38-537: Community safety accreditation schemes enable the chief constable of a police force in the United Kingdom (Except Scotland) to grant a limited range of police powers to employees of non-police organisations bolstering community safety. Community safety accreditation schemes were created under section 40 of the Police Reform Act 2002 . Individuals who have been granted these powers are known under
76-644: A head constable , although this rank was superseded by chief constable in most forces in the later 19th century and early 20th century and was almost completely abolished by the Police Act 1919 . Liverpool City Police was the only large force to retain it until then. The first woman to hold the rank of chief constable was Pauline Clare , appointed Chief Constable of the Lancashire Constabulary on 14 June 1995. The population of areas for which chief constables are responsible varies from under
114-416: A criminal offence to assault , resist or obstruct an accredited person in the execution of their duty, or impersonate an accredited person. A person accredited under a community safety accreditation scheme has to be assessed as suitable to exercise the powers, trained by an Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) approved provider in their use, and vetted to a national standard. The Act also requires that
152-493: A force with a similar number of officers who made 7,460 arrests annually in the latest annual figures. During the year 2010–2011, the CNC made 12 arrests, although two of those people were de-arrested at the scene (one when it was realised that the person was not wanted on warrant after all and another where it was decided that police action was not appropriate in relation to an alleged assault). From 1 October 2012 to 31 March 2019,
190-517: A hundred thousand to two or three million, and it is commonplace for chief constables for larger force areas to be drawn from the chief constables of smaller forces. A chief constable has no senior officer. Prior to 2012, a chief constable was responsible to a police authority . In England and Wales , the chief constable is now appointed by and accountable to the Police and Crime Commissioner of their service, or to an elected mayor , who may also dismiss
228-405: A total of 1,406 people in 95 organisations. Nineteen of the employing organisations were private companies. Essex Police had accredited the most people—291 individuals in 25 organisations. The powers which had been granted most widely (by more than 20 forces) were the power to seize alcohol from a person aged under 18 in a designated place, the power to seize tobacco from a person under 16, and
266-661: Is also held by the chief officers of the principal Crown Dependency police forces (the Isle of Man Constabulary , States of Guernsey Police Service , and States of Jersey Police ) and the Sovereign Base Areas Police in Cyprus. The title was also held, ex officio , by the president of the Association of Chief Police Officers under the Police Reform Act 2002 . It was also the title of the chief officer of
304-730: Is in regular contact with the CNC and the UK security services . The CNC is one of the three special police forces of the United Kingdom, the others being the British Transport Police and the Ministry of Defence Police . Unlike these other two forces, the CNC was not included in the provisions setting out 'extended jurisdiction' as per the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 . This allows officers of
342-399: Is maintained, while eight are Support Units, which have an overt armed police presence. In 2007, the CNC adopted a structure similar to other police forces when it introduced three Basic Command Units , each headed by a superintendent , based around the geographical locations it polices. This has now changed to two units, each headed by a chief superintendent as follows: Funding comes from
380-809: The Avon and Somerset Constabulary area, examples of Schemes include: In the Essex Police area, employees of a number of organisations have been accredited: In the South Yorkshire Police area, employees of a number of organisations have been accredited: In the Nottinghamshire Police area: An audit published by the Home Office in August 2008 showed that 21 out of 42 police forces had granted Accredited Person status to
418-798: The Energy Act 2004 . The act sets up the Civil Nuclear Police Authority and the position of chief constable, defines the powers of members of the constabulary, mandates that His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary must inspect the force and amends several other acts. It falls under the remit of the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero instead of the Home Office . The CNC's Annual Report for 2010–2011 (page 15) states that "...the crime dealt with by officers at civil nuclear sites remains low in volume. The management and investigation of crime does not form any part of
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#1732787964047456-757: The Royal Parks Constabulary until this agency was disbanded in 2004. Throughout the United Kingdom and Crown Dependencies there are currently fifty chief constables. These consist of the chief officers of 37 English territorial forces outside London, four Welsh territorial forces, the Police Service of Scotland, the Police Service of Northern Ireland , three special national forces and three Crown Dependency constabularies. The chief officers of some police departments in Canada also hold
494-432: The United Kingdom , concerned fears that the new forces might become paramilitary agents of central government control. To this day other British police ranks , such as inspector and superintendent , are determinedly non-paramilitary – only police sergeants hold a quasi-military rank and even then the term sergeant had long existed as a non-military officer of subordinate rank. The County Police Act 1839 gave
532-563: The United Kingdom's nuclear weapons ; this role is the responsibility of the British Armed Forces and the Ministry of Defence Police . The core role of the CNC is to provide armed policing and security for civil nuclear establishments and materials throughout the United Kingdom and to maintain a state of readiness against any possible attack on a licensed nuclear site. The CNC is established in Chapter 3, sections 51–71, of
570-600: The West Midlands and Greater Manchester , down to £127,017 in Central Scotland . The Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and their deputy are paid significantly more than any chief constable, partly because the Metropolitan Police has national anti-terrorism and security duties that overlap with other local forces, but also because the Metropolitan Police is by far the largest force in
608-562: The chief constable of the CNC was retired Brigadier Michael Griffiths . Deputy Chief Constable Simon Chesterman, formerly of Thames Valley Police , who is also the National Police Chiefs' Council lead for firearms policing, took over as chief constable. Unlike the majority of the British police territorial forces , all frontline CNC officers are routinely armed while carrying out duties. CNC officers also operate
646-412: The divisional superintendents and the two assistant commissioners . These officers were to be generally military officers, civil servants or lawyers who were directly appointed to the rank. This caused a certain amount of concern, since some saw it as the creation of an "officer class" for the police, which had always been resisted. Their rank badge consisted of crossed tipstaves in a wreath. In 1886,
684-438: The "chief officers" of a force. The salaries of chief constables vary from force to force, primarily on the basis of the population of their force's territory, but the amounts are fixed centrally. As of 2022, the highest paid is the chief constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland , on £230,000, in recognition of the unique security challenges and political sensitivity of that office. Other salaries range from £181,455 in
722-536: The Act as accredited persons . A chief constable may grant some or all of the following powers to an accredited person as part of a community safety accreditation scheme: The powers available to individuals accredited under a community safety accreditation scheme are similar to those of a police community support officer (PCSO), although PCSOs are designated with powers by the chief constable, as opposed to being accredited with them as non-employees. The Act also makes it
760-697: The CNC's "approach to covert activity is conspicuously professional". He found that the system for storing the intelligence gained from informers was "working well" and that "senior officers regard covert surveillance as a long-term requirement". The below section 'Mutual aid' details when this jurisdiction can be extended in support of other forces. The CNC operates at a total of ten sites in England, Scotland and Wales (there are no "relevant nuclear sites" in Northern Ireland). Of these, three are classed as Operational Units, where an ordinary police presence
798-532: The Constabulary's mission statement." Whilst the CNC is a police force, this acknowledgement would suggest the role of a CNC police officer is to provide armed security, rather than primarily being concerned with law enforcement. This role is also evidenced in the number of arrests made by the force annually compared with a territorial police force of a similar number of police officers. In 2016, CNC officers made 24 arrests. This compares to Dorset Police ,
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#1732787964047836-626: The MDP and BTP to act outside their natural jurisdiction in certain circumstances. The CNC is also not included in mutual aid provisions provided by the Police Act 1996 sections 24 and 98 (mutual aid between police forces of England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and BTP) or Ministry of Defence Police Act 1987 section 3a (mutual aid from MDP). However section 59 of the Energy Act 2004 allows CNC officers to act outside their natural jurisdiction in mutual aid situations under agreements between
874-486: The United Kingdom. The force has over 1,500 police officers and support staff. Officers within the force are authorised firearms officers due to the nature of the industry the force protects. The CNC was established on 1 April 2005, replacing the former Atomic Energy Authority Constabulary established in 1955, and is overseen by the Civil Nuclear Police Authority . The CNC does not guard
912-657: The armament on board the ships of the Pacific Nuclear Transport Limited , a subsidiary of International Nuclear Services , which specialises in transporting spent nuclear fuel and reprocessed uranium on behalf of its ultimate parent, the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority . Such ships have an onboard escort of armed police. The CNC is authorised to carry out covert intelligence operations against anti-nuclear protesters. In July 2009, Judge Christopher Rose said
950-633: The chief constable. The chief constable's badge of rank, worn on the epaulettes , consists of crossed tipstaffs in a laurel wreath , surmounted by a crown. This is similar to the insignia of a lieutenant-general in the British Army, and is also worn by an assistant commissioner in the Metropolitan Police . The chief constable is assisted by a deputy chief constable (DCC) and one or more assistant chief constables (ACC). The chief constable, DCC and ACCs are collectively known as
988-484: The chief officer of the CNC and the chief officer of a local police force. In 2005, officers of the CNC were part of the police operation involving nearly all police forces of the United Kingdom in connection with the G8 conference near Gleneagles, Scotland . Officers were seconded to Cumbria Constabulary as support during the floods of 2009. On 2 June 2010, 27 CNC officers were deployed to assist Cumbria Constabulary in
1026-465: The companies that run ten nuclear plants in the UK. Around a third is paid by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority , which owns Sellafield . Nearly a fifth of the funding is provided by British Energy , the privatised company owned by EDF . In June 2009, EDF's head of security complained that the force had overspent its budget "without timely and satisfactory explanations to us". The industry acknowledges it
1064-587: The counties of England and Wales the opportunity to establish full-time police forces, headed by a chief constable who was appointed by the justices of the peace of the county. The first county to implement this was Wiltshire Constabulary , which appointed Captain Samuel Meredith RN its first chief constable on 28 November 1839. Other counties followed this pattern; for instance, Essex appointed its first chief constable on 11 February 1840. Originally, most borough police forces were commanded by
1102-593: The country. As of 2011, the commissioner earns an annual salary of £260,088, whilst their deputy earns £214,722. In London , the Metropolitan Police and the City of London Police are led by commissioners rather than chief constables. Chief constable was, however, a lower rank in the Metropolitan Police which existed between 1886 and 1946. In 1869, the divisions of the Metropolitan Police were grouped into four districts, and four new officers called district superintendents were appointed to command them, ranking between
1140-430: The districts in 1933, with the chief constables remaining as their deputies until the latter rank was finally renamed deputy commander in 1946. Civil Nuclear Constabulary The Civil Nuclear Constabulary ( CNC ) ( Welsh : Heddlu Sifil Niwclear ) is a special police force responsible for providing law enforcement and security at any relevant nuclear site and for security of nuclear materials in transit within
1178-609: The force control room. Accredited Persons must wear a uniform approved by the police when exercising their powers, and carry an ID card which also shows the powers they are authorised to use. Some forces print the powers on the back of the ID card, while others give the employees a separate powers card specifically for this. Common examples of employees granted powers under a community safety accreditation scheme include security guards , community , parish, park and dog wardens , trading standards officers, and housing association staff. In
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1216-496: The law to enable the 1,000 armed police officers guarding Britain's nuclear power stations to be redistributed in the event of multiple terror attacks." A press release from the CNC and Home Office details the changes made to enable a greater mutual aid role (dated 7 March 2016). It cites the CNC's Deputy Chief Constable Simon Chesterman: "The signing of this collaboration agreement allows chief constables to formally request and receive CNC AFOs to work under his or her jurisdiction for
1254-596: The manhunt for the gunman Derrick Bird. Along his route across West Cumbria , Bird killed 12 people and injured 25. Officers were also deployed to the 2012 London Olympics and 28 officers to a 2014 NATO conference in Wales. For a period of three months during 2015, ten CNC officers were seconded to the British Transport Police's Counter Terrorism Support Unit in London. This detachment helped to cover
1292-579: The organisation employing an accredited person must be 'fit and proper' and that they must have a satisfactory complaints procedure in place. An accredited person remains under the control of their normal employer, and is not managed or tasked by the police force. Some accredited persons are tasked by their respective police force to conduct patrols, attend incidents and gather intel, such as the community protection officers of Nottingham City Council who work with Nottinghamshire Police . These officers carry police Airwave radios and are dispatched to incidents by
1330-492: The power to require the name and address of a person acting in an anti-social manner. Chief constable Chief Constable is the rank used by the chief police officer of every territorial police force in the United Kingdom except for the City of London Police and the Metropolitan Police , as well as the chief officers of the three 'special' national police forces, the British Transport Police , Ministry of Defence Police , and Civil Nuclear Constabulary . The title
1368-526: The rank of district superintendent was renamed chief constable, as it was decided that it could be confused with the divisional superintendents. Unlike their superiors, chief constables were actually sworn into the office of constable , hence the name. A fifth chief constable was later created in the Criminal Investigation Department . In 1919 the rank became junior to the new rank of deputy assistant commissioners , who took over
1406-467: The shortfall in firearms officer numbers in London in the wake of recent European terror attacks on major cities. On 27 March 2016, The Daily Telegraph , after the Brussels terrorist attacks, stated: "The Home Secretary has announced there will be a "surge" of more than 1,000 new armed police officers deployed across the country in the wake of the terrorist attacks in Brussels. Ms May has also changed
1444-518: The title of chief constable. The title is derived from the original local parish constables of the 18th century and earlier. Constable and constabulary were terms adopted in an attempt to provide a historical link with the older forces - the term is derived from the Latin comes stabuli (keeper of the stables) - and to emphasise local control. Much of the debate about policing in the early 19th century, when modern police forces were introduced in
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