Tokyo Metro lines (Toei and JR lines are shown in faint colours.)
53-566: Comic Market ( コミックマーケット , Komikku Māketto ) , more commonly known as Comiket ( コミケット , Komiketto ) or Comike ( コミケ , Komike ) , is a semiannual doujinshi convention in Tokyo , Japan. A grassroots market focused on the sale of doujin (self-published) works, Comiket is a not-for-profit fan convention administered by the volunteer-run Comic Market Preparatory Committee (ComiketPC). Inaugurated on 21 December 1975 with an estimated 700 attendees, Comiket has since grown to become
106-523: A "corporate area" where mostly media companies sell or give away goods and merchandise. Though doujinshi conventions, especially larger ones, typically allow other content such as doujin soft , cosplay, and corporate booths selling merchandise, smaller events typically only feature doujinshi. Other forms of doujin works such as doujin soft tend to have their own events, where they are featured exclusively. In Japan, there are doujinshi conventions in many different sizes, on different schedules, and with
159-655: A common subject, such as a particular media franchise or manga genre , are typically grouped on the same day. The most common item sold at Comiket is doujinshi (self-published comics , novels or magazines ), while a smaller number of circles sell doujin soft , analog (board/card/etc.) games, music, clothing, and other goods. These are often derivative fan works based off of anime , video games , and other media, legal according to Japanese law ( shinkokuzai ). Since Comiket's inauguration, sample copies of all works sold at Comiket are collected and archived by ComiketPC, with over 2.1 million works having been archived. Comiket
212-484: A different focus. Many are recurring events, held yearly, twice yearly, quarterly, or even monthly. Many large conventions are "all genres" ( オールジャンル , ooru janru ), meaning that they are multi-fandom events that welcome any kind of content, from any series (referred to as "genres" in the Japanese vernacular) as well as original content. Comiket and Niigata Comic Market are examples. In contrast to All Genre events
265-526: A long-running convention that attracts several thousand doujinshi circles with every edition. Not all participants present at doujinshi conventions are fans or amateurs. In Comiket's 2004 summer edition, "5 percent of all circles participating in Comiket were headed by a professional manga artist or illustrator, while another 10 percent had some professional experience". In Comiket's 2010 summer edition, 2% of participants were professional creators. Due to
318-582: A number of commercial developments which mostly consist of shopping developments at major stations. It also owns the Subway Museum near Kasai Station on the Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line which opened on July 12, 1986, and features a few retired trains which once operated on the Ginza and Marunouchi Lines as well as a maintenance vehicle and some train simulators . In 2024, Tokyo Metro was listed on
371-621: A part of a one-person circle (59%), while two-person (20%) and three-person (8%) circles were also common. Since 1993, ComiketPC has donated over ¥60 million to sustainable forest management to offset paper used in the production of dōjinshi. Since 2007, ComiketPC has worked with the Japanese Red Cross Society to organize bloodmobiles at Comiket events, with donors given Comiket-exclusive posters depicting characters from anime and video games. The Red Cross receives an estimated 1,500 blood donations at each Comiket. Comiket
424-542: A second ticket, or a special transfer ticket, to change from a Toei line to a Tokyo Metro line and vice versa. Though, most Tokyo Metro (and Toei) line offer through service to lines outside of central Tokyo run by other carriers, and this can somewhat complicate the ticketing. Much effort has been made to make the system accessible to non-Japanese speaking users: Many stations are also designed to help blind people as railings often have Braille at their base, and raised yellow rubber guide strips are used on flooring throughout
477-594: A total of 180 unique stations (i.e., counting stations served by multiple lines only once) on the Tokyo Metro network. Most stations are located within the 23 special wards and fall inside the Yamanote Line rail loop — some wards such as Setagaya and Ōta have no stations (or only a limited number of stations), as rail service in these areas has historically been provided by the Toei Subway or any of
530-497: A venue. Tokyo Big Sight hosted Comiket for the first time in 1996, and remains the convention's primary venue. In 1998 (C54), an arsonist placed incendiary devices in the venue the day before the event, which were noticed and neutralized with no major damage; the event was held as normal, though with heightened security. The arsonist was caught at the following event. In 2012, anonymous threats made against circles creating works related to Kuroko's Basketball led Comiket to prohibit
583-467: Is "Only Genre" ( オンリージャンル , onrii janru ) events. Due to the smaller focus, these events are typically smaller, and are also more likely to be one-off events. These are also known as "only events" ( オンリーイベント , onrii ibento ) or "only doujinshi sale events" ( オンリー同人誌即売会 , onrii dōjinshi sokubaikai ). Only events feature only doujinshi about one particular fandom, one particular character, or one particular pairing or fan trope. A themed "only event"
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#1732772485571636-676: Is a major outlet for cosplay enthusiasts. Since Comiket 80 in 2011, restrictions on cosplaying have been gradually relaxed, with a shift from regulating objects (e.g. a ban on items that could be used as weapons) to regulating behavior (e.g. a ban on swinging around long objects). Some general contemporary guidelines include not wearing clothes that are too revealing, not imitating uniformed officers, and being out of cosplay when arriving/departing from Comiket. Comiket hosts 190 corporate booths each year. This includes both large commercial companies, such as video game studios and manga publishers, as well as celebrity meet and greet sessions. Comiket
689-549: Is a type of event dedicated to the sale of doujinshi , or self-published books (typically mangas , collections of illustrations, or novels). These events are known in Japanese as doujin sokubaikai ( 同人即売会 , 'doujin sale event') or doujinshi sokubaikai ( 同人誌即売会 , 'doujinshi sale event'). Thousands of doujinshi conventions take place in Japan every year. Doujinshi conventions can also be found in some other countries. In Japan, doujinshi conventions are one of
742-427: Is an additional charge to issue it. The Tokyo Metro is extremely punctual and has regular trains arriving 3 to 6 minutes apart most of the day and night. However, it does not run 24 hours a day. While through service with other companies complicates this somewhat, the last train generally starts at midnight and completes its service by 00:45 to 01:00, and the first train generally starts at 05:00. Tokyo Metro also owns
795-480: Is available in print and DVD-ROM format, and since Comiket 83, is available online behind a partial paywall . Catalogs are made available for sale at stores two weeks before the event. The print version is roughly the size of an average phone book , while the DVD-ROM version includes features such as advanced search functions and a clickable map. To date, there is no English edition of the catalog available, though
848-483: Is held twice yearly, in August and December. These events are distinguished as "Summer Comic Market" ( Natsukomi ) and "Winter Comic Market" ( Fuyukomi ). Since 1995, both events have run for three days each, with Summer Comiket generally occurring Friday to Sunday in mid-August, and Winter Comiket generally occurring the three days prior to New Year's Day . Starting with Comiket 96, the events have been four days long, with
901-538: Is involved, with two or more small-scale events sharing the same venue instead. Some doujinshi conventions include: Tokyo Metro The Tokyo Metro (Japanese: 東京メトロ , Tōkyō Metoro ) is a major rapid transit system in Tokyo, Japan, operated by the Tokyo Metro Co. With an average daily ridership of 6.52 million passengers (as of 2023), the Tokyo Metro is the larger of the two subway operators in
954-510: Is owned solely by the government of Tokyo. Tokyo Metro and Toei trains form completely separate networks, although Tokyo Metro Namboku Line and Toei Mita Line share the same track between Meguro Station and Shirokane-takanawa Station . Users of prepaid rail passes and Suica / Pasmo smart cards can freely interchange between the two networks (as well as other rail companies in the area), but fares are assessed separately for legs on each of these systems and regular ticket holders must purchase
1007-401: Is sometimes held within or alongside a larger convention, with the organizers of the "only event" reserving space and signage for their smaller event in a hall shared with other "only events" and a larger umbrella event, or having the "only events" taking place in smaller halls in or around the same venue. These mini-events are also called "petit only" ( プチオンリー , puchi onrii ). They can focus on
1060-545: The Teito Rapid Transit Authority ( 帝都高速度交通営団 , Teito Kōsokudo Kōtsū Eidan , lit. "Imperial Capital Highspeed Transportation Management Foundation") , commonly known as Eidan or TRTA, on April 1, 2004. TRTA was administered by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport , and jointly funded by the national and metropolitan governments. It was formed in 1941 as a part-nationalization of
1113-663: The Tokyo Stock Exchange , debuting as the exchange's largest IPO in six years and with a market capitalization of roughly 1 trillion yen. The Government of Japan and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government each sold half of their shares, with the former using the proceeds to repay bonds funding reconstruction after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami . In 2017, Tokyo Metro opened its affiliate in Hanoi , Vietnam , as part of preparations to be
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#17327724855711166-405: The Comiket circle participants, a 2011 poll showed that nearly half participated because attending the event and showing off their work is enjoyable, and a significant percentage came to spread their works to the public. A smaller percentage of dōjinshi creators' goal is to promote an idea or opinion through attending Comiket. The majority of those participating in circles in 2010 said that they are
1219-681: The Ginza and Marunouchi lines have trains that run through line termini onto tracks owned by other companies. TN Tōbu Nikkō Line ( Kita-Senju to Minami-Kurihashi and Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen ) TR Toyo Rapid Line ( Nishi-Funabashi to Tōyō-Katsutadai ) OT Odakyu Tama Line ( Yoyogi-Uehara to Karakida and Isehara ) [REDACTED] Seibu Ikebukuro Line via the [REDACTED] Seibu Yūrakuchō Line ( Kotake-Mukaihara Station to Hannō ) TN Tobu Nikkō Line TI Tobu Isesaki Line ( Oshiage to Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen , Minami-Kurihashi and Kuki ) through running to [REDACTED] Minatomirai Line for Motomachi-Chūkagai There are
1272-600: The Summer Olympics, which were also postponed. A virtual event titled "Air Comiket" was held in December to replace its originally planned dates. Comic Market 99 was ultimately delayed to December 2021, and ran for only two days with entry limited to 55,000 people per day by requiring ticket purchases. 35°37′51″N 139°47′48″E / 35.63083°N 139.79667°E / 35.63083; 139.79667 Doujinshi convention A doujinshi convention
1325-617: The Tokyo Underground Railway and Tokyo Rapid Railway (now both form the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line ), although its oldest lines date back to 1927 with the opening of the Tokyo Underground Railway the same year. Upon its establishment, the TRTA's legal form was a "management foundation" ( 経営財団 , keiei zaidan , abbreviated to and hence eidan ( 営団 ) ) , a form of entity established by the government of
1378-552: The amateur creators themselves, and most focus on the sale of doujinshi that are fanworks . Art supply companies, doujin printing companies, and anime, manga and game companies also have booths at many of the larger conventions, such as Comic Market, where they sell or distribute merchandise and promote products and services. Some doujinshi conventions welcome cosplay activity as well. Doujin works are typically fanworks based on existing properties (" niji sōsaku "). These unauthorized uses are generally ignored and accepted by
1431-476: The ascendance of the Year 24 Group . A 1975 incident in which a dōjin creator applying for Nihon Manga Taikai [ ja ] was refused admission after criticizing the convention's focus on professional guests over dōjin creators in her application became a catalyst for the founding of Comiket as a fan convention . As Comiket grew, a lottery system to allocate exhibition space was implemented in 1979, as
1484-682: The catalog does contain a four-page basic guide for attending Comiket in English, Chinese, and Korean. Prior to Comiket 96, a purchased catalog was not required for admission to Comiket (see 2020 Summer Olympics changes below). The overwhelming majority of Comiket circle participants are amateur and hobbyist artists: 70% of participating circles lose money, while only 15% turn a profit. The majority of circle participants at Comiket are female, with women composing 57% of participating circles at Comiket 84. General attendees at Comiket tend to skew male, with men comprising 64% of attendees at Comiket 78. Of
1537-528: The city; the other being the Toei Subway , with 2.85 million average daily rides. Tokyo Metro is operated by the Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. ( 東京地下鉄株式会社 , Tōkyō Chikatetsu kabushiki-gaisha ) , a joint-stock company jointly owned by the Government of Japan and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government . The company, founded as a part of then-Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi 's policy of converting statutory corporations into joint-stock companies , replaced
1590-494: The company, an average of 6.33 million people used the company's nine subway routes each day in 2009. The company made a profit of ¥63.5 billion in 2009. Altogether, the Tokyo Metro is made up of nine lines operating on 195.1 kilometers (121.2 mi) of route. Note: Line numbers are for internal usage only and not listed on subway maps. Note: Excluding the 8.3 km (5.2 mi) stretch between Wakoshi and Kotake-mukaihara shared with Yurakucho Line. All lines except
1643-546: The copyright holders, with many copyright holders also issuing guidelines stating that they allow niji sousaku as long as their guidelines are adhered to. Many conventions feature not just fanworks but also original ( 創作 , sōsaku , or orijinaru ) doujinshi . As of 2015 63% of all doujin works altogether at Comiket (counting not only doujinshi but other media such as doujin soft and doujin music ) were purely niji sōsaku , while 12% were purely original. Some conventions focus entirely on original works, for instance COMITIA ,
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1696-511: The event hosted approximately 2,400 circles producing Kuroko's Basketball items. In August 2018, ComiketPC announced modified schedules for Comikets 96, 97, and 98 due to the 2020 Summer Olympics . As the east wing of Big Sight closed in 2019 for renovations in advance of the Olympics, the corporate booths of C96 and C97 were moved to Aomi Exhibition Hall , and both events expanded to four days of programming. Admission to both events required
1749-544: The event. C98 in 2020 was slated to be moved to Golden Week in May in order to not conflict with the Olympics in August. On 27 March 2020, ComiketPC announced that C98 had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic , making it the first time a Comiket event has been cancelled. On 12 July 2020, it was announced that Comiket 99 would be postponed to 2021, taking place during Golden Week as C98 would have in order to not conflict with
1802-474: The exception of Comiket 103 and 104, which, due to recent COVID-19 pandemic, were reduced to two days each. Both events run daily from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m, with corporate booths open until 5:00 p.m and the entire convention closing an hour early on the final day of the event. Comiket has been held at Tokyo Big Sight in Ariake, Tokyo since 1996. Comiket 98, which was planned for August 2020,
1855-626: The largest fan convention in the world, with an estimated turnstile attendance of 750,000 in 2019. Comiket is typically held at Tokyo Big Sight in August and December, with the two events distinguished as Summer Comic Market ( 夏コミ , Natsukomi ) and Winter Comic Market ( 冬コミ , Fuyukomi ) , respectively. Comiket is focused primarily on the sale of doujin : non-commercial, self-published works. Approximately 35,000 circles (a term for groups or individuals who create doujin ) participate in each edition of Comiket. Different circles exhibit on each day of Comiket; circles producing works on
1908-420: The largest fleet for a private railway operator in Japan. Trains from other operators are also used on Tokyo Metro lines as a consequence of inter-running services. As is common with rail transport in Tokyo, Tokyo Metro trains are severely crowded during peak periods. During the morning peak period, platform attendants ( oshiya ) are sometimes needed to push riders and their belongings into train cars so that
1961-457: The most important distribution channels of doujinshi . Most are small-scale occasions with perhaps a few hundred participating circles, but the larger ones can attract tens or hundreds of thousands of participants, making them important public events in Japan. Comiket , the largest of all doujinshi conventions, attracts 35,000 sellers and over half a million individual visits during each of its biannual editions. Most conventions are organized by
2014-563: The nature of how copyright is treated at doujin events, professional creators do not require permission to create doujin works based on things they did not work on, or things that they worked on or are affiliated with. In some cases, they might release cut content from official products that they worked on as doujinshi. Larger conventions also often allow some involvement of media companies. Many kinds of companies support doujinshi conventions through sponsorship, direct participation, or providing various necessary services. Comiket, for instance, has
2067-551: The network. Tokyo Metro stations began accepting contactless ( RFID ) Pasmo stored value cards in March 2007 to pay fares, and the JR East Suica system is also universally accepted. Both these passes also can be used on surrounding rail systems throughout the area and many rail lines in other areas of Japan. Due to the complexity of the fare systems in Japan, most riders converted to these cards very quickly even though there
2120-709: The network. Under these plans, the Yūrakuchō Line would receive a new branch from Toyosu Station to Sumiyoshi Station with three new stops (including one at Toyocho Station on the Tōzai Line ) to better serve the Toyosu urban development zone, and the Namboku Line would receive an extension from Shirokane-Takanawa Station to Shinagawa Station , where it would connect with the Tokaido Shinkansen and
2173-590: The number of applications from circles began to surpass available space. In 1981 the event moved to Harumi Fairgrounds [ ja ] and began publishing an event catalog in 1982. Comiket would change locations frequently throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, as the Japanese bubble economy led to an upsurge in trade shows that made it difficult to secure a consistent venue. The murders by Tsutomu Miyazaki and subsequent moral panic against otaku would lead to further difficulties in Comiket's ability to secure
Comiket - Misplaced Pages Continue
2226-402: The purchase of a wristband – the first time in Comiket's history it was not free to attend – in order to offset the cost of running the event across four days, and to depress attendance in light of the smaller venue space. Wristbands for all four days were included with the purchase of a print event catalog, while individual wristbands for each day were available to purchase at Big Sight the day of
2279-523: The region of 500,000 for Winter Comiket and 560,000 for Summer Comiket. Because of the extremely high volume of attendance at Comiket, mobile phone companies set up temporary antennas, while the Tokyo Metro makes special arrangements to accommodate the large crowds. Hour-long queues to enter Comiket during peak hours are common, while some attendees queue up to five hours before the event to ensure early admission. Popular circles are frequently placed near
2332-413: The sale of all Kuroko's Basketball -related items at Comiket 85 (see Kuroko's Basketball § Controversies ). Organizers refunded the registration fees for the roughly 900 circles producing Kuroko's Basketball items, resulting in a loss for Comiket of roughly ¥10 million. In 2015, ComiketPC organized a special event specifically focused on doujinshi related to the series. Affectionately nicknamed "Kuroket",
2385-607: The same themes as the "only events" that occur outside of a larger convention. Though the bigger events that they are attached to are typically doujin events, this is not always the case, such as with the Vocaloid only event "THE VOC@LOiD Cho M@STER 39" being held within video streaming website Niconico 's annual Niconico Chokaigi event, which is held to celebrate and promote the website and its community, or Touhou Project only event Touhou Gensenkyou being held alongside cosplay event COS-DAY. There are also cases where no larger event
2438-590: The service operator of Hanoi Metro . The Hanoi Metro opened in 2021. In November 2024, GTS Rail Operations (a consortium comprising Tokyo Metro, Sumitomo Corporation and Go-Ahead Group ) was chosen from four bidders to operate the Elizabeth line in London, UK for the period 2025–2032. Tokyo Metro indicated in its public share offering that it would cease line construction once the Fukutoshin Line
2491-511: The under construction Chūō Shinkansen in addition to serving the surrounding business district. Both extensions are expected to open in the 2030s. Pasmo and Suica are accepted on the Tokyo Metro, as well as on railway stations operated by other companies. Transfers between Tokyo Metro subway lines and Toei Subway lines are usually not free, but a discount is given when using the Pasmo or Suica cards to transfer between lines. According to
2544-510: The various major private railways ( 大手私鉄 ) . Major interchange stations, connecting three or more Tokyo Metro lines, include the following: Other major stations provide additional connections to other railway operators such as the Toei Subway, JR East, and the various private railways, including (but not limited to) the following: As of 1 April 2016 , Tokyo Metro operates a fleet of 2,728 electric multiple unit (EMU) vehicles,
2597-582: The venue's loading docks so that their queues can extend outside. ComiketPC recommends that first-time attendees arrive in the afternoon to avoid queues. For every Comiket, a catalog is released that contains information about the event. The catalog includes a list of all participating circles, maps of the convention layout, directions to and from the convention, rules for the convention, results from surveys held among Comiket participants, articles about topics relevant to dōjinshi creators, and one to two pictures ("circle cuts") for every participating circle. It
2650-501: The wartime cabinet of the Empire of Japan with both public and private sector investments. Private sector investments to the TRTA were prohibited in 1951 when it was converted into an ordinary statutory corporation. In 2024, the company made its initial public offering , raising $ 2.3 billion in what became Japan's biggest IPO since 2018. The other major subway operator is Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation ( Toei Subway ) which
2703-656: Was completed. That line was completed in March 2013 with the opening of the connection with the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line at Shibuya Station , allowing through service as far as Motomachi-Chūkagai Station in Yokohama . There are several lines such as the Hanzōmon Line that still have extensions in their official plans, and in the past, these plans have tended to happen, though often over several decades. In March 2022, Tokyo Metro received permission to add two new extensions to
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#17327724855712756-410: Was inaugurated in 1975 by Meikyu [ ja ] (Labyrinth), a dōjin circle founded by Yoshihiro Yonezawa , Teruo Harada [ ja ] , and Jun Aniwa [ ja ] while studying at Meiji University . The first Comiket was organized amid a period of immense change and upheaval for manga as a medium, characterized by the closure of the experimental manga magazine COM and
2809-435: Was the event's first cancellation in its history as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic ; Comiket 99, which would have been held in December 2020 was instead held in December 2021, two years after the last time it was held, and ran for only two days. Comiket is the largest fan convention in the world, growing from fewer than 10,000 attendees in 1982 to over half a million by 2004. Since 2007, attendee numbers have fluctuated in
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