136-665: Davao de Oro , officially the Province of Davao de Oro ( Cebuano : Lalawigan sa Davao de Oro ; Filipino : Lalawigan ng Davao de Oro ), is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao . Its capital is Nabunturan while Monkayo is the most populous. It used to be part of the province of Davao del Norte until it was made a separate province in 1998. The province borders Davao del Norte to
272-659: A Cebuano-English dictionary in 1955, and an English-Cebuano dictionary in 1983. During the Spanish Colonial Period , the Spaniards broadly referred to the speakers of Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Kinaray-a , and Aklanon as Visaya and made no distinctions among these languages. As of the 2020 (but released in 2023) statistics released by the Philippine Statistics Authority , the current number of households that speak Cebuano
408-513: A Spanish priest, compiled a grammar book on the language, but his work was published sometime only by the early 19th century CE. The priest recorded the letters of the Latin alphabet used for the language, and in a separate report, his name was listed as the recorder of the non-Latin characters used by the natives. Cebuano written literature is generally agreed to have started with Vicente Yap Sotto , who wrote " Maming" in 1901, but earlier he wrote
544-487: A barrio known as Santo Niño. At the time, Compostela was an incongruous mixture of wooden-roofed houses concentrated along the Agusan River which was properly known as "dungguanan" (embarkation). This area later became its center of trade and commerce or Poblacion . A Senate bill officially renaming Compostela Valley to Davao de Oro was passed in 2019. Provincial officials led by Governor Jayvee Tyron Uy justified
680-529: A density of 170 inhabitants per square kilometre or 440 inhabitants per square mile. The majority of the inhabitants are migrants from Cebu, Samar, Bohol and other Visayan provinces. The cultural minorities in the province include the Kalagan , Mansaka , Mandaya , Dibabawon, Mangguangan and Manobo groups such as the Atta, Talaingod, Langilan, and Matigsalug Manobo. Arnold Bajo is the most successful defender of
816-608: A more patriotic piece of literature that was published a year later after Maming because of American censorship during the US occupation of the Philippines . However, there existed a piece that was more of a conduct book rather than a fully defined story itself, written in 1852 by Fray Antonio Ubeda de la Santísima Trinidad. Below is the vowel system of Cebuano with their corresponding letter representation in angular brackets: Sometimes, ⟨a⟩ may also be pronounced as
952-481: A prestigious commodity) and particularly close trade relations with Brunei , Malacca , China ( sangley ), Champa , Siam , and Japan , from direct proximity to the South China Sea tradewinds. Such characteristics gave early Spanish impressions of Tagalogs as "more traders than warriors," although raids were practiced. Neighboring Kapampangan barangays also shared these characteristics. Although at
1088-516: A result of this, they are much given to musical practice; and although the guitar that they use, called cutyapi , is not very ingenious or rich in tone, it is by no means disagreeable, and to them is most pleasing. They play it with such vivacity and skill that they seem to make human voices issue from its four metallic cords. We also have it on good authority that by merely playing these instruments they can, without opening their lips, communicate with one another, and make themselves perfectly understood –
1224-736: A speaker's aforementioned statements. For instance, a Davaoeño might say "Tuá man atà sa baláy si Manuel" instead of "Tuá man tingáli sa baláy si Manuel" . The word atà does exist in Cebuano, though it means 'squid ink' in contrast to Tagalog (e.g. atà sa nukos ). Other examples include: Nibabâ ko sa jeep sa kanto , tapos niulî ko sa among baláy ("I got off the jeepney at the street corner, and then I went home") instead of Ninaog ko sa jeep sa eskina , dayon niulî ko sa among baláy . The words babâ and naog mean "to disembark" or "to go down", kanto and eskina mean "street corner", while tapos and dayon mean "then"; in these cases,
1360-627: A spirit of brotherhood. And below is the official translation of the Lord's Prayer . Amahán namò nga anaa sa mga langit, pagdaygon ang imong ngalan, umabót kanamò ang imong gingharian, matuman ang imong pagbuót, dinhí sa yutà maingón sa langit. Ang kalan-on namò sa matag adlaw, ihatag kanamò karóng adlawa. Ug pasayloa kamí sa among mga salâ, ingón nga nagapasaylo kamí sa mga nakasalâ kanamò. Ug dilì mo kamí itugyan sa panuláy, hinunua luwasá kamí sa daután. Amen. Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name, your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it
1496-405: A thing unknown of any other nation..." (Chirino 1604a: 241). During the 333 years of Spanish colonization, Tagalogs began to use Western musical instruments. Local adaptations have led to new instruments like the 14-string bandurria and octavina , both of which are part of the rondalla ensemble. There are several types of Tagalog folk songs or awit according to Spanish records, differing on
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#17327764653521632-613: A traditional art called singkaban , a craft that involves shaving and curling bamboo through the use of sharp metal tools. This process is called kayas in Tagalog. Kayas requires patience as the process involves shaving off the bamboo by thin layers, creating curls and twirls to produce decorations. This art is mostly associated with the town of Hagonoy, Bulacan , though it is also practiced in southern Tagalog provinces like Rizal and Laguna . It primarily serves as decoration during town festivals, usually applied on arches that decorate
1768-627: A vice mayor presiding its Sangguniang Bayan . The province is represented by two representatives in the House of Representatives of the Philippines , each coming from a congressional district . The province's Regional Trial Court meets in Nabunturan . It has one branch under the Eleventh Judicial Region. Download coordinates as: Cebuano language Cebuano ( / s ɛ ˈ b w ɑː n oʊ / se- BWAH -noh )
1904-409: Is approximately 1.72 million and around 6.5% of the country's population speak it inside their home. However, in a journal published in 2020, the number of speakers is estimated to be 15.9 million which in turn based it on a 2019 study. Cebuano is spoken in the provinces of Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor , Negros Oriental , northeastern Negros Occidental (as well as the municipality of Hinoba-an and
2040-630: Is a pushback on these objections. Some language enthusiasts insist on referring to the language as Cebuano because, as they claim, using the terms Bisayâ and Binisayâ to refer to ethnicity and language, respectively, is exclusivist and disenfranchises the speakers of the Hiligaynon language and the Waray language who also refer to their languages as Binisayâ to distinguish them from Cebuano Bisayâ . Existing linguistic studies on Visayan languages, most notably that of R. David Paul Zorc, has described
2176-473: Is also known for kapeng barako , lomi , bulalo , and goto . Bistek Tagalog is a dish of strips of sirloin beef slowly cooked in soy sauce , calamansi juice, vinegar and onions. Records have also shown that kare-kare is the Tagalog dish that the Spanish first tasted when they landed in pre-colonial Tondo. Aside from panaderias , numerous roadside eateries serve local specialties. Batangas
2312-429: Is also often replaced with d͡ʒ ⟨j/dy⟩ when it is in the beginning of a syllable (e.g. kalayo , "fire", becomes kalajo ). It can also happen even if the ⟨y⟩ is at the final position of the syllable and the word, but only if it is moved to the initial position by the addition of the affix -a . For example, baboy ("pig") can not become baboj , but baboya can become baboja. All of
2448-619: Is also present in the alphabet since it is part of the phonology of most Philippine languages representing the sound of the velar nasal /ŋ/ (e.g. ngipon , "teeth" and ngano , "why"). Cebuano shares many cognates with other Austronesian languages and its descendants. Early trade contact resulted in the adoption of loanwords from Malay (despite belonging in the same language family) like " sulát" ("to write") , "pilak" ("silver"), and " balísa" ("anxious"); it also adopted words from Sanskrit like " bahandì" ("wealth, goods, riches") from "भाण्ड, bhānda" ("goods"), and bása ("to read")
2584-492: Is an Austronesian language spoken in the southern Philippines . It is natively, though informally, called by its generic term Bisayâ ( [bisəˈjaʔ] ) or Binisayâ ( [bɪniːsəˈjaʔ] ) (both terms are translated into English as Visayan , though this should not be confused with other Bisayan languages ) and sometimes referred to in English sources as Cebuan ( / s ɛ ˈ b uː ən / seb- OO -ən ). It
2720-400: Is distinctive in retaining /l/ sounds and longer word forms as well. It is the primary dialectal language of the entire province of Negros Oriental and northeastern parts of Negros Occidental (while the majority of the latter province and its bordered areas speaks Hiligaynon/Ilonggo), as well as some parts of Siquijor . Examples of Negrense Cebuano's distinction from other Cebuano dialects
2856-584: Is from Spanish, being more culturally influenced by Spanish priests from the late 16th century and invigorated by the opening of the Suez canal in the 1860s that encouraged European migrations to Asia, most notably its numeral system. English words are also used extensively in the language and mostly among the educated ones, even sometimes using the English word rather than the direct Cebuano. For example, instead of saying "magpalít" (" to buy ", in future tense), speakers would often say "mag- buy " . Currently,
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#17327764653522992-487: Is home to many lomihan , gotohan , and bulalohan . The Tagalog people are also known for their tanaga , an indigenous artistic poetic form of the Tagalog people's idioms , feelings, teachings, and ways of life. The tanaga strictly has four lines only, each having seven syllables only. Other literary forms include the bugtong (riddle), awit (a dodecasyllabic quatrain romance), and korido (an ocotsyllabic quatrain romance). Religious literary forms of
3128-407: Is in heaven. Give us today our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. Amen. Source: There is no standardized orthography for Cebuano, but spelling in print usually follow the pronunciation of Standard Cebuano, regardless of how it is actually spoken by the speaker. For example, baláy ("house")
3264-399: Is linguistically unlikely, because the i- in ilog should have been retained if it were the case. De Tavera and other authors instead propose an origin from tagá-álog , which means "people from the lowlands", from the archaic meaning of the noun álog , meaning "low lands which fill with water when it rains". This would make the most sense considering that the name was used to distinguish
3400-858: Is now the California coast on October 17, 1587, as part of the Galleon Trade between the Spanish East Indies (the colonial name for what would become the Philippines) and New Spain (Spain's Viceroyalty in North America). More Filipino sailors arrived along the California coast when both places were part of the Spanish Empire. By 1763, "Manila men" or "Tagalas" had established a settlement called St. Malo on
3536-439: Is phonemic, which means that words with different accent placements, such as dapít (near) and dápit (place), are considered separate. The stress is predictably on the penult when the second-to-last syllable is closed (CVC or VC). On the other hand, when the syllable is open (CV or V), the stress can be on either the penultimate or the final syllable (although there are certain grammatical conditions or categories under which
3672-564: Is pronounced /baˈl̪aɪ/ in Standard Cebuano and is thus spelled "baláy", even in Urban Cebuano where it is actually pronounced /ˈbaɪ/ . Cebuano is spoken natively over a large area of the Philippines and thus has numerous regional dialects. It can vary significantly in terms of lexicon and phonology depending on where it is spoken. Increasing usage of spoken English (being the primary language of commerce and education in
3808-480: Is similar to that of other varieties; however, current speakers exhibit uniquely strong Tagalog influence in their speech by substituting most Cebuano words with Tagalog ones. This is because the older generations speak Tagalog to their children in home settings, and Cebuano is spoken in other everyday settings, making Tagalog the secondary lingua franca. One characteristic of this dialect is the practice of saying atà , derived from Tagalog yatà , to denote uncertainty in
3944-414: Is spoken as a ten and a unit . For example, 11 is spoken as " napulò ug usá" , shortened to " napulò'g usá" (lit. "ten and one"), 111 is spoken as "usa ka gatós, napulò ug usá", and 1111 is spoken as "usá ka libo, usá ka gatós, napulò ug usá". The ordinal counting uses the prefix ika - , and then the unit, except for "first" which is "una" . For example, ika- duhá means "second". Below
4080-462: Is spoken by the Visayan ethnolinguistic groups native to the islands of Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor , the eastern half of Negros , the western half of Leyte , and the northern coastal areas of Northern Mindanao and the eastern part of Zamboanga del Norte due to Spanish settlements during the 18th century. In modern times, it has also spread to the Davao Region , Cotabato , Camiguin , parts of
4216-460: Is taken from "वाचा, vācā" ("sacred text") and Arabic like the word "alam" ("to know") is said to be borrowed from Arabic "عَالَم, ʕālam " ("things, creation, existing before") , and " salamat" ("expression of gratitude, thanks, thank you") from "سَلَامَات, salāmāt " ("plural form of salāma, meaning "good health"), both of which were indirectly transmitted to Cebuano through Malays. The biggest component of loanwords that Cebuano uses
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4352-874: Is the Laguna copperplate inscription (LCI), bearing several place names speculated to be analogous to several towns and barangays in predominantly Tagalog areas ranging from present-day Bulacan to coastal Mindoro . The text is primarily in Old Malay and shows several cultural and societal insights into the Tagalogs during time period. The earliest recognized Tagalog polity is Tondo, mentioned as Tundun , while several other place names are theorized to be present-day Pila or Paila, Bulacan (Pailah), Pulilan (Puliran), and Binuangan . Sanskrit, Malay, and Tagalog honorifics, names, accounting, and timekeeping were used. Chiefs were referred as either pamagat or tuhan , while dayang
4488-550: Is the official translation of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights taken from the official United Nations website: Ang tanáng katawhan gipakatawo nga adunay kagawasan ug managsama sa kabililhon. Silá gigasahan sa pangisip ug tanlag ug kinahanglang mag-ilhanáy sa usá'g-usá dihâ sa diwà sa panág-higsuonáy. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in
4624-420: Is the predominant religion of this province forming 74% of the province population. Other significant religious minorities include Protestants which form 15% of the province population and Iglesia ni Cristo which form 2% of the province population. Other religions are divided between Sunni Islam and Animism . Poverty incidence of Davao de Oro Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Davao de Oro
4760-487: Is the usage of the word maot instead of batî ("ugly"), alálay , kalálag instead of kalag-kalag (Halloween), kabaló/kahibaló and kaágo/kaantígo instead of kabawó/kahíbawó ("know"). Tagalog people The Tagalog people are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Philippines , particularly the Metro Manila and Calabarzon regions and Marinduque province of southern Luzon , and comprise
4896-674: Is the variety of Cebuano spoken throughout most of Mindanao , and it is the standard dialect of Cebuano in Northern Mindanao . A branch of Mindanaoan Cebuano in Davao is also known as Davaoeño (not to be confused with the Davao variant of Chavacano which is called "Castellano Abakay"). Like the Cebuano of Luzon, it contains some Tagalog vocabulary, which speakers may use even more frequently than in Luzon Cebuano. Its grammar
5032-598: The Aetas . Kapampangans settled Aurora alongside Aetas and Bugkalots. Tagalog and other Philippine histories in general are highly speculative before the 10th century, primarily due to lack of written sources. Most information on precolonial Tagalog culture is documented by observational writings by early Spanish explorers in the mid-16th century, alongside few precedents from indirect Portuguese accounts and archaeological finds. The maritime-oriented barangays of pre-Hispanic Tagalogs were shared with other coastal peoples throughout
5168-465: The Dinagat Islands , and the lowland regions of Caraga , often displacing native languages in those areas (most of which are closely related to the language). While Tagalog has the largest number of native speakers among the languages of the Philippines today, Cebuano had the largest native-language-speaking population in the Philippines from the 1950s until about the 1980s. It is by far
5304-800: The ISO 639-2 three-letter code ceb , but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code. The Commission on the Filipino Language , the Philippine government body charged with developing and promoting the national and regional languages of the country, spells the name of the language in Filipino as Sebwano . The term Cebuano derives from " Cebu "+" ano ", a Latinate calque reflecting the Philippines' Spanish colonial heritage. Speakers of Cebuano in Cebu and even those from outside of Cebu commonly refer to
5440-585: The Mansaka , Mandaya , Manobo , Mangguangan, Dibabawon, Aeta , Kamayo , Davaweño and Kalagan . Similar to the history of other Mindanao provinces, most of the present populations of the province are descendants of migrants who came from Luzon and Visayas islands during the pre-war and post war eras, among the Luzon migrants were Tagalogs from Bataan (thus, the town New Bataan ) & Ilocanos from North Central Luzon. The bigger wave of immigrants came during
5576-591: The Pasig delta, ruled by his heirs as a satellite. Subsequently, Bruneian influence spread elsewhere around Manila Bay, present-day Batangas, and coastal Mindoro through closer trade and political relations, with a growing Tagalog-Kapampangan diaspora based in Brunei and beyond in Malacca in various professions as traders, sailors, shipbuilders, mercenaries, governors, and slaves. The Pasig delta bayan of Tondo-Maynila
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5712-429: The colonial period , the term "Tagalog" was originally used to differentiate lowland dwellers from mountain dwellers between Nagcarlan and Lamon Bay , the taga-bukit ("highland dweller") or taga-bundok ("mountain dweller", also archaically tingues , meaning "mountain", cf. Tinguian ); as well as the dwellers of the banks of Laguna de Bay , the taga-doongan (people of the pier/shore where boats dock"). Despite
5848-413: The datu and the katolonan , also wore accessories made of prized materials. Slaves on the other hand wore simple clothing, seldom loincloths. During later centuries, Tagalog nobles would wear the barong tagalog for men and the baro't saya for women. When the Philippines became independent, the barong tagalog were popularised as the national costume of the country, as the wearers were the majority in
5984-534: The delta or wawà ( mouth of a river). Culturally, it is rare for native Tagalog people to identify themselves as Tagalog as part of their collective identity as an ethnolinguistic group due to cultural differences, specialization, and geographical location. The native masses commonly identify their native cultural group by provinces, such as Batangueño , Caviteño , Bulakeño and Marinduqueño , or by towns, such as Lukbanin , Tayabasin , and Infantahin . Likewise, most cultural aspects of
6120-497: The open-mid back unrounded vowel /ʌ/ (as in English "g u t"); ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ as the near-close near-front unrounded vowel /ɪ/ (as in English "b i t"); and ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩ as the open-mid back rounded vowel /ɔ/ (as in English "th ou ght") or the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ (as in English "h oo k"). During the precolonial and Spanish period, Cebuano had only three vowel phonemes: /a/ , /i/ and /u/ . This
6256-499: The presidency with Francisco Carreón as vice president . Tagalog was declared the official language by the first constitution in the Philippines, the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1897. In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages but mandated the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages. After study and deliberation,
6392-472: The 1600s, the Tagalogs had mainly converted to Roman Catholic Christianity from the old religions of anito worship and Islam . He noted that some mothers had become such devout Catholics that they would not give their children native secular names until baptism . Upon conversion, the mononyms of the pre-colonial era had become the Tagalog people's surnames and they added a Christian name as their first name. Colin further noted that Tagalogs quickly adopted
6528-466: The 18th century), Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1835), and Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos (1850) in addition to early studies of the language. The first substantial dictionary of Tagalog language was written by the Czech Jesuit missionary Pablo Clain in the beginning of the 18th century. Further compilation of his substantial work
6664-452: The English numeral system instead, especially for numbers more than 100. The language uses a base 10 numeral system, thence the sets of ten are ultimately derived from the unit except the first ten which is "napulò" , this is done by adding a prefix ka- , then followed by a unit, and then the suffix -an . For example, 20 is spoken as ka-duhá-an (lit. "the second set of ten"). The numbers are named from 1-10, for values after 10, it
6800-497: The National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. President Manuel L. Quezon then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed the selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of
6936-649: The Philippine archipelago. The roughly three-tiered Tagalog social structure of maginoo (royalty), timawa / maharlika (freemen usually of lower nobility), and alipin (bondsmen, slaves, debt peons) have almost identical cognates in Visayan, Sulu, and Mindanawon societies. Most barangays were networked almost exclusively by sea traffic, while smaller scale inland trade was typified as lowlander-highlander affairs. Barangays, like other Philippine settlements elsewhere, practiced seasonal sea raiding for vengeance, slaves, and valuables alongside headhunting , except for
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#17327764653527072-407: The Philippine islands. Miguel de Unamuno described Filipino propagandist José Rizal (1861–1896) as the "Tagalog Hamlet " and said of him "a soul that dreads the revolution although deep down desires it. He pivots between fear and hope, between faith and despair." In 1902, Macario Sakay formed his own Republika ng Katagalugan in the mountains of Morong (today, the province of Rizal ), and held
7208-414: The Philippines) has also led to the introduction of new pronunciations and spellings of old Cebuano words. Code-switching forms of English and Bisaya ( Bislish ) are also common among the educated younger generations. There are four main dialectal groups within Cebuano aside from Standard Cebuano and Urban Cebuano. They are as follows: The Boholano dialect of Bohol shares many similarities with
7344-408: The Philippines. Quezon, who is also sometimes referred to as Castile, was from Baler, Aurora , which is a native Tagalog-speaking area. In 1939, President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as wikang pambansâ (national language) or literally, Wikang Pambansa na batay/base sa Tagalog . In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino". The 1973 constitution designated
7480-599: The Philippines: Bulacan is known for chicharon (fried pork rinds ), steamed rice and tuber cakes like puto , panghimagas (desserts), like suman , sapin-sapin , ube halaya , kutsinta , cassava cake , and pastillas de leche . Rizal is also known for its suman and cashew products. Laguna is known for buko pie and panutsa . Batangas is home to Taal Lake , home to 75 species of freshwater fish. Among these, maliputo and tawilis are unique local delicacies. Batangas
7616-607: The Song, directly importing manufactured wares, iron, and jewelry and retailing to "other islands," evident of earlier possible Tagalog predominance of reselling Chinese goods throughout the rest of the Philippine islands before its explicit role by Maynila in the 16th century. The growth of Malacca as the largest Southeast Asian entrepôt in the Maritime Silk Road led to a gradual spread of its cultural influence eastward throughout insular Southeast Asia . Malay became
7752-400: The Spanish practice of adding " Don " for prestige, when in the pre-colonial era, they would have used Lacan (Lakan) or Gat for men, while Dayang would have been added for women. In Tagalog society, it was considered distasteful and embarrassing to explicitly mention one another among themselves by their own names alone; adding something was seen as an act of courtesy. This manifested in
7888-634: The Tagalog diaspora to Palawan and Mindanao seeking various economic opportunities, mainly agriculture. Among the Tagalog settlements in Mindanao is New Bataan , Davao de Oro , which was named after Tagalog migrants' place of origin , though varying numbers of Tagalog settlers and their descendants reside in nearly every province in Mindanao, and formed ethnic associations such as Samahang Batangueño in Gingoog , Misamis Oriental . Tagalog settlements are generally lowland, commonly oriented towards banks near
8024-455: The Tagalog people are oriented towards the decentralized characteristics of provinces and towns. Tagalog naming customs have changed over the centuries. The 17th-century Spanish missionary Francisco Colin wrote in his work Labor Evangelica about the naming customs of Tagalogs from the pre-colonial times up to the early decades of the Spanish colonial era. Colin mentioned that Tagalog infants were given names as soon as they were born, and that it
8160-817: The Tagalog people include: Not much is known of precolonial Tagalog music, though Spanish-Tagalog dictionaries such as Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in the early colonial period provided translations for Tagalog words for some musical instruments, such as agung/agong (gong), bangsi (flute), and kudyapi/cutyapi/coryapi (boat lute), the last one was further described by the Spanish chronicler Fr. Pedro Chirino in his Relación de las Islas Filipinas , which had long faded into obscurity among modern Tagalogs. In his entry, he mentioned: In polite and affectionate intercourse, [the Tagalos] are very extravagant, addressing letters to each other in terms of elaborate and delicate expressions of affection, and neat turns of thought. As
8296-565: The Tagalog people originated in the general area of the Eastern Visayas or northeastern Mindanao , probably specifically around southern Leyte . Zorc notes that the Hiligaynon people also reportedly originated in Leyte, and the Tagalog and Hiligaynon languages seem to have a special affiliation with each other. The Tagalog people emigrated from their homeland and arrived in southern Luzon around 1200 to 1000 years ago. Subsequently,
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#17327764653528432-515: The Tagalog-based "Pilipino", along with English, as an official language and mandated the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Filipino. The 1987 constitution designated Filipino as the national language mandating that as it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. Present-day Calabarzon , present-day Metro Manila and Marinduque are
8568-469: The Tagalogs already migrated and settled there before Spanish rule. Tagalogs were minority of the residents in west Bulacan, Navotas, & Tondo before Spanish arrival. When the polities of Tondo and Maynila fell due to the Spanish, the Tagalog-majority areas grew through Tagalog migrations in portions of Central Luzon and north Mimaropa as a Tagalog migration policy was implemented by Spain. When
8704-593: The Tagalogs made contact with the Kapampangans , Sambal people and the Sinauna (lit. "those from the beginning"), of which contact with the Kapampangans was most intensive. After this, the original settlers moved northward: Kapampangans moved to modern Tondo, Navotas, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, Pampanga, south Tarlac, and east Bataan, and Sambals to the modern province of Zambales, in turn, displacing
8840-423: The above substitutions are considered allophonic and do not change the meaning of the word. In rarer instances, the consonant ⟨d⟩ might also be replaced with ⟨r⟩ when it is in between two vowels (e.g. Boholano idô for standard Cebuano irô , "dog"), but ⟨d⟩ and ⟨r⟩ are not considered allophones, though they may have been in the past. Stress accent
8976-590: The ancient Tagalog people used to cover the following: present-day Calabarzon region except the Polillo Islands, northern Quezon, Alabat island, the Bondoc Peninsula, and easternmost Quezon; Marinduque ; Metro Manila, except Tondo and Navotas ; Bulacan except for its eastern part; southwest Nueva Ecija , as much of Nueva Ecija used to be a vast rainforest where numerous nomadic ethnic groups stayed and left; and west Bataan and south Zambales, as
9112-687: The assimilation of Kapampangans to the Tagalog settlers. This was continued by the Americans when they defeated Spain in a war, extending the Tagalog diaspora to the islands of Mindoro , Palawan and Mindanao , with most notable Tagalog settlement in the latter being New Bataan , Davao del Oro , which was named after Tagalog migrants' place of origin . Subsequent postwar eras also saw Tagalog migrations to those islands in vast numbers due to various economic opportunities, especially agriculture (Tagalogs already settled Mindoro during Spanish territorial rule). Tagalog migrations to Mindoro and Palawan are
9248-509: The barrio (barangay) of New Sabonga was transferred to the municipality of Compostela from the municipality of Asuncion . On June 23, 1957, then President Carlos P. Garcia signed Republic Act No. 2038 which separated Compostela from Nabunturan. The first Mayor appointed by President Carlos P. Garcia was then Mayor Pio P. Galenzoga, one of the pioneer settlers. In the same year the sitios of Kao, Magkagong, Margosan, Matilo, Magangit, Cabacungan, Tigbatinao and Camanlangan were constituted into
9384-483: The beginning of a word (e.g. ngano , "why"). The glottal stop / ʔ / is most commonly encountered in between two vowels, but can also appear in all positions. Like in Tagalog , glottal stops are usually not indicated in writing. When indicated, it is commonly written as a hyphen or an apostrophe if the glottal stop occurs in the middle of the word (e.g. tu-o or tu'o , "right"). More formally, when it occurs at
9520-424: The cities of Kabankalan and Sipalay to a great extent, alongside Ilonggo ), southern Masbate , western portions of Leyte and Biliran (to a great extent, alongside Waray ), and a large portion of Mindanao , notably the urban areas of Zamboanga Peninsula , Northern Mindanao , Davao Region , Caraga and some parts of Soccsksargen (alongside Ilonggo, Maguindanaon , indigenous Mindanaoan languages and to
9656-434: The congressional seat of the 2nd district of the new province. The governorship was turned over to Luz M. Sarmiento, by virtue of a presidential appointment. Sarmiento, the wife of then Congressman Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. served the province from March 27, 1998, to June 30, 1998. She was succeeded by Jose R. Caballero. Jose R. Caballero, a practicing lawyer and former vice governor of then undivided Davao del Norte (1988-1992)
9792-476: The consonant /w/ ). Loanwords , however, are usually more conservative in their orthography and pronunciation (e.g. dyip , " jeepney " from English "jeep", will never be written or spoken as dyep ). There are only four diphthongs since ⟨o⟩ and ⟨u⟩ are allophones. These include /aj/ , /uj/ , /aw/ , and /iw/ . For Cebuano consonants, all the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal /ŋ/ occurs in all positions, including at
9928-543: The end of the word, it is indicated by a circumflex accent if both a stress and a glottal stop occurs at the final vowel (e.g. basâ , "wet"); or a grave accent if the glottal stop occurs at the final vowel, but the stress occurs at the penultimate syllable (e.g. batà , "child"). Below is a chart of Cebuano consonants with their corresponding letter representation in parentheses: In certain dialects, /l/ ⟨l⟩ may be interchanged with /w/ ⟨w⟩ in between vowels and vice versa depending on
10064-524: The following conditions: A final ⟨l⟩ can also be replaced with ⟨w⟩ in certain areas in Bohol (e.g. tambal , "medicine", becomes tambaw ). In very rare cases in Cebu, ⟨l⟩ may also be replaced with ⟨y⟩ in between the vowels ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ / ⟨i⟩ (e.g. tingali , "maybe", becomes tingayi ). In some parts of Bohol and Southern Leyte, /j/ ⟨y⟩
10200-399: The former word is Tagalog, and the latter is Cebuano. Davaoeño speakers may also sometimes add Bagobo or Mansakan vocabulary to their speech, as in " Madayawng adlaw , amigo, kumusta ka?" (" Good day , friend, how are you?", literally "Good morning/afternoon") rather than " Maayong adlaw , amigo, kumusta ka?" The words madayaw and maayo both mean 'good', though the former is Bagobo and
10336-1006: The general theme of the words as well as meter. Many of these traditional songs were not well documented and were largely passed down orally, and persisted in rural Tagalog regions well into the 20th century. The Tagalog people were also crafters. The katolanan of each barangay is the bearer of arts and culture, and usually trains crafters if none are living in the barangay. If the barangay has many skilled crafters, they teach their crafts to gifted students. Notable crafts made by ancient Tagalogs are boats, fans, agricultural materials, livestock instruments, spears, arrows, shields, accessories, jewelries, clothing, houses, paddles, fish gears, mortar and pestles, food utensils, musical instruments, bamboo and metal wears for inscribing messages, clay wears, toys, and many others. Tagalog woodworking practices include Paete carving, Baliuag furniture, Taal furniture, precolonial boat building , joinery , and Pakil woodshaving and whittling . Tagalog provinces practice
10472-409: The historical and regional native homelands of the Tagalogs, while Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Mindoro and Palawan comprise the majority of the Tagalog population—the two latter became the part of the now-defunct region of Southern Tagalog (which consisted of Aurora, Calabarzon and Mimaropa) as the reasons of heavy Tagalog migration resulting the widespread of the Tagalog language as
10608-436: The infant's name and acted as the surname. Historical examples of these practices are two of the perpetrators involved in the failed Tondo Conspiracy in 1587: Felipe Amarlangagui ( Ama ni Langkawi ), one of the chiefs of Tondo, and Don Luis Amanicalao ( Ama ni Kalaw ), his son. Later, in a document dated December 5, 1625, a man named Amadaha was said to be the father of a principalía named Doña Maria Gada. Colin noted that it
10744-416: The introduction of the Latin script, its use was so rare that there is hardly any surviving accounts of Cebuano being written in what was called badlit . Modern Cebuano uses 20 letters from the Latin alphabet and it consists of 5 vowels and 15 consonants. The letters c, f, j, q, v, x and z are also used but in foreign loanwords, while the " ñ " is used for Spanish names (e.g. Santo Niño ). The " Ng " digraph
10880-534: The language as Bisayâ . The name Cebuano , however, has not been accepted by all who speak it. Cebuano speakers in certain portions of Leyte , Northern Mindanao , Davao Region , Caraga , and Zamboanga Peninsula objected to the name of the language and claimed that their ancestry traces back to Bisayâ speakers native to their place and not from immigrants or settlers from Cebu. Furthermore, they refer to their ethnicity as Bisayâ instead of Cebuano and their language as Binisayâ instead of Cebuano. However, there
11016-490: The language simply as Binisayâ or Bisayà . The Cebuano language is a descendant of the hypothesized reconstructed Proto-Philippine language , which in turn descended from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian , making it distantly related to many languages in Maritime Southeast Asia , including Indonesian and Malay . The earlier forms of the language is hard to trace as a result of lack of documents written using
11152-516: The language spoken in Cebu, Negros Occidental, Bohol (as Boholano dialect), Leyte, and most parts of Mindanao as "Cebuano". Zorc's studies on Visayan language serves as the bible of linguistics in the study of Visayan languages. The Jesuit linguist and a native of Cabadbaran , Rodolfo Cabonce, S.J., published two dictionaries during his stays in Cagayan de Oro City and Manolo Fortich in Bukidnon :
11288-407: The language through different time periods and also because the natives used to write on easily perishable material rather than on processed paper or parchment. The earliest record of the Cebuano language was first documented in a list of words compiled by Antonio Pigafetta , an Italian explorer who was part of Ferdinand Magellan 's 1521 expedition. While there is evidence of a writing system for
11424-451: The language, its use appears to have been sporadic. Spaniards recorded the Visayan script , which was called kudlit-kabadlit by the natives. Although Spanish chroniclers Francisco Alcina and Antonio de Morga wrote that almost every native was literate in the 17th century CE, it appears to have been exaggerated as accounted for lack of physical evidence and contradicting reports of different accounts. A report from 1567 CE describes how
11560-462: The late 1980s. His son, Rogelio M. Sarmiento, who became his successor in Congress, pushed for the passage of the bill creating the province. Upon consultation with the governor of Davao del Norte, Prospero S. Amatong , the province's other two legislators, 3rd District Congressman Rodolfo P. Del Rosario and 2nd District Congressman Baltazar A. Sator, and other provincial and municipal officials, it
11696-482: The latter Cebuano. One of the famous characteristics of this dialect is disregarding the agreement between the verb "To go (Adto, Anha, Anhi, Ari)" and locative demonstratives (Didto, Dinha, Dinhi, Diri) or the distance of the object/place. In Cebu Cebuano dialect, when the verb "to go" is distal (far from both the speaker and the listener), the locative demonstrative must be distal as well (e.g. Adto didto . Not " Adto diri " or " Anha didto "). In Davaoeño Cebuano on
11832-438: The latter called samot or samok . Beginning in the Spanish colonial period, documented foreign spellings of the term ranged from Tagalos to Tagalor . The Tagalog people are said to have descended from seafaring Austronesians who migrated southwards to the Philippines from the island of Taiwan . Specific origin narratives of the Tagalog people contend among several theories: Linguist R. David Zorc reconstructed
11968-723: The lesser extent, Ilocano ). It is also spoken in some remote barangays of San Francisco and San Andres in Quezon Province in Luzon , due to its geographical contact with Cebuano-speaking parts of Burias Island in Masbate . Some dialects of Cebuano have different names for the language. Cebuano speakers from Cebu are mainly called "Cebuano" while those from Bohol are "Boholano" or "Bol-anon". Cebuano speakers in Leyte identify their dialect as Kanâ meaning that (Leyte Cebuano or Leyteño). Speakers in Mindanao and Luzon refer to
12104-483: The main lingua franca—since the Spanish colonial era when a migration policy was implemented to Tagalogs. This shares the same reason with Aurora, added by the event when formerly known as El Príncipe District was transferred from Nueva Ecija to Tayabas in U.S. colonial time until Tayabas renamed to Quezon Province in 1946, then Aurora was created as a sub-province of the latter in 1951 and became totally independent province in 1979. American colonial and postwar eras extended
12240-594: The majority in the provinces of Bulacan , Bataan , Nueva Ecija , Aurora , and Zambales in Central Luzon and the island of Mindoro . The most popular etymology for the endonym "Tagalog" is the term tagá-ilog , which means "people from [along] the river" (the prefix tagá- meaning "coming from" or "native of"). However, the Filipino historian Trinidad Pardo de Tavera in Etimología de los Nombres de Razas de Filipinas (1901) concludes that this origin
12376-572: The most widely spoken of the Bisayan languages . Cebuano is the lingua franca of Central Visayas, the western parts of Eastern Visayas, some western parts of Palawan and most parts of Mindanao . The name Cebuano is derived from the island of Cebu , which is the source of Standard Cebuano. Cebuano is also the primary language in Western Leyte—noticeably in Ormoc . Cebuano is assigned
12512-403: The naming distinctions, all of these groups speak the same language. Further exceptions include the present-day Batangas Tagalogs, who referred to themselves as people of Kumintang – a distinction formally maintained throughout the colonial period. Allegiance to a bayan differentiated between its natives called tawo and foreigners, who either also spoke Tagalog or other languages –
12648-489: The native system is mostly used as cardinal numbers and more often as ordinal numbers, and the Spanish-derived system is used in monetary and chronological terminology and is also commonly used in counting from 11 and above, though both systems can be used interchangeably regardless. The table below shows the comparison of native numerals and Spanish-derived numerals, but observably Cebuano speakers would often just use
12784-477: The natives wrote the language , and stated that the natives learned it from the Malays, but a century later another report claimed that the Visayan natives learned it from the Tagalogs. Despite the confirmation of the usage of baybayin in the region, the documents of the language being written in it other than Latin between the 17th century CE and 18th century CE are now rare. In the 18th century CE, Francisco Encina,
12920-472: The new capital, Manila. Metalworking is one of the most prominent trades of precolonial Tagalog, noted for the abundance of terms recorded in Vocabulario de la lengua tagala that is related to metalworking, signifying a sophisticated practice of this art which has died down during the colonial period. Goldworking in particular is of considerable significance among the Tagalogs. Gold (in Spanish, oro )
13056-402: The northeastern section of the Davao Region . The province borders Davao del Norte to the west, Agusan del Sur to the north, and Davao Oriental to the east. To the southwest lies Davao Gulf . Davao de Oro is divided into 2 districts comprising 11 municipalities . † Provincial capital The population of Davao de Oro in the 2020 census was 767,547 people, with
13192-579: The northern boundaries. Both North and South Kana are subgroups of Leyteño dialect . Both of these dialects are spoken in western and central Leyte and in the southern province, but Boholano is more concentrated in Maasin City . Northern Kanâ (found in the northern part of Leyte ), is closest to the variety of the language spoken in northern part of Leyte, and shows significant influence from Waray-Waray, quite notably in its pace which speakers from Cebu find very fast, and its more mellow tone (compared to
13328-460: The original Kapampangan settlers welcomed them; Bulacan and Nueva Ecija were natively Kapampangan when Spaniards arrived; majority of Kapampangans sold their lands to the newly arrived Tagalog settlers and others intermarried with and assimilated to the Tagalog, which made Bulacan and Nueva Ecija dominantly Tagalog, many of the Tagalog settlers arrived in Nueva Ecija directly from Bulacan; also,
13464-461: The origins and prehistory of the Tagalog people based on linguistic evidence. According to Zorc, the prehistory of the Tagalogs began slightly more than one thousand years ago, when the Tagalog language first emerged as a separate speech variety. Tagalog is classified as a Central Philippine language , and is therefore closely related to the Bikol , Bisayan and Mansakan languages . Zorc theorizes that
13600-555: The other hand does not necessarily follow that grammar. Speakers tend to say Adto diri instead of Ari diri probably due to grammar borrowing from Hiligaynon because kadto/mokadto is the Hiligaynon word for "come" or "go" in general regardless the distance. The Cebuano dialect in Negros is somewhat similar to Standard Cebuano (spoken by the majority of the provincial areas of Cebu), with distinct Hiligaynon influences. It
13736-495: The outskirts of New Orleans, Louisiana . The Tagalog people played an active role during the 1896 Philippine Revolution and many of its leaders were either from Manila or surrounding provinces. The first Filipino president was Tagalog creole Emilio Aguinaldo . The Katipunan once intended to name the Philippines as Katagalugan, or the Tagalog Republic , and extended the meaning of these terms to all natives in
13872-405: The passage of RA No. 6430 on June 17, 1972, renaming it as Davao Province . Tedious technical and legal issues needed to be resolved before the name could be adopted. The proposal was thus shelved and the name finally agreed upon was Compostela Valley , referring to the great fertile plain in the heartland of the province. The origin of the province’s inhabitants came from the ethnic tribes of
14008-530: The people of the lowlands of the Manila region, which was formerly primarily swamps and marshlands , from the people living in higher elevations. Other authors, like the American anthropologist H. Otley Beyer , propose that tagá-álog meant "people of the ford /river crossing", from the modern meaning of the verb alog , which means "to wade". But this has been rejected by de Tavera as unlikely. Before
14144-416: The periphery of the larger Maritime Silk Road like much of Borneo , Sulawesi and eastern Indonesia , notable influences from Hinduism and Buddhism were brought to southwest Luzon and other parts of the Philippine archipelago by largely intermediate Bornean, Malay , Cham , and Javanese traders by this time period, likely much earlier. The earliest document in Tagalog and general Philippine history
14280-614: The poor minorities, especially the Mandayas . He died in a battle while defending the poor. According to legends, 40 days after his death, his bodily spirit was infused into the statue of Ara-Araba, the local tribe's god of harvest. From then on, he was worshipped as a god by the members of the Mandaya tribe. The primary language spoken in the province is Cebuano . Secondary languages include Kalagan , Mansaka , Mandaya , Ata Manobo , Dibabawnon, Tagalog, and English . Roman Catholicism
14416-659: The practice of adding Amani or Ynani before the first child's name. For those people of influence but without children, their relatives and acquaintances would throw a banquet where a new name would be given to the person; this new name was called pamagat . The name given was based on the person's old name, but it reflected excellence and was metaphorical. Tagalog cuisine is not defined ethnically or in centralized culinary institutions, but instead by town, province, or even region with specialized dishes developed largely at homes or various kinds of restaurants. Nonetheless, there are fundamental characteristics largely shared with most of
14552-447: The province are agricultural products such as rice, coconut, cacao, coffee, papaya, mango, pineapple, durian and banana. Some residents in the province have fishponds and culture their own fish like tilapia and milkfish . Davao de Oro is headed by its governor as the chief executive. The vice governor is the presiding officer of the Davao de Oro Provincial Board , the province's legislature. Each municipality elects its own mayor, and
14688-562: The province of Bataan was established on January 11, 1757 out of territories belonging to Pampanga and the corregimiento of Mariveles , Tagalogs migrated to east Bataan, where Kapampangans assimilated to the Tagalogs. Kapampangans were displaced to the towns near Pampanga by that time, along with the Aetas. This happened again when British occupation of Manila happened in 1762, when many Tagalog refugees from Manila and north areas of Cavite escaped to Bulacan and to neighboring Nueva Ecija, where
14824-429: The province to Davao de Oro. [REDACTED] Spain 1521–1898 [REDACTED] United States of America 1898–1942 [REDACTED] Japan 1942–1945 [REDACTED] Philippines 1946–present Davao de Oro, the 78th province in the country, was created out of Davao del Norte Province by virtue of Republic Act No. 8470 , signed by President Fidel V. Ramos on January 30, 1998. The new province
14960-422: The province was Davao del Norte , the former name, or so it was thought, of the mother province. However, the House of Representatives ’ Reference and Research Bureau, which conducted the research and legal work on the creation of the province, found out that the mother province continues to be officially referred to as Davao del Norte in most official documents including the 1987 Philippine Constitution despite
15096-554: The province was Prospero S. Amatong, the three-term governor (1986-1998) of the then undivided province of Davao del Norte, who held the position only for a day. As the law creating the new province allowed incumbent elected officials of Davao del Norte the option to serve the remainder of their term in Compostela Valley, Amatong took this option and assumed the governorship of the then-Compostela Valley on March 26, 1998. The following day, he resigned and filed his candidacy for
15232-454: The province, further augmented with its up-to-date transportation infrastructure. The province possesses one of the largest gold deposits in the Philippines, with 10 out of its 11 towns having one or more gold mines, the largest of which is at Mt. Diwalwal in the town of Monkayo . The town of Nabunturan , the provincial capital, is also home to the biggest gold ring in the Philippines, "The Solidarity Ring." The main sources of livelihood in
15368-537: The reason for making the two areas part of Southern Tagalog . The first documented Asian-origin people to arrive in North America after the beginning of European colonization were a group of Filipinos known as "Luzonians" or Luzon Indians who were part of the crew and landing party of the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de la Buena Esperanza . The ship set sail from Macau and landed in Morro Bay in what
15504-461: The regional lingua franca of trade and many polities enculturated Islamic Malay customs and governance to varying degrees, including Tagalogs and other coastal Philippine peoples. According to Bruneian folklore, at around 1500 Sultan Bolkiah launched a successful northward expedition to break Tondo's monopoly as a regional entrepot of the Chinese trade and established Maynila (Selurong?) across
15640-482: The relatively larger suprabarangay bayan of the Pasig River delta that served as a hub for slave trading. Such specialization also applied to other large towns like Cebu , Butuan , Jolo , and Cotabato . Tagalog barangays, especially around Manila Bay , were typically larger than most Philippine polities due to a largely flat geography of their environment hosting extensive irrigated rice agriculture (then
15776-468: The renaming as part of an clear up confusion with its geographic location, with the province's name sometimes associated with Cagayan Valley and the town of Compostela in Cebu, and associate it further with fellow provinces in the Davao Region . The plebiscite was held on December 7, 2019, with the majority of participants voting in favor of the name change. Davao de Oro covers a total area of 4,479.77 square kilometres (1,729.65 sq mi) occupying
15912-571: The rest of the Philippine archipelago alike all conducted business in Maynila, and to a lesser extent along the Batangas and Mindoro coasts. However, in a broader scope of Southeast Asian trade the bayan served a niche regional market comparable to smaller trade towns in Borneo, Sulawesi, and Maluku. On May 19, 1571, Miguel López de Legazpi gave the title "city" to the colony of Manila. The title
16048-493: The southern form of Standard Cebuano. It is also spoken in some parts of Siquijor and parts of Northern Mindanao. Boholano, especially as spoken in central Bohol, can be distinguished from other Cebuano variants by a few phonetic changes : Southern Kanâ is a dialect of both southern Leyte and Southern Leyte provinces; it is closest to the Mindanao Cebuano dialect at the southern area and northern Cebu dialect at
16184-632: The sparsely populated valley of the Zambales region was later settled by migrants, largely from the Tagalog and Ilocos regions , leading to the assimilation of Sambals to the Tagalog and Ilocano settlers and to the modern decline in the Sambal identity and language. The same situation happened in modern north Quezon and modern Aurora, where it was repopulated by settlers from Tagalog and Ilocos regions, with other settlers from Cordillera and Isabela , and married with some Aeta and Bugkalots , this led to
16320-400: The streets and alleyways during the festivities. Notable Tagalog weaving customs include: The majority of Tagalogs before colonization wore garments woven by the locals, much of which showed sophisticated designs and techniques. The Boxer Codex displays the intricacies and high standards of Tagalog clothing, especially among the gold-draped high society. High society members, which include
16456-469: The stress is predictable, such as with numbers and pronouns). The Cebuano language is written using the Latin script and the de facto writing convention is based on the Filipino orthography . There is no updated spelling rule of the language as the letter "Ee" is often interchangeable with "Ii" and "Oo" with "Uu" . Though it was recorded that the language used a different writing system prior to
16592-478: The time of President Ramon Magsaysay wherein the policy of attraction adopted by the national government was to offer parcels of land to tenant-farmers. Although a virtual melting pot, the Visayans (mostly Cebuano -speaking) are the dominant group in Davao de Oro. Upon its establishment, Davao de Oro was ruled by a succession of three governors during the first four months of its existence. The first governor of
16728-519: The urban Cebu City dialect, which Kana speakers find "rough"). A distinguishing feature of this dialect is the reduction of /A/ prominent, but an often unnoticed feature of this dialect is the labialisation of /n/ and /ŋ/ into /m/ , when these phonemes come before /p/ , /b/ and /m/ , velarisation of /m/ and /n/ into /ŋ/ before /k/ , /ɡ/ and /ŋ/ , and the dentalisation of /ŋ/ and /m/ into /n/ before /t/ , /d/ and /n/ and sometimes, before vowels and other consonants as well. This
16864-481: The west, Agusan del Sur to the north, and Davao Oriental to the east. To the southwest lies the Davao Gulf . The first elected governor was Jose Caballero, formerly a lawyer for a mining group in the province. It was formerly known as Compostela Valley (shortened to ComVal ; Cebuano : Kawalogang Kompostela ) from its inception until December 2019, when a plebiscite ratified the law that proposed to rename
17000-415: Was a practice among Tagalogs to add -in to female names to differentiate them from men. He provided an example in his work: "Si Ilog, the name of a male; Si Iloguin, the name of a female." Colin also wrote that Tagalog people used diminutives for children, and had appellations for various relationships. They also had these appellations for ancestors and descendants. By the time Colin wrote his work in
17136-561: Was billed as the second richest province in the Philippines by the Commission on Audit by year 2017. That year, its provincial government posted a record high of ₱18.75 billion worth of assets, the largest in whole Mindanao. As of 2019, with an increase of ₱20.099 billion worth of assets, it remains the richest province in Mindanao. The economic drive which brought the province to this status was caused by numerous business establishments, banana plantations, and vast gold and silver mines across
17272-751: Was certified on June 19, 1572. Under Spain, Manila became the colonial entrepot in the Far East . The Philippines was a Spanish colony administered under the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the governor-general of the Philippines who ruled from Manila was sub-ordinate to the viceroy in Mexico City . Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen, including Vocabulario de la lengua tagala by Pedro de San Buenaventura ( Pila, Laguna , 1613), Pablo Clain 's Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (beginning of
17408-435: Was decided that the addition of four municipalities, namely Maco , Mabini , Pantukan , and Laak to the proposed province would be the most ideal and equitable configuration as this would make both provinces on an almost equal footing in terms of area, population, and development opportunities. It was also decided that Nabunturan would be the capital town because of its more central location. The name originally proposed for
17544-563: Was later expanded to five vowels with the introduction of Spanish. As a consequence, the vowels ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩ , as well as ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ , are still mostly allophones . They can be freely switched with each other without losing their meaning ( free variation ); though it may sound strange to a native listener, depending on their dialect. The vowel ⟨a⟩ has no variations, though it can be pronounced subtly differently, as either /a/ or /ʌ/ (and very rarely as /ɔ/ immediately after
17680-705: Was likely female royalty. All of the aforementioned polities seemed to have close relations elsewhere with the polities of Dewata and Mdang, theorized to be the present-day area of Butuan in Mindanao and the Mataram Kingdom in Java. Additionally, several records from Song China and Brunei mention a particular polity called Ma-i , the earliest in 971. Several places within Tagalog-speaking areas contend for its location: Bulalacao (formerly Mait ), Bay , and Malolos . Ma-i had close trade relations with
17816-516: Was mentioned in 228 entries in Vocabulario de la lengua tagala . In the 16th-century Tagalog region, the region of Paracale (modern-day Camarines Norte ) was noted for its abundance in gold. Paracale is connected to the archipelago's largest port, Manila, through the Tayabas province and Pila, Laguna . The Tagalog term for gold, still in use today, is ginto . The craftsman who works on metal
17952-413: Was officially named Compostela Valley. On March 7 of the same year, the law was ratified through a plebiscite conducted in the eleven (11) municipalities of the mother province. The movement to create a new province by dividing Davao del Norte started in the 1980s during the time of Congressman Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr., himself the author of RA No. 6430. However, this was not realized until his death in
18088-490: Was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly re-edited, with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila. The indigenous poet Francisco Baltazar (1788–1862) is regarded as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the early 19th-century epic Florante at Laura . Prior to Spanish arrival and Catholic seeding,
18224-449: Was the first elected governor of Compostela Valley. Arturo T. "Chiongkee" Uy is the fourth governor of Compostela Valley. He first served the province as member of the 3rd Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Compostela Valley (2004-2007) before he was elected as governor in the May 2007 national and local elections. He was reelected unopposed during the May 2010 national and local elections. In 1955,
18360-480: Was the largest entrepot within the Philippine archipelago primarily from retailing Chinese and Japanese manufactured goods and wares throughout Luzon, the Visayan islands (where Bisaya would mistakenly call Tagalog and Bornean traders alike as Sina ), Palawan , Sulu , and Maguindanao . Tagalog (alongside Kapampangan) traders also worked elsewhere as far as Timor and Canton . Bruneian , Malay , Chinese , Japanese , Siamese , Khmer , Cham , and traders from
18496-559: Was the mother's business to give them names. Generally, the name was taken from the child's circumstances at the time of birth. In his work, Colin gave an example of how names were given: "For example, Maliuag, which means 'difficult', because of the difficulty of the birth; Malacas, which signifies 'strong', for it is thought that the infant will be strong." A surname was only given upon the birth of one's first child. Fathers added Amani ( Ama ni in modern Tagalog), while mothers added Ynani ( Ina ni in modern Tagalog); these names preceded
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