133-648: The Programme commun was a reform programme, signed 27 June 1972 by the Socialist Party , the French Communist Party and the centrist Radical Movement of the Left , which provided a great upheaval in the economic, political and military fields in France. That alliance, known as the "Union of the Left", opened a political repositioning for the left that lasted 30 years, contributing particularly to
266-547: A cohabitation government from 1997 to 2002, when he was again defeated by Chirac in the presidential election. In the 2007 presidential election , the PS's candidate, Ségolène Royal , was defeated by conservative Nicolas Sarkozy . In 2012, François Hollande , the leader of the party from 1997 to 2008, was elected president, and the party also won a governing majority. During his term, Hollande battled with high unemployment, multiple Jihadi terrorist attacks , poor opinion ratings and
399-585: A sex assault complaint in New York and was de facto eliminated from the primary. Eventually, former party leader François Hollande won the primary and ran as the official Socialist Party candidate for President of France. He narrowly defeated incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy, becoming president-elect of France on Sunday 6 May 2012. The idea for holding an open primary to choose the Socialist Party presidential candidate had first been suggested in 2008, by
532-606: A "bourgeois government". Three years later, Jaurès, Allemane and the possibilists founded the possibilist French Socialist Party , which supported participation in government, while Guesde and Vaillant formed the Socialist Party of France , which opposed such co-operation. In 1905, during the Globe Congress , the two groups merged in the French Section of the Workers International (SFIO). Leader of
665-408: A Presidential primary and a special low membership rate, the party's membership grew from 127,000 to 217,000 between 2005 and 2006. Many potential candidates appeared for the 2007 presidential election : François Hollande , Laurent Fabius (from the left wing of the party), Dominique Strauss-Kahn (who claimed to represent "social democracy"), Jack Lang , Martine Aubry and Ségolène Royal , who
798-479: A bit more than a hundred investitures. A MoDem candidate replaced Gaspard Gantzer [ fr ] , former communications advisor to Hollande, in Ille-et-Vilaine's 2nd constituency after fierce objections by local activists and his renunciation of the investiture, which he claimed he did not apply for, and mayor of Mont-de-Marsan Geneviève Darrieussecq and Senator Leila Aïchi , both members of
931-505: A candidate for the 1965 presidential election . Consequently, it supported the candidacy of François Mitterrand , a former minister of the Fourth Republic who had been a conservative, then a leftist independent. He was resolutely anti-Gaullist. Supported by all the left-wing parties, he obtained a good result and faced De Gaulle in an unexpected second ballot, becoming the leader of the non-Communist left. In order to exist between
1064-504: A candidate who would "resonate with a fringe Islamic-leftist"; and Salah Amokrane of the EELV against Gérard Bapt , who made a controversial trip to Syria with three other parliamentarians in 2015. In an interview on 22 May, Cambadélis envisaged a potential renaming of the PS, stating that the party should "refound, reformulate, and restructure" to respond to the demand for the "renewal, social justice and ecology", after previously resisting
1197-457: A good image in the polls, a strong loyalty to the party (as former First Secretary) and governmental experience (as former Education Minister, and the teachers were numerous and influential in the PS), he defeated Emmanuelli in the internal ballot. Then, he was defeated by Jacques Chirac in the run-off election but, given the PS crisis, his result was judged good and he returned as First Secretary. In
1330-475: A hundred votes to Philippe Kemel in 2012 ), which includes Hénin-Beaumont (whose mayor is Steeve Briois of the FN) and where she received 58.2% of votes in the second round of the presidential election. Following the announcement, her father Jean-Marie Le Pen decided not to present a candidate under the banner of the "Union of Patriots", an alliance of far-right movements presenting 200 candidates across France, in
1463-492: A moderate text and obtained 55%. Fabius's allies ("To Rally the Left") advocated more radical policies and gained 20%. Finally, another faction ("New Socialist Party") claimed it was necessary to renovate the party by proposing left-wing policies and a profound reform of French institutions. It obtained 25% of the vote. Virtually all factions agreed on a common agenda, broadly based on the moderate and pro-European majority's position with some left-wing amendments. In anticipation of
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#17327725328441596-399: A number of red lines with regard to the program of Emmanuel Macron, refusing to allow the reform of the labour code by ordonnance and abolition of the solidarity tax on wealth (ISF) on non-property assets. Former Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve led the campaign for the legislative elections. Hamon himself chose to support candidates running against prominent reformists invested by
1729-536: A referendum for the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty . He left domestic policy to his prime ministers: Michel Rocard, Édith Cresson and Pierre Bérégovoy . The party was hit by scandals about its financing and weakened by the struggle between the heirs of " Mitterrandism ". In 1990, during the Rennes Congress , the " Mitterrandist group" split between the supporters of Laurent Fabius and
1862-428: A splinter group of Socialist MPs known as frondeurs (rebels). Facing the emergence of centrist Emmanuel Macron and left-winger Jean-Luc Mélenchon , PS candidate Benoît Hamon finished 5th in the 2017 presidential election . The PS also declined to the 4th largest party in the 2017 legislative election , and to the 6th largest in 2022 . Several figures who acted at the international level have also been members of
1995-456: A split and the foundation of the dissident Unified Socialist Party (PSU). The SFIO returned to opposition in 1959. Discredited by its fluctuating policy during the Fourth Republic, it reached its lowest ebb in the 1960s. Both because of its opposition to the principle of presidential election by universal suffrage and because De Gaulle's re-election appeared inevitable, the SFIO did not nominate
2128-567: A thousand", but calling not for demonstrations on the streets but a vote for the FN. La France Insoumise , the political movement launched by Jean-Luc Mélenchon , former co-president of the Left Party (PG) who ran as a presidential candidate in both 2012 and 2017, intended to run candidates in all 577 constituencies. In a list of 410 investitures published in mid-February, gender parity was maintained, 60% of candidates came from civil society, and
2261-664: A year, however, his government collapsed over economic policy and also over the issue of the Spanish Civil War . The fall of the Popular Front caused a new split from the SFIO, with the departure of the left wing of the party, led by Marceau Pivert , to the Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party . The demoralised Left fell apart and was unable to resist the collapse of the French Third Republic after
2394-489: Is 148. No candidate was invested against Valls. Numerous candidates were invested in error, including Mourad Boudjellal , François Pupponi , and Augustin Augier, who did not apply; Stéphane Saint-André [ fr ] , an outgoing PRG deputy who renounced his investiture and raised concerns about the potential appointment of Édouard Philippe as prime minister; and Thierry Robert , an outgoing deputy who contravened
2527-738: The 1956 elections . Consequently, he was Prime Minister at the head of a minority government. But the party was in decline, as were the Radicals, and the left never came close to forming a united front. Indeed, this led Mollet to assert, "the Communist Party is not on the left, but in the East". The repressive policy of Mollet in the Algerian War and his support for Charles de Gaulle 's come-back in 1958 (the party lead called to vote "yes" in referendum on Fifth Republic 's constitution) caused
2660-489: The 1994 European Parliament election . He was overthrown by a motley coalition led by Henri Emmanuelli , a "Mitterrandist" left-winger. One year before the 1995 presidential election , the PS was affected by a leadership crisis. Rocard lost the most part of his followers after his 1994 electoral crash, Fabius was weakened by the infected blood scandal , the presidentiability of Emannuelli was questioned. The hope of some party members transferred to Jacques Delors , president of
2793-546: The Americas . Voting in metropolitan France (as well as the French overseas departments and territories of Mayotte , New Caledonia , Réunion and Wallis and Futuna , and French diplomatic missions outside the Americas ) takes place from 08:00 to 18:00 or 20:00 (local time) on Sunday 18 June. The 15th National Assembly convened on 27 June at 15:00 CEST. En Marche! , the movement founded by Emmanuel Macron , who won
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#17327725328442926-684: The Common Programme and the PCF leader Georges Marchais denounced a "turn towards the Right" of the PS. In spite of positive polls, the "Union of the Left" lost the 1978 legislative election . For the first time since 1936 , the Socialists scored better in the polls than the Communists, becoming the main left-wing party, but their defeat caused an internal crisis. Mitterrand's leadership
3059-698: The Convention of Republican Institutions led by François Mitterrand , and other groups. In the 1970s, the PS surpassed the Communist Party 's share of the left-wing vote. It first won power in 1981, when Mitterrand was elected president . The PS achieved a governing majority in the National Assembly from 1981 to 1986, and again from 1988 to 1993. PS leader Lionel Jospin lost his bid to succeed Mitterrand as president in 1995 to conservative Jacques Chirac , but he served as prime minister in
3192-541: The Democratic Movement (MoDem), which he leads, was reportedly to receive 90 constituencies, of which 50 were considered winnable, for its candidates. However, hours of the publication of the initial list, Bayrou indicated that it did not have the "approval" of the MoDem, unsatisfied with the number of constituencies for MoDem candidates, and appealed to Macron to permit joint investitures and planned to convene
3325-528: The European Commission and a favourite according to the polls, but he declined due to the radicalisation of the party which prevented his centrist strategy. Finally, Lionel Jospin , who had announced his political retirement after the loss of his parliamentary seat in 1993, came back and proposed to "take stock" of Mitterrand's inheritance. For the first time, the party members were called to nominate their candidate for presidency. Benefiting from
3458-680: The Federation of the Socialist Workers of France (FTSF), was founded in 1879. It was characterised as "possibilist" because it promoted gradual reforms . Two parties split off from it: in 1882, the French Workers' Party (POF) of Jules Guesde and Paul Lafargue (the son-in-law of Karl Marx ), then in 1890 the Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party (POSR) of Jean Allemane . At the same time,
3591-751: The Fifth Republic , along with the Rally for the Republic in the late 20th century, and with the Union for a Popular Movement in the early 2000s. It is currently led by First Secretary Olivier Faure . The PS is a member of the Party of European Socialists , Progressive Alliance and Socialist International . The PS was founded in 1969 from a merger of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO),
3724-472: The French Communist Party (PCF) formally supported the candidacy of Jean-Luc Mélenchon in the presidential election, it still ran its own candidates in the legislative elections. After Mélenchon's defeat in the first round of the presidential election, Pierre Laurent once again called for an alliance with la France Insoumise . Negotiations between the two failed to produce an agreement, and on 9 May la France Insoumise announced that it would continue on in
3857-677: The French overseas departments and territories of Mayotte , New Caledonia , Réunion and Wallis and Futuna ) took place from 08:00 to 18:00 or 20:00 (local time) on Sunday 11 June. Voting in the second round took place on Saturday 17 June from 08:00 to 18:00 (local time) in the French overseas departments and territories situated east of the International Date Line and west of metropolitan France (i.e. French Guiana , French Polynesia , Guadeloupe , Martinique , Saint Barthélemy , Saint Martin and Saint Pierre and Miquelon ), as well as at French diplomatic missions in
3990-513: The National Assembly , leaving it in 4th place in terms of seats, and with 7.44% of the 1st round vote. The Parliamentary left group that it dominated (with 30 out of 45 seats after the election, down from 280 out of 331 seats before) finished as the 3rd largest group in the National Assembly. Following the election, Cambadélis resigned from the post of first secretary and Rachid Temal was appointed as acting secretary. The Socialist group
4123-642: The Republican-Socialist Party , which supported socialist participation in liberal governments. Together with the Radicals, who wished to install laicism , the SFIO was a component of the Left Block ( Bloc des gauches ) without to sit in the government. In 1906, the General Confederation of Labour trade union claimed its independence from all political parties. The French socialists were strongly anti-war, but following
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4256-628: The Socialist Republican Union . In 1934, the Communists changed their line, and the four left-wing parties came together in the Popular Front , which won the 1936 elections and brought Blum to power as France's first SFIO Prime Minister. Indeed, for the first time in its history, the SFIO obtained more votes and seats than the Radical Party and it formed the central axis of a left-wing parliamentary majority. Within
4389-412: The 1972 Common Program . Workers' wages were increased and working hours reduced to 39, and many other sweeping reforms carried out, but the economic crisis continued. Reforms included the abolition of death penalty , creation of a solidarity tax on wealth (ISF), introduction of proportional representation in legislative elections (which was applied only at the 1986 election ), decentralization of
4522-647: The Communist International (SFIC) to join the Third International founded by Vladimir Lenin . The right wing, led by Léon Blum , kept the "old house" and remained in the SFIO. In 1924 and in 1932, the Socialists joined with the Radicals in the Coalition of the Left ( Cartel des Gauches ), but refused to join the non-Socialist governments led by the Radicals Édouard Herriot and Édouard Daladier . These governments failed because
4655-634: The Communist Party, leading the left, and the Gaullist Party , leading the country, the SFIO, Radicals, and left-wing republican groups created the Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left under Mitterrand's leadership. But unable to benefit from the May 1968 events, it imploded after its disastrous defeat at the June 1968 legislative elections . One year later, the SFIO candidate Gaston Defferre
4788-475: The EELV did not present candidates in 53 constituencies. The investiture of former housing minister Cécile Duflot was maintained despite the opposition of mayor of Paris Anne Hidalgo , as was that of Sergio Coronado , who supported Jean-Luc Mélenchon in the presidential election; however, he nevertheless faced a Socialist candidate in the legislative elections. Many of the remaining constituencies are those of Socialist deputies who backed Emmanuel Macron in
4921-551: The European Constitution , where the proposed Constitution was rejected. Fabius was ejected from the executive office of the party. The split over the European Constitution, as well as party leaders' competing ambitions to win the presidential nomination in 2007, led the party into considerable disarray. In November 2005, during the Le Mans Congress , three main groups were present. The majority supported
5054-603: The FN having failed upon the issue of joint investitures. Lutte Ouvrière (Workers' Struggle; abbreviated as LO) presented candidates in 553 constituencies, with 539 in metropolitan France, six in Réunion , four in Martinique , and four in Guadeloupe ; presidential candidate Nathalie Arthaud contested Seine-Saint-Denis's 6th constituency , where she received 3% in the 2012 legislative elections. In terms of financing,
5187-710: The FN. In Aveyron's 2nd constituency , the candidate of the Republicans later withdrew and backed that of LREM. Because the Ministry of the Interior did not report results separately for EELV, the "total vote" percentage listed below is for all ecologist candidates. Source: Ministry of the Interior * Outgoing deputy not seeking re-election ** Outgoing substitute, attached deputy seeking re-election *** Outgoing PS deputies who failed to secure their party's investiture and running for re-election without label In
5320-537: The French Fifth Republic commenced on 27 June. In France, legislative elections take place about a month after the second round of the presidential election , held on 7 May. Prior to 2002, the presidential and legislative elections were not always held in the same year; following the victory of the UMP in the 2002 legislative elections, the two were synchronized to minimize the risk of cohabitation . In
5453-638: The Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress, Alain Savary was elected First Secretary with the support of his predecessor Guy Mollet. He proposed an "ideological dialogue" with the Communists. The new party inherited the old daily Le Populaire from the SFIO, but it ceased publication soon after on 28 February 1970. Two years later, during the Epinay Congress , pro-François Mitterrand clubs ( Convention of Republican Institutions ), joined
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5586-654: The Left" died and the Communist ministers resigned. Although there were two periods of mild economic reflation (first from 1984 to 1986 and again from 1988 to 1990), monetary and fiscal restraint was the essential policy orientation of the Mitterrand presidency from 1983 onwards. The PS lost its majority in the French National Assembly in 1986, forcing Mitterrand to "cohabit" with the conservative government of Jacques Chirac . Nevertheless, Mitterrand
5719-418: The MoDem executive bureau, received investitures. Bayrou's party hopes to elect at least 15 deputies, necessary for the formation of a parliamentary group in the National Assembly; additionally, to be reimbursed for expenses, the party must receive at least 1% of the vote in at least 50 constituencies where it is present. Public financing is also allocated as a function of the number of elected officials, hence
5852-548: The National Assembly. The 577 members of the National Assembly are elected using a two-round system with single-member constituencies . Candidates for the legislative elections had five days, from Monday 15 May to 18:00 on Friday 19 May, to declare and register their candidacy. The official campaign ran from 22 May to 10 June at midnight, while the campaign for the second round runs from 12 June at midnight to 17 June at midnight, with eligible candidates required to declare their presence by 18:00 CEST on 13 June. To be elected in
5985-467: The PCF published a list of 484 candidates invested in the legislative elections, refraining from appearing in a number of constituencies in favor of candidates from la France Insoumise, EELV, PS, or Ensemble! ( Clémentine Autain ). According to the PCF, 40% of its candidates were younger than 50, and 20% younger than 40, with an average age of 51; a quarter were retired, 26% employees, 20% civil servants, and 7% manual workers. PCF candidates campaigned under
6118-596: The PS by the end of the Seventies. One was represented by the Mitterrandists who wanted reform but not a complete break with capitalism. A second faction was led by Michel Rocard and his supporters, who sought social democracy with a strong measure of autogestion, while a third faction formed around Jean-Pierre Chevènement and the CERES group which stood for revolutionary socialism. In 1981, Mitterrand defeated
6251-776: The PS, including Jacques Delors , who was the president of the European Commission from 1985 to 1994 and the first person to serve three terms in that office; Dominique Strauss-Kahn , who was the managing director of the International Monetary Fund from 2007 to 2011; and Pascal Lamy , who was Director-General of the World Trade Organization from 2005 to 2013. Party membership has declined precipitously, standing at 22,000 members in 2021, down from 42,300 in 2016, 60,000 in 2014 and 173,486 members in 2012. However, before
6384-426: The PS. They represented the "left-wing Christian" and non-Marxist group. The most conservative members of the PS, they advocated an alignment of French socialism along the lines of European social democracy , that is, a clear acceptance of the market economy . While the "Union of the Left" triumphed at the 1977 municipal election, the electoral rise of the PS worried the Communist Party. The two parties failed to update
6517-399: The Republic and Union for French Democracy ), as well as the Communist Party. Mitterrand attempted to carry out socialist-inspired reforms (the 110 Propositions ), furthering the dirigiste economic planning trends of the preceding conservative governments. The Prime Minister Pierre Mauroy nationalised the banks, the insurance industry and the defence industries, in accordance with
6650-433: The Republicans (LR). After his victory in the presidential election, Macron resigned his post as president of En Marche!, with Catherine Barbaroux appointed as interim president. The movement, renamed, presented candidates under the label of "La République En Marche!"; though the full list of 577 investitures was to be published on 11 May, Jean-Paul Delevoye , president of the investiture commission, later indicated that
6783-401: The Republicans reserving them 96 constituencies, including the 28 seats currently held by outgoing deputies, and preparing primaries in 42 constituencies between UDI and LR candidates. On 15 May, some 173 LR and UDI elected officials and personalities, including Jean-Louis Borloo , Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet , Christian Estrosi , and Thierry Solère , appealed to their fellows to "respond to
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#17327725328446916-418: The Socialist Party candidate for the 2012 presidential election . The nominations for the candidacy were opened on 28 June. Though he had not officially declared his candidacy, Dominique Strauss-Kahn , a prominent member of the Socialist Party and the managing director of the International Monetary Fund was the polls' clear favorite to defeat the incumbent conservative president, Nicolas Sarkozy. But he faced
7049-477: The Socialist Party has experienced considerable difficulty in formulating an alternative to right-wing policy. On 1 December 2004, 59% of Socialist Party members approved the proposed European Constitution . However, several well-known members of the Party, including Laurent Fabius , and left-wingers Henri Emmanuelli and Jean-Luc Mélenchon , asked the public for a "no" vote in the 29 May 2005 French referendum on
7182-523: The Socialist Party won 186 out of 577 seats, and about 10 affiliated, gain of 40 seats. After the winning March 2008 municipal election, the campaign with a view to the Reims Congress started. Some candidates proposed to succeed François Hollande , who had announced he will not compete for another term as First Secretary: In the pre-vote, the text of Royal arrived the first with 29%, followed by Delanoë (25%), Aubry (25%) and Hamon (19%). A part of
7315-483: The Socialist Party, backing Michel Nouaille of the French Communist Party (PCF) against former Prime Minister Manuel Valls , whom he defeated in the presidential primary ; the feminist Caroline de Haas [ fr ] of EELV/PCF against Myriam El Khomri , namesake of her labour law ; Philippe Rio of the PCF against Malek Boutih , a Socialist running under the banner of the presidential majority (having been denied an investiture) who violently denounced Hamon as
7448-438: The Socialist Party. Since the announcement that "La République En Marche!" would be transformed into a formal political party, however, the conditions of securing an investiture tightened considerably, with candidates expected to be "administratively" attached to the party to prevent public funding (distributed on the basis of electoral results) from being received by the PS or the Republicans. The initial list of 428 investitures
7581-576: The Socialist Prime Minister Paul Ramadier dismissed the Communist ministers. Blum proposed the construction of a Third Force with the centre-left and the centre-right, against the Gaullists and the Communists. However, his candidate to lead of the SFIO, Daniel Mayer , was defeated by Guy Mollet . Mollet was supported by the left wing of the party. Paradoxically, he spoke a Marxist language without questioning
7714-481: The Socialists and the Radicals could not agree on economic policy, and also because the Communists, following the policy laid down by the Soviet Union, refused to support governments presiding over capitalist economies. The question of the possibility of a government participation with Radicals caused the split of " neosocialists " at the beginning of the 1930s. They merged with the Republican-Socialist Party in
7847-419: The aftermath of the legislative elections, the split between Macron-compatible "constructives" within the Republicans (LR) and the rest of the party re-emerged. On 21 June, Thierry Solère announced the creation of a new common group in the National Assembly with the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) likely to contain the 18 UDI deputies and about 15 LR. The formation of two parliamentary groups on
7980-558: The alliance with the centre and the centre-right. His leadership was shaken when the party divided in 1954 about the European Defence Community . Half of the SFIO parliamentary group voted "no", against the instructions of the party leaders. This led to the failure of the project. But later, Mollet got involved the SFIO in the build of a centre-left coalition, the Republican Front , which won a plurality in
8113-426: The ambitions of the MoDem. On 2 May, François Baroin was appointed by the political bureau of the Republicans (LR) to head the campaign for the legislative elections. A week before, he said that he would be available to serve as Prime Minister in a cohabitation government under Emmanuel Macron and considered it impossible not to run on the same program as its defeated presidential candidate François Fillon , who
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#17327725328448246-461: The appointment of three LR personalities as ministers in the government – Édouard Philippe, Bruno Le Maire , and Gérald Darmanin – in its attempt at a recomposition of politics infringed upon the space occupied by the party. Emphasizing that many mobilized merely against Le Pen and not for Macron, he wielded the party's program, borrowing elements from that of Fillon's. The National Front (FN), led by Marine Le Pen , ended its pre-investitures for
8379-476: The assassination of Jaurès in 1914 they were unable to resist the wave of militarism which followed the outbreak of World War I. They suffered a severe split over participation in the wartime government of national unity. In 1919 the anti-war socialists were heavily defeated in elections. In 1920, during the Tours Congress , the majority and left wing of the party broke away and formed the French Section of
8512-553: The average age was only 43 years, with the youngest at 19 years old. Candidates were selected after the national committee reviewed online applications of prospects. The constituencies contested by the movement included some held or contested by members of the French Communist Party (PCF). Relations deteriorated between the two, and in early May la France Insoumise proposed that the groupings withdraw competing candidacies in 26 constituencies. However, on 9 May, campaign spokesman Manuel Bompard said that there would be no accord between
8645-480: The banner of La France insoumise . The primary was won by Socialist rebel Benoît Hamon , who defeated ex-Prime Minister Manuel Valls in the second round of the primary on 29 January 2017. Hamon finished fifth in the subsequent Presidential election, with 6.36% of the vote. In the 2017 legislative election that followed the election of President Emmanuel Macron , the Socialist party dropped from 280 to 30 seats in
8778-555: The centre-left and centre-right in the legislative elections. The movement founded by Jean-Luc Mélenchon , la France Insoumise (FI), secured 17 seats, enough for a group in the National Assembly. Among other major parties, the French Communist Party (PCF) secured ten and the National Front (FN) obtained eight seats. Both rounds of the legislative election were marked by record low turnout. In total, 206 MPs lost reelection , and 424 (75%) elected MPs were new members. There
8911-405: The centrist Democratic Movement (MoDem); together, the two parties won 350 of the 577 seats—a substantial majority—in the National Assembly, including an outright majority of 308 seats for LREM. The Socialist Party (PS) was reduced to 30 seats and the Republicans (LR) reduced to 112 seats, and both parties' allies also suffered from a marked drop in support; these were the lowest-ever scores for
9044-470: The constituency. Following the victory of Macron in the presidential election, Le Pen stated that she did not deem the proposed reform of the labour code as a priority, criticizing the planned usage of ordonnances as a coup de force and believing that amending it to allow greater flexibility was nothing more than a demand of large employers. She also further critiqued the plans as the El Khomri law "times
9177-459: The election of François Mitterrand in the presidential election of 1981. Between 1981 and 1983, he began putting Programme commun into action. The Keynesian -inspired policies led to an increase in the fiscal deficit and the trade deficit . To keep France in the European Monetary System , a different approach was needed. In March 1983, Mitterrand did a U-turn by cancelling the parts of Programme commun that had been already passed, which
9310-469: The first round of the presidential election, on 23 April, Emmanuel Macron of En Marche! and Marine Le Pen of the National Front (FN) advanced to the runoff after placing first and second, respectively, and were followed closely by François Fillon of the Republicans (LR) and Jean-Luc Mélenchon of la France Insoumise (FI). In the first round, Macron led in 240 constituencies, against 216 for Le Pen, 67 for Mélenchon, and 54 for Fillon. Macron won
9443-539: The first round took place from 08:00 to 18:00 (local time) on Saturday 3 June in French Polynesia and at French diplomatic missions in the Americas , and on Sunday 4 June at French diplomatic missions outside the Americas . Voting in the French overseas departments and territories in the Americas (i.e. French Guiana , Guadeloupe , Martinique , Saint Barthélemy , Saint Martin , and Saint Pierre and Miquelon ) took place from 08:00 to 18:00 (local time) on Saturday 10 June. Voting in metropolitan France (as well as
9576-421: The first round, a candidate was required to secure an absolute majority of votes cast, and also to secure votes equal to at least 25% of eligible voters in their constituency. Should none of the candidates satisfy these conditions, a second round of voting ensues. Only first-round candidates with the support of at least 12.5% of eligible voters are allowed to participate, but if only 1 candidate meets that standard
9709-809: The first round: Sylvain Maillard (LREM) in Paris's 1st , Paul Molac (LREM) in Morbihan's 4th , Napole Polutele (DVG) in Wallis and Futuna's 1st , and Stéphane Demilly of the UDI in Somme's 5th constituencies. In the remaining 573 constituencies, it was determined that there would be 572 two-way contests in the second round, and only one three-way contest ( triangulaire ), in Aube's 1st constituency , involving LREM, LR, and
9842-592: The friends of Lionel Jospin . Furthermore, a part of the left wing of the party, led by Jean-Pierre Chevènement split off due to his opposition to the Gulf War and the Maastricht Treaty. This section created the Citizen and Republican Movement (MDC). Finally, many on the left were disappointed by the results of the Socialist governments. At the 1993 legislative election , the PS did poorly, returning to
9975-454: The goal of his strategy was "to regain 3 million of the 5 million of PCF voters". The left, and notably the Socialist Party, experienced an electoral recovery at the 1973 legislative election . Mitterrand, the candidate of the left-wing alliance, came close to winning the 1974 presidential election . Indeed, he obtained 49.2% of votes in the second round. At the end of 1974, some PSU members, including leader Michel Rocard , re-joined
10108-460: The hand extended by the president", after which the Republicans published a counter-appeal, insisting that "France needs more than ever a majority of the right and centre in the National Assembly". On 20 May, Baroin launched the campaign of the Republicans at the Bois de Vincennes , determined to impose cohabitation upon Macron and provide him with the "majority needed by France", a goal complicated by
10241-638: The heirs of Louis Auguste Blanqui , a symbol of the French revolutionary tradition, created the Central Revolutionary Committee (CRC) led by Édouard Vaillant . There were also some declared socialist deputies such as Alexandre Millerand and Jean Jaurès who did not belong to any party. In 1899, the participation of Millerand in Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau 's cabinet caused a debate about socialist participation in
10374-495: The idea in 2014 when the possibility was mentioned by Valls while Prime Minister. In exchange for the withdrawal of ecologist candidate Yannick Jadot in the presidential election in favor of Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon in February, the PS agreed to reserve 42 constituencies for the EELV (including all those of its outgoing deputies), and the accord was formally approved by EELV on 19 April. The agreement also provided that
10507-430: The inclusion of LR personalities in the formation the cabinet , and principally by the selection of Édouard Philippe as Prime Minister . In his speech, Baroin made his case for a "majority without ambiguity, without pretense. A real majority and not a majority of circumstances, meetings, and personal ambitions", describing the legislative elections before an audience of nearly 2,000 as "the mother of battles". Meanwhile,
10640-498: The incumbent conservative, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing , to become the first socialist of the Fifth Republic to be elected President of France by universal suffrage. He dissolved the National Assembly and, for the first time in their history, the French Socialists won an absolute majority of the seats. This landslide victory for the Socialists took place to the detriment of the right-wing parliamentary parties ( Rally for
10773-401: The independent left-leaning think tank Terra Nova . The Socialist Party decided to hold a presidential primary in 2017, against the backdrop of the unprecedented unpopularity of incumbent François Hollande , with a 4 percent approval rating, who announced on 1 December 2016 that he would not seek re-election, making him the first president of the Fifth Republic not to seek a second term. It
10906-484: The label of "PCF– Front de Gauche ". Debout la France (Arise France; abbreviated as DLF), led by former presidential candidate Nicolas Dupont-Aignan , intended to present candidates in all 577 constituencies; despite Dupont-Aignan's support of Le Pen in the second round, he reiterated that DLF candidates would face those of the FN, and the national council of Debout la France stated on 13 May that it would invest candidates in almost all constituencies, negotiations with
11039-426: The left and right considered "Macron-compatible" were not contested; Delevoye stated that some twenty constituencies for overseas France were frozen due to local party financing peculiarities, with other vacated constituencies for other political personalities apparently interested in joining in the presidential majority. On 15 May, Édouard Philippe, a deputy of the Republicans, was appointed as Prime Minister. After
11172-415: The left wing split and founded the Left Party . During the Reims Congress , which happened in a very tense climate, the leaders of the factions failed to form a majority. Consequently, the PS members had to elect directly the next First Secretary. Disappointed by his result in the pre-vote, Delanoë renounced and called to vote for Aubry. On 22 November 2008, it was announced that Aubry had defeated Royal by
11305-458: The legislative elections in December 2016. The average age of the candidates is 47 years, with near-gender parity and almost 80% of candidates already having a local mandate (i.e., within a municipal, departmental, or regional council), compared to a rate of barely 10% in 2012. Some 50 constituencies were planned to be possibly contested by joint candidacies with Debout la France (DLF) following
11438-427: The legislative elections without allying with the PCF. PCF candidates who sponsored the candidacy of Mélenchon in the presidential election did not face any opposing candidate from la France Insoumise. The PCF and FI were face-to-face in almost all constituencies, with the PCF planning to invest 535 candidates and FI almost as many, though the possibility of a withdrawal from 20 or so constituencies remained. On 16 May,
11571-714: The legislative elections. Among the list of 553 candidates already invested by the FN include Florian Philippot in Moselle's 6th , Gilbert Collard in Gard's 2nd , Stéphane Ravier in Bouches-du-Rhône's 3rd , Wallerand de Saint-Just in Paris's 13th , and Sophie Montel in Doubs's 4th . Of the 553 candidates in the initial list, 86% are candidates not previously invested in 2012, with nearly 70% holding at least one elected office. The expulsion of Jean-Marie Le Pen from
11704-588: The legislature, the PS reconstructed a coalition with other left-wing parties: the French Communist Party , the Greens , the Radical Party of the Left , and the MDC. This " Plural Left " won the 1997 legislative election and Jospin became Prime Minister of the third " cohabitation ". His policy was broadly progressive. The Aubry laws reduced the working time to 35 hours a week, while Universal medical insurance
11837-440: The levels of the SFIO in the 1960s. The Socialist group of the National Assembly numbered 53 deputies against 260 during the previous term. Rocard became First Secretary of the party, and was considered the "natural candidate" for the next presidential election. He called for a political "big bang", an agreement with the centre and the centre-right, but his efforts were in vain. One year later, his party obtained only 14% of votes at
11970-605: The military defeat of 1940. After the liberation of France in 1944, the SFIO re-emerged in a coalition with a powerful French Communist Party (PCF), which became the largest left-wing party, and the Christian democratic Popular Republican Movement (MRP). This alliance installed the main elements of the French welfare state and the French Fourth Republic , but it did not survive the Cold War. In May 1947,
12103-428: The movement received nearly 15,000 applications by late April. For nominations sought by those in the political world, the popularity, establishment, and ability to appear in the media of applicants are also considered, with the most difficult cases adjudicated by Macron himself. To represent themselves under the label of La République En Marche!, however, outgoing deputies must decide to leave the Socialist Party (PS) or
12236-445: The narrow margin of 42 votes, and Royal asked for a recount. After checking, Martine Aubry was elected by a margin of 102 votes and 50.03% of votes. Denouncing frauds, Royal's team threatened to lodge a complaint before to renounce. After that, the public image of the party was deteriorated. In the 2009 European Parliament election , the PS did not succeed to benefit from the unpopularity of President Sarkozy. It obtained only 16.5% of
12369-515: The outgoing deputies invested by La République En Marche! , Frédéric Barbier , deputy for Doubs's 4th constituency , was the only one to also remain invested by the PS; Christophe Borgel [ fr ] , national secretary of elections for the Socialist Party, stated that Barbier would retain his investiture as he was the "best to fight the National Front". The party presented its own candidates in more than 400 constituencies, with
12502-410: The parliamentary group and director of the party paper L'Humanité , Jaurès was its most influential figure. The party was hemmed in between the middle-class liberals of the Radical Party and the revolutionary syndicalists who dominated the trade unions. Furthermore, the goal to rally all the Socialists in one single party was partially reached: some elects refused to join the SFIO and created
12635-824: The party accumulated some €2 million to cover costs. The New Anticapitalist Party (NPA) was unlikely to present candidates in the legislative elections due to the potentially high cost for the party, as campaign expenses are reimbursed only if a party's candidates attain 1% in at least 50 constituencies. Mouvement 100%, a coalition of 28 parties, including the Independent Ecological Alliance (AEI), planned to present candidates in all 577 constituencies. The Popular Republican Union (UPR) of François Asselineau planned to present candidates in all 577 constituencies, with 574 ultimately invested. Alliance Royale (AR) presented candidates in 20 constituencies. [REDACTED] Four deputies were elected in
12768-707: The party in August 2015 was followed by the departure of a number of his companions, who as a result were not invested as candidates. A number of mayors elected in the 2014 municipal elections chose not to stand in order to retain their local mandates, including Julien Sanchez in Beaucaire , Franck Briffaut in Villers-Cotterêts , and David Rachline in Fréjus . The alliance with the small party of Paul-Marie Coûteaux , Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms (SIEL),
12901-642: The party. Mitterrand defeated the Savary-Mollet duo by proposing an electoral programme with the Communists and took the lead. A new emblem, the fist and rose , was adopted to signal change in 1971. In 1972, the Common Programme was signed with the PCF and Radical Party of the Left . During the Socialist International conference, he explained the alliance of left-wing parties is a yearning of French left-wing voters. In this,
13034-647: The party; Faure announced the party would be in opposition to Macron and Philippe. Because of financial problems, the party was forced to sell its historical seat in Rue de Solférino and moved into a smaller one in Rue Molière , on Ivry-sur-Seine . Following the Benalla affair , the Socialist Party entered a motion of no confidence against the government, together with the French Communist Party and La France Insoumise . The motions obtained 63 ayes and failed to reach
13167-472: The political bureau of his party on 12 May. He was also unhappy with what he called a "recycling operation of the PS"; according to a tally by MoDem officials, among the 428 investitures announced, 153 were granted to PS/ex-PS/PRG, 38 to the MoDem, 25 to LR or miscellaneous right, 15 to UDI/ex-UDI, and 197 to civil society figures. On 12 May, Bayrou announced that he had secured a "solid and balanced" draft agreement, claiming that his party would ultimately obtain
13300-416: The presidential election under its banner, planned to run candidates in all 577 constituencies under the banner of "La République En Marche!", of which at least half were planned to be from civil society – the other half having previously held political office – and half women. No "double investiture" was permitted, though the original requirement of prospective candidates to leave their previous political party
13433-452: The presidential election, as well as in ridings in which the second round of the legislative elections could foreseeably be fought between the right and the FN. On 9 May, the national bureau of the Socialist Party approved its three-page platform for the legislative elections entitled "a clear contract for France, a constructive and solidary left". It abandoned many of the proposals of its defeated presidential candidate Benoît Hamon and drew
13566-919: The presidential election, such as Alain Calmette [ fr ] in Cantal's 1st , Olivier Véran in Isère's 1st , Jean-Louis Touraine in Rhône's 3rd , Corinne Erhel in Côtes-d'Armor's 5th , Richard Ferrand in Finistère's 6th , Jean-Jacques Bridey in Val-de-Marne's 7th , Stéphane Travert in Manche's 3rd , and Christophe Castaner in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence's 2nd constituency. Of
13699-647: The presidential election. On 15 May, the EELV revealed its list of candidates for the legislative elections, investing 459 candidates (228 men and 231 women) and supporting 52 Socialists, 16 Communists, and François Ruffin under the banner of la France Insoumise . From the ranks of the party's leaders, national secretary David Cormand presented himself in Seine-Maritime's 4th , deputy national secretary Sandrine Rousseau in Pas-de-Calais's 9th , and spokesperson Julien Bayou in Paris's 5th . Though
13832-530: The quorum of 289 votes required in the National Assembly . 2017 French legislative election Édouard Philippe LR Édouard Philippe DVD Legislative elections were held in France on 11 and 18 June 2017 (with different dates for voters overseas) to elect the 577 members of the 15th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic . They followed the two-round presidential election won by Emmanuel Macron . The centrist party he founded in 2016, La République En Marche! (LREM), led an alliance with
13965-551: The rallying of Nicolas Dupont-Aignan to Le Pen after the second round of the presidential election, but on 14 May the FN announced the suspension of the agreement, intending to invest candidates in all 577 constituencies as a result, reversing the "principle of accord" on joint investitures that had been agreed upon earlier. The FN ran a candidate against Dupont-Aignan, the sitting deputy for Essonne's 8th constituency . Outgoing deputy Marion Maréchal-Le Pen announced her intention to leave politics on 9 May, and as such did not run in
14098-479: The requirement of not having a criminal history. The list was further updated on 15 May with an additional 83 candidates, of which half were proposed by the MoDem, bringing the overall total to 511, and leaving 66 constituencies to be decided, of which about 30 are reserved for figures on the right and left who expressed support for Macron's project and most of the rest constituencies for overseas departments; ultimately, 51 constituencies with outgoing deputies on both
14231-412: The rest reserved for its allies Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV), the Union of Democrats and Ecologists (UDE), and the Radical Party of the Left (PRG). First Secretary Jean-Christophe Cambadélis also indicated that the PS hoped to open discussions with la France Insoumise and En Marche! for agreements in constituencies where Le Pen obtained more than 60 percent of the vote in the second round of
14364-450: The second round of voting but lost with 46.94% to Nicolas Sarkozy on 6 May 2007. Immediately after her defeat several party bosses (notably Strauss-Kahn), held Ségolène Royal personally responsible for the unsuccessful campaign. At the same time, some personalities of the right wing of the party (such as Bernard Kouchner ) accepted to join the government nominated by Nicolas Sarkozy. In the 10 and 17 June 2007 National Assembly elections ,
14497-532: The second round on 7 May against Le Pen, securing 66.1% of valid votes. Upon the close of nominations for the legislative election, the Ministry of the Interior published a final list on 23 May containing a total of 7,882 candidates, with an average of 14 candidates within each constituency. The 2017 legislative election was the first held after the legal abolition of the dual mandate in France in 2014; deputies will no longer be allowed to concurrently serve in local government, frequently as mayors, upon election to
14630-640: The selection of ministers to the newly formed government on 17 May, the movement announced that it would not invest candidates in 56 constituencies, hoping to protect a number of those on the left and right who had expressed support but not rallied, with the possibility of adjustments before the deadline on 19 May. Appointed ministers contesting the legislative elections were obligated to resign if not elected: namely, Christophe Castaner , Marielle de Sarnez , Richard Ferrand , Annick Girardin , Bruno Le Maire , and Mounir Mahjoubi ; all six were eventually elected. After François Bayrou endorsed Macron in February,
14763-503: The start of the 2023 Marseille Congress, the party announced that it had more than 41,000 members, almost double that of the previous count announced during the 2021 Villeurbanne Congress. By November 2024, the Socialist Party claimed 47,000 members. The defeat of the Paris Commune (1871) greatly reduced the power and influence of the socialist movements in France. Its leaders were killed or exiled. France's first socialist party,
14896-620: The state (1982–83 laws), repeal of price liberalization for books ( Lang Law of 1981), etc. As early as 1982, Mitterrand faced a clear choice between maintaining France's membership in the European Monetary System , and thus the country's commitment to European integration , and pursuing his socialist reforms. He chose the former, starting the Socialist Party's acceptance of the private market economy. In 1984, Mitterrand and his second Prime Minister, Laurent Fabius , clearly abandoned any further socialist measures. The "Union of
15029-406: The support of the main Socialist personalities, against the left wing of the party. In the 2004 regional elections , the Socialists had a major comeback. In coalition with the former "Plural Left", they gained power in 20 of the 22 metropolitan regions (all except Alsace and Corsica ) and in the four overseas regions. The party benefited from increasing frustration with right-wing parties. However,
15162-420: The total published that day would be "about 450". The delay was attributed to an influx of applications following Macron's victory in the presidential election – more than a thousand, bringing the total to over 16,000 – with additional complexity arising from the interest of former Prime Minister Manuel Valls in standing as a La République En Marche! candidate without either submitting an application or leaving
15295-410: The two candidates with the highest number of votes in the first round may continue to the second round. In the 2017 election, four deputies were elected in the first round . In the second round, the candidate with a plurality is elected. Of the 577 constituencies, 539 are in metropolitan France , 27 are in overseas departments and territories and 11 are for French citizens living abroad. Voting in
15428-466: The two parties in the legislative elections and blamed the PCF for the failure to reach an agreement. On 11 May, Mélenchon announced that he would stand as a candidate in Bouches-du-Rhône's 4th constituency in a letter addressed to the adherents of his movement in Marseille , where the riding is located; he came first in the city during the first round of the presidential election, with almost 25% of
15561-453: The vote and only just got ahead of Europe Ecology (16.3%). However, the PS strengthened its network of local elects in winning comfortably the 2010 departmental and regional elections. In September 2011, for the first time a Socialist, Jean-Pierre Bel , was elected Chairman of the Senate of France . Candidates for the presidency of France contested an open primary on 9 October 2011 to select
15694-425: The vote, and in the constituency he received 39.09%, far ahead of both Macron and Le Pen and one of his best scores nationally. The constituency was then held by Socialist deputy Patrick Mennucci , considered a "friend" by Mélenchon himself. The first wave of 395 Socialist candidates for the legislative elections was invested on 17 December 2016, including a number who supported of the candidacy of Emmanuel Macron in
15827-485: The vote. He announced his retirement from politics, and the PS called on its supporters to vote for Chirac in order to defeat the far-right National Front leader Jean-Marie Le Pen , who had surprisingly advanced to the run-off. Two months later, the "Plural Left" lost the 2002 legislative election . François Hollande , who became First Secretary in 1997, was re-elected in 2003 during the Dijon Congress with
15960-583: Was a record number of women elected. The average age of parliamentarians decreased from 54 to 48. Ludovic Pajot from the National Rally became the new Baby of the House , being elected at the age of 23. Édouard Philippe , appointed as Prime Minister by Macron following his victory in the presidential election, was reappointed following the second round of the legislative elections and presented his second government by 21 June. The 15th legislature of
16093-425: Was also set against the fragmentation of the left between three major candidates, with polls indicating that the party's candidate would come in fifth, behind the National Front 's Marine Le Pen , François Fillon of the centre-right Republicans , Emmanuel Macron , former economy minister under Hollande who founded his centrist political movement, En Marche! , and left-wing ex-Socialist Jean-Luc Mélenchon under
16226-426: Was broken in 2016; the party in 2012 provided 34 of the candidates invested by the FN. Le Pen herself was reluctant to introduce herself as a candidate after her defeat in the presidential election, with initial hopes of 80 to 100 deputies within the FN revised sharply downwards to 15 target constituencies. On 18 May, she confirmed that she would once again run in Pas-de-Calais's 11th constituency (where she lost by
16359-482: Was challenged by Rocard, who wanted to abandon the Common Programme which he considered archaic and unrealistic. Mitterrand felt that the left could not win without the alliance between the Socialists and the Communists. In 1979, Mitterrand won the Metz Congress , then, despite Rocard's popularity, was chosen as PS candidate for the 1981 presidential election . Three major tendencies or factions emerged within
16492-558: Was eliminated in the first round of the 1969 presidential election , with only 5% of votes. In 1969, during the Alfortville Congress , the SFIO was replaced by the Socialist Party ( Parti socialiste or PS). It was joined by pro- Pierre Mendès-France clubs ( Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left led by Alain Savary ) and left-wing republican groups ( Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs of Jean Poperen ). During
16625-417: Was eliminated in the first round of the presidential election, in the legislative elections. Baroin has indicated pessimism with regard to the prospects of the Republicans in the legislative elections, saying "At 150 [seats] is good. From 100 to 150 is not bad. Below 100 is a failure." The platform of the Republicans for the legislative election, published on 10 May, breaks with that of its defeated Fillon, who
16758-401: Was eliminated in the first round, on several points. Though it preserved the plans to eliminate the 35-hour workweek and reform to the solidarity tax on wealth (ISF) on which he campaigned, it differed on terrorism, immigration, family, and European policy. The party ran in alliance with the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI), whose executive bureau on 7 March approved an accord with
16891-450: Was favoured according to the polls. Some Socialist leaders asked Jospin to return. He declared he was "available" then finally refused. On 16 November 2006, the members of the Socialist Party chose Ségolène Royal to be their candidate with a majority of 60%. Her challengers, Strauss-Kahn and Fabius, obtained 21% and 19% respectively. After obtaining 25.87% of the vote in the first round of France's presidential elections, Royal qualified for
17024-510: Was instituted. However, the policy of privatisation was pursued. His coalition dissolved when the MDC leader Jean-Pierre Chevènement resigned from the Cabinet. The Green and Communist allies were weakened by their governmental participation. The 2002 presidential election was focused on the theme of insecurity. Jospin, again the Socialists' candidate, was eliminated in the first round due to there being too many left-wing candidates who split
17157-485: Was re-elected President in 1988 with a moderate programme entitled "United France". He proposed neither nationalisations nor privatisations . He chose as Prime Minister the most popular and moderate of the Socialist politicians, Michel Rocard. His cabinet included four centre-right ministers but it was supported by only a plurality in the National Assembly elected in June 1988 . During his second term, Mitterrand focused on foreign policy and European integration. He convened
17290-465: Was revealed on 11 May, with exact gender parity (214 men and 214 women), with 94% of candidates not outgoing deputies; 93% employed, 2% looking for work, 4% retired, 1% students; 52% from civil society; an average age of 46 (the youngest being 24 and oldest being 62), compared to 60 for outgoing deputies; and 24 current deputies, mostly Socialists, invested under the label of La République En Marche! The total number of remaining investitures to be concluded
17423-432: Was sometimes referred to as the "austerity turn". Socialist Party (France) The Socialist Party ( French : Parti socialiste , [paʁti sɔsjalist] , PS ) is a centre-left to left-wing political party in France. It holds social-democratic and pro-European views. The PS was for decades the largest party of the " French Left " and used to be one of the two major political parties under
17556-608: Was ultimately refounded as the New Left (NG). On 1 July 2017, Hamon left the Socialist Party and founded the 1st July Movement (later renamed Génération.s). The Socialist Party abstained from the confidence vote on the Second Philippe government . The party later elected 78 senators in the 2017 election . On 7–8 April 2018, the Aubervilliers Congress elected Olivier Faure as new first secretary of
17689-422: Was waived by Macron on 5 May. In addition to those parameters, he specified in his initial press conference on 19 January that he would require that candidates demonstrate "probity" (disqualifying any prospective candidates with a criminal record), "political plurality" (representing the threads of the movement), and "efficacy". Those wishing to seek the investiture of En Marche! were required to sign up online, and
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