooms or salons. Additionally, some sources regard Sequence Dancing, in pairs or other formations, to be a style of ballroom dance. The term 'ballroom dancing' is derived from the word ball which in turn originates from the Latin word ballare which means 'to dance' (a ball-room being a large room specially designed for such dances). In times past, ballroom dancing
3159-466: The couples move in short syncopated steps. Quickstep includes the walks, runs, chasses, and turns of the original foxtrot dance, with some other fast figures such as locks, hops, run, quick step, jump and skips. Quick step is performed as an International Standard dance. The pasodoble originated from Spain and its dramatic bullfights. The dance is mostly performed only in competitions and rarely socially because of its many choreographic rules. The lead plays
3240-473: The dances selected for competition in the Rhythm category are American Cha Cha, American Rumba, American East Coast Swing (the American School equivalent to International Jive), American Bolero, and American Mambo. A "Smooth" or "Rhythm" competition encompasses the dances in the respective category, and a "Nine Dance" competition encompassing all nine of these dances is analogous to the "Ten Dance" competition of
3321-399: The earliest ballroom dances was recorded toward the end of the 16th century, when Jehan Tabourot, under the pen name " Thoinot-Arbeau ", published in 1588 his Orchésographie , a study of late 16th-century French renaissance social dance. Among the dances described were the solemn basse danse , the livelier branle , pavane , and the galliarde which Shakespeare called the "cinq pace" as it
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3402-517: The end of the Victoria era. The waltz with its modern hold took root in England in about 1812; in 1819 Carl Maria von Weber wrote Invitation to the Dance , which marked the adoption of the waltz form into the sphere of absolute music. The dance was initially met with tremendous opposition due to the semblance of impropriety associated with the closed hold, though the stance gradually softened. In
3483-762: The equivalent of the Amateur level, and "E" corresponding to the "Beginner" level. WDSF governing bodies in different countries have the flexibility to decide on the dance area size for competitions held in the country. In December 2011, the WDSF Open and the Australian Nationals were held at the Hisense Arena located within the Olympic park in Melbourne. The floor was at 84 by 37.7 meters which
3564-494: The exception of a few traveling dances like samba and pasodoble , couples do not follow the line of dance but perform their routines more or less in one spot. In competitions, the women are often dressed in short-skirted Latin outfits while the men are outfitted in tight-fitting shirts and pants, the goal being to emphasize the dancers' leg action and body movements. Waltz began as a country folk dance in Austria and Bavaria in
3645-531: The execution of every dance and the " five positions " of the feet were formulated for the first time by members of the Académie. Eventually, the first definite cleavage between ballet and ballroom came when professional dancers appeared in the ballets, and the ballets left the Court and went to the stage. Ballet technique such as the turned out positions of the feet, however, lingered for over two centuries and past
3726-493: The finals when the Skating system is used to place each couple by ordinals, typically 1–6, though the number of couples in the final may vary. Sometimes, up to 8 couples may be present on the floor during the finals. Competitors dance at different levels based on their ability and experience. The levels are split into two categories, syllabus and open. The syllabus levels are newcomer/pre-bronze, bronze, silver, and gold—with gold
3807-580: The first count, peaks on the 2nd count and lowers slowly on the 3rd. Sway is also used on the second step to make the step longer and also to slow down the momentum by bringing the feet together. Waltz is performed for both International Standard and American Smooth. Viennese waltz originated in Provence area in France in 1559 and is recognized as the oldest of all ballroom dances. It was introduced in England as German waltz in 1812 and became popular throughout
3888-597: The five International Ballroom dances. Sequence dancing , which is danced predominantly in the United Kingdom, and its development New Vogue in Australia and New Zealand, are also sometimes included as a type of Ballroom dancing. In the United States and Canada, the American Style ( American Smooth and American Rhythm ) also exists. The dance technique used for both International and American styles
3969-660: The highest syllabus level and newcomer the lowest. In these levels, moves are restricted to those written in a syllabus, and illegal moves can lead to disqualification. Each level, bronze, silver, and gold, has different moves on their syllabus, increasing in difficulty. There are three levels in the open category; novice, pre-champ, and champ in increasing order of skill. At those levels, dancers no longer have restrictions on their moves, so complex routines are more common. Medal evaluations for amateurs enable dancers' individual abilities to be recognized according to conventional standards. In medal evaluations, which are run by bodies such as
4050-428: The hold or frame, posture, musicality and expression, timing, body alignment and shape, floor craft, foot and leg action, and presentation. Judging in a performance-oriented sport is inevitably subjective in nature, and controversy and complaints by competitors over judging placements are not uncommon. The scorekeepers—called scrutineers—will tally the total number recalls accumulated by each couple through each round until
4131-524: The judging panel. The first presenter in 1950 was Peter Dimmock , and was assisted by Leslie Mitchell as its master of ceremonies . Many subsequent presenters over the years included Sylvia Peters , Peter West (1957 to 1972), McDonald Hobley , Charles Nove , Terry Wogan , Brian Johnston , Peter Marshall , Angela Rippon , Frank Bough , Michael Aspel , David Jacobs , Judith Chalmers , Pete Murray and Rosemarie Ford . Commentators included Ray Moore , Bruce Hammal, and Charles Nove . Inspired by
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#17328021962364212-594: The knee giving it a touch of Cuban motion. Cha-cha is performed for both International Latin and American Rhythm. Swing in 1927 was originally named the Lindy Hop named by Shorty George Snowden . There have been 40 different versions documented over the years; most common is the East Coast swing which is performed in the American Smooth (or American Rhythm) only in the U.S. or Canada. The East Coast swing
4293-517: The limits of the traditional style of the individual dances. Only the Viennese waltz has defined choreography: it is limited to seven well-specified figures. Lifts are not permitted, except for Show Dance titles. The tempo for each dance is defined. In the finals, couples are marked under the skating system and judged by timing, footwork, rise and fall, alignment, direction and floor craft. Competitors must meet World Anti-Doping Agency rules. After
4374-531: The mambo from the charanga into the big band format, and took it to Mexico and the United States, where it became a "dance craze". Cha Cha (sometimes wrongly called Cha Cha Cha based on a "street version" of the dance with shifted timing) was developed by Enrique Jorrín in the early 1950s, as a slower alternative to Mambo—and, in fact, was originally called Triple Mambo. The Cha Cha is a flirtatious dance with many hip rotations and partners synchronising their movements. The dance includes bending and straightening of
4455-616: The mid-twentieth century), and couples dance counter-clockwise around a rectangular floor following the line of dance . In competitions, competitors are costumed as would be appropriate for a white tie affair, with full gowns for the ladies and bow tie and tail coats for the men; though in American Smooth it is now conventional for the men to abandon the tailsuit in favor of shorter tuxedos , vests, and other creative outfits. Latin/Rhythm dances are commonly danced to contemporary Latin American music and (in case of jive) Western music. With
4536-495: The national and international level, such as the World DanceSport Federation . The name was invented to help competitive ballroom dancing gain Olympic recognition. The physical demand of dancesport has been the subject of scientific research. The first unofficial world championship took place in 1909, and the first formation team was presented in 1932 by Olive Ripman at the Astoria Ballroom, London. Dancesport
4617-543: The organization's global character. In the past, the IDSF's focus was on administering amateur dancers and competitions. However, in 2010 the IDSF Professional Division was created (formerly known as the IPDSC), which extended this focus to professional dancesport. WDSF members are only allowed to dance in competitions that are on the WDSF's official competition calendar, unless the member has obtained
4698-447: The physical attributes and demands of dancesport competitive dancing . In order to compete at a world level, elite competitive dancers undergo rigorous training to help and enhance their competition performance. These dancers seem to perform at such a high level of energy expenditure that a deeper understanding of these energy demands may help build specific training programs used to sustain a high quality dance performance consistent over
4779-506: The resurgence in ballroom dancing in the UK following the 1992 Australian film Strictly Ballroom , a relaunched celebrity version entitled Strictly Come Dancing (affectionately known simply as Strictly ) debuted on BBC One in 2004, and became a major success with Saturday evening audiences. Strictly paired a professional dancer together with a celebrity partner, and was originally hosted by Bruce Forsyth and Tess Daly , assisted by Claudia Winkleman . In later years, Claudia Winkleman
4860-402: The role of the matador while the follow takes the role of the matador's cape, the bull, or even the matador. The chasse cape refers to the lead using the follow to turn them as if they are the cape, and the appel is when the lead stomps their foot to get the bull's attention. Pasodoble is performed as an International Latin dance. The Spanish bolero was developed in the late 18th century out of
4941-529: The same rules are regular amateur competitions as outlined above, but are usually organized entirely by collegiate teams. Examples include the MIT Open Ballroom Dance Competition, Big Apple Dancesport Challenge, Purdue Ballroom Classic, Cardinal Classic, Berkeley Classic, and Harvard Invitational. "Ballroom dance" refers most often to the ten dances of Standard and Latin , though the term is also often used interchangeably with
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#17328021962365022-425: The same time. The first was a movement away from the sequence dances towards dances where the couples moved independently. This had been pre-figured by the waltz, which had already made this transition. The second was a wave of popular music, such as jazz . Since dance is to a large extent tied to music, this led to a burst of newly invented dances. There were many dance crazes in the period 1910–1930. The third event
5103-426: The two programmes ran on alternate weeks until 1964, when the latter finished. At its peak, in the late 1960s and 1970s, it attracted audiences of ten million. The last regular series was aired in 1995 (with no series in 1982 or 1987); this was followed by International Come Dancing specials in 1996 and 1998. The final episode, a 50th anniversary special, was presented by Rosemarie Ford and broadcast on BBC One from
5184-405: The two sexes and the oxygen transport capacity. Comparing the mean gross energy expenditures (in kJ min ) between ballroom dancing and other sports, it is evident that competitive dancing is equally as demanding in comparison to other sporting activities such as basketball (35.83 kJ min ) or cross-country running (44.37kJ min ) (Consolazioetal, 1963), and that competitive ballroom dancing requires
5265-506: The umbrella "ballroom dance" include nightclub dances such as Lindy Hop , West Coast swing , nightclub two step , hustle , salsa , and merengue . The categorization of dances as "ballroom dances" has always been fluid, with new dances or folk dances being added to or removed from the ballroom repertoire from time to time, so no list of subcategories or dances is any more than a description of current practices. There are other dances historically accepted as ballroom dances, and are revived via
5346-457: Was social dancing for the privileged, leaving folk dancing for the lower classes. These boundaries have since become blurred. The definition of ballroom dance also depends on the era: balls have featured popular dances of the day such as the Minuet , Quadrille , Polonaise , Polka , Mazurka , and others, which are now considered to be historical dances . The first authoritative knowledge of
5427-431: Was 34.7 ± 3.8 kJ min and 36.1 ± 4.1 kJ min respectively. Two other similar experiments were conducted exhibiting very similar results and analyses. In all three of the experiments, significant differences in the energy expenditure between the male and female athletes were noticed. Generally males had a higher energy expenditure than their female counterparts. This is evident due to the anthropometric differences between
5508-496: Was 7.61 times the size of what WDSF requires. The World Dance Council (WDC) rules for international competitions are lengthy and detailed. The music for competitions is kept confidential until the event. The music always follows a strict tempo and, for a couples competition, it will have a duration of no less than 90 seconds, and no more than two minutes. Some elementary competitions are restricted to "basic" steps, but international competitions are open as to choreography , within
5589-426: Was a concerted effort to transform some of the dance crazes into dances which could be taught to a wider dance public in the U.S. and Europe. Here Vernon and Irene Castle were important, and so was a generation of English dancers in the 1920s, including Josephine Bradley and Victor Silvester . These professionals analysed, codified, published, and taught a number of standard dances. It was essential, if popular dance
5670-501: Was based on a knock-out process of teams from various regions around the UK, such as East Anglia or the South West . In 1953, the format changed to become a competition, with dancers representing the home nations ( England , Northern Ireland , Scotland , and Wales ), with later series seeing regions of the United Kingdom going head to head for its coveted trophy. In 1950, Come Dancing joined Television Dancing Club , and
5751-519: Was born as a form of trova , traditional singer/songwriter tradition from eastern Cuba, with no associated dance, it soon became a ballroom favorite in Cuba and all of Latin America. The dance most commonly represents the couple falling in love. Modern bolero is seen as a combination of many dances: like a slow salsa with contra-body movement of tango, patterns of rhumba, and rise and fall technique and personality of waltz and foxtrot. Bolero can be danced in
5832-659: Was considerable. Later, in the 1930s, the on-screen dance pairing of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers influenced all forms of dance in the U.S. and elsewhere. Although both actors had separate careers, their filmed dance sequences together, which included portrayals of the Castles, have reached iconic status. Much of Astaire and Rogers' work portrayed social dancing, although the performances were highly choreographed (often by Astaire or Hermes Pan ) and meticulously staged and rehearsed. Competitions, sometimes referred to as dancesport , range from world championships, regulated by
5913-431: Was developed as an offshoot of danzón , the national dance of Cuba, in the late 1930s by Orestes López and his brother Cachao , of Arcaño y sus Maravillas . They conceived a new form of danzón influenced by son cubano , with a faster, improvised final section, which allowed dancers to more freely express themselves, given that danzón had traditionally a very rigid structure. In the 1940s, Dámaso Pérez Prado transformed
5994-401: Was established by Arthur Murray and others only shortly after World War II. Swing music is very lively and upbeat and can be danced to jazz or big band music. The swing dancing style has much bounce and energy. Swing also includes many spins and underarm turns. East Coast swing is performed as an American Rhythm dance. The jive is part of the swing dance group and is a very lively variation of
6075-564: Was first broadcast on TV in 1960. The term dancesport applies to the International Style as well the as American Style of competitive ballroom. It includes the following categories: These categories apply to both individual couples and formation dance . The World Dance Council (WDC) is a registered limited company, and the legal successor to the International Council of Ballroom Dancing (ICBD), which
6156-600: Was formed in 1950 in Edinburgh. The WDC operates through a general council and two committees: In 2007 the WDC Amateur League was created. This organisation runs a number of competitions and has its own world ranking system for amateur dancers. Each member country in the WDC has its own national organisation, such as the British Dance Council , which acts as a forum for the many interested parties in that country. The national bodies decide on their delegates to
6237-489: Was made of five steps. In 1650, the Minuet , originally a peasant dance of Poitou , was introduced into Paris and set to music by Jean-Baptiste Lully and danced by the King Louis XIV in public. The Minuet dominated the ballroom from that time until the close of the 18th century. Toward the later half of the 17th century, Louis XIV founded his ' Académie Royale de Musique et de Danse ', where specific rules for
6318-408: Was named by a vaudeville performer Harry Fox in 1914. Fox was rapidly trotting step to ragtime music. The dance therefore was originally named as the “Fox’s trot”. The foxtrot can be danced at slow, medium, or fast tempos depending on the speed of the jazz or big band music. The partners are facing one another and frame rotates from one side to another, changing direction after a measure. The dance
6399-524: Was promoted to full time host in 2014 after Forsyth's departure. The title is an amalgamation of the titles of Come Dancing and the film Strictly Ballroom . The format of the newer show has become an international success, having been successfully exported to many other countries as Dancing with the Stars or similar names in local languages. Ballroom dancing Ballroom dance may refer, at its widest definition, to almost any recreational dance with
6480-412: Was to estimate the energy requirements from heart rates acquired during competition simulation and previously recorded measures of VO2 and HR. The average heart rate for male dancers in Standard was 170 beats min and 168 beats min in the Latin American. Females elicited 179 beats min and 177 beats min respectively. Astrand and Rodahl (1977) classify any exercise being extremely heavy if it results in
6561-433: Was to flourish, for dancers to have some basic movements they could confidently perform with any partner they might meet. Here the huge Arthur Murray organisation in America, and the dance societies in England, such as the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing , were highly influential. Finally, much of this happened during and after a period of World War, and the effect of such a conflict in dissolving older social customs
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