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85-418: To use a concealer, an individual typically applies a small amount of product to the area of the skin that they want to cover. The concealer is then blended into the surrounding skin using a brush, sponge, or the fingertips to create a seamless finish. Concealers can be applied before or after foundation, depending on the desired effect. Applying concealer before foundation can help to create a more even canvas for

170-526: A "big sister" from the senior class who introduced her to 19-year-old Charles "Chuck" Fremont McGrew III, an heir to a large fortune. By the fall of 1926, Harlow and Chuck were dating seriously, and they were married in 1928. Jean Carpenter was also married that same year to Marino Bello, on January 18. However, Harlow did not attend her mother's wedding. In 1928, two months after the wedding, Chuck McGrew turned 21 and received part of his inheritance. The couple left Chicago and moved to Los Angeles, settling into

255-644: A 10-week personal-appearance tour on the East Coast. To the surprise of many, especially Harlow herself, she packed every theater in which she appeared, often appearing in a single venue for several nights. Despite critical disparagement and poor roles, Harlow's popularity and following were large and growing, and in February 1932, the tour was extended by six weeks. According to Fay Wray , who played Ann Darrow in RKO Pictures 's King Kong (1933), Harlow

340-516: A concerned Gable visited her and later remarked that she was severely bloated and that he smelled urine on her breath when he kissed her—both signs of kidney failure . Dr. Leland Chapman, a colleague of Fishbaugh, was called in to give a second opinion on Harlow's condition. Chapman recognized that she was not suffering from an inflamed gallbladder , but was in the final stages of kidney failure. On June 6, 1937, Harlow said that she could not see Powell clearly and could not tell how many fingers he

425-516: A doctor because she was a Christian Scientist or that Harlow had declined hospital treatment or surgery. From the onset of her illness, Harlow had been attended by a doctor while she was resting at home. Two nurses also visited her house, and various equipment was brought from a nearby hospital. Harlow's grayish complexion, recurring illnesses, and severe sunburn were signs of the disease. Toxins also adversely affected her brain and central nervous system. Harlow suffered from scarlet fever when she

510-480: A financial disappointment that co-starred Spencer Tracy and Una Merkel . Afterwards the release of worldwide hit Libeled Lady (1936), in which she was top-billed over Powell, Loy, and Tracy, brought good reviews for Harlow's comedic performance. During the filming, Jean Harlow was involved with William Powell while Spencer Tracy was having an affair with Myrna Loy. She then filmed W.S. Van Dyke 's comedy Personal Property (1937), co-starring Robert Taylor . It

595-577: A home in Beverly Hills , where Harlow thrived as a wealthy socialite . McGrew hoped to distance Harlow from her mother with the move. Neither Chuck nor Harlow worked during this time, and both were considered heavy drinkers. While living in Los Angeles, Harlean befriended a young aspiring actress named Rosalie Roy. Not owning a car herself, Rosalie asked Harlean to drive her to Fox Studios for an appointment. While waiting for Rosalie, Harlean

680-653: A line of makeup, skincare and perfume products that were sold only by uniformed clerks in department stores. The packaging and products were different; many of the containers were designed to resemble Greek sculptures. The early 1960s saw the company become a public company and list its Class A stock on the New York Stock Exchange . This period also saw the third generation of the Factor family, Barbara Factor, Davis Jr. Factor, Donald Factor, Alfred Firestein, and Chester Firestein rising to senior positions within

765-478: A number of job offers rejected by Harlean, Mother Jean finally pressed her into accepting work at the studio. Harlean appeared in her first film, Honor Bound (1928), as an unbilled "extra" for $ 7 a day (equivalent to approximately $ 124 in 2023 dollars) and a box lunch, common pay for such work. This led to a wage increase to $ 10 per day and small parts in feature films such as Moran of the Marines (1928) and

850-497: A particular type of blemish. Concealers with yellow undertones are used to hide dark circles. Green and blue can counteract red patches on the skin, such as those caused by pimples, broken veins, or rosacea . A purple-tinted concealer can make sallow (yellowish) complexions look brighter. Each type of concealer is unique and has qualities that are better suited for different skin types. These are some common ingredients found in all concealer products: Max Factor Max Factor

935-471: A softer light. At the same time the orthochromatic film, which until that time had been used by the industry, was replaced by super-sensitive faster Panchromatic film which noticeably darkened skin colors. These developments required six months of intensive development to create make-up compatible with the new environment. Because they had been designed for black and white film the existing products were unsuitable for everyday use. This new Panchromatic make-up

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1020-486: A string of hits built on her comedic talent: Red-Headed Woman (1932), Red Dust (1932), Dinner at Eight (1933), Reckless (1935) and Suzy (1936). Harlow's popularity rivaled and then surpassed that of MGM's top leading ladies Joan Crawford , Greta Garbo and Norma Shearer . She died at the age of 26 of kidney failure while filming Saratoga . MGM completed the film with the use of body doubles and released it less than two months after her death; it became

1105-520: A total of six films. She was also paired multiple times with Spencer Tracy and William Powell . MGM began trying to distinguish Harlow's public persona from her screen characters by putting out press releases that her childhood surname was not the common 'Carpenter' but the chic 'Carpentiér', claiming that writer Edgar Allan Poe was one of her ancestors and publishing photographs of her doing charity work to change her image to that of an all-American woman. This transformation proved difficult; once, Harlow

1190-513: A two-picture deal for her at Columbia Pictures . The relationship ended when he reportedly referred to her in derogatory and vulgar terms when speaking to other associated crime figures, as revealed in secret surveillance recordings. Columbia Pictures first cast Harlow in a Frank Capra film with Loretta Young , originally titled Gallagher for Young's lead character but renamed Platinum Blonde to capitalize on Hughes' publicity of Harlow's "platinum" hair color. Though Harlow denied her hair

1275-437: A week. It was the first film in which she "resembles something of an actress", portraying a woman who is successful at being amoral in a film that does not moralize or punish the character for her behavior. The film is often noted as being one of the few films in which Harlow did not appear with platinum blonde hair; she wore a red wig for the role. While Harlow was filming Red-Headed Woman , actress Anita Page passed her on

1360-408: A younger, more savvy consumer. Maxi sold products aimed at adolescent tastes, such as lip gloss, color rubs and "mood" lipsticks. Maxi was priced to compete with market leaders Bonne Bell and CoverGirl . Neither Maxi, Geminesse, nor Max Factor were able to lift the company's declining profits and market share. In 1983 Norton Simon was taken over by Esmark , by which time no one in the Factor family

1445-422: Is a line of cosmetics from Coty , founded in 1909 as Max Factor & Company by Maksymilian Faktorowicz . Max Factor specialized in movie make-up. Until its 1973 sale for US$ 500 million (approximately $ 3.6 billion in 2017 dollars), Max Factor & Company was owned by several generations of the family, becoming an international company during that time. Procter & Gamble purchased it in 1991. Max Factor

1530-399: Is available in a variety of shades. When picking a concealer, people tend to choose one or two shades lighter than their skin tone to better hide their blemishes and dark circles under the eye; once blended out and then set with a powder, it will be smooth and resemble more youthful skin. Some colors are intended to look like a natural skin tone, while others are meant to cancel out the color of

1615-670: The 1934 California gubernatorial election . The trip was physically taxing for Harlow, and she contracted influenza . She recovered in time to attend the Academy Awards ceremony with William Powell. Filming for Harlow's final film, Saratoga , co-starring Clark Gable , was scheduled to begin in March 1937. However, production was delayed when she developed sepsis after a multiple wisdom tooth extraction, and had to be hospitalized. Almost two months later, Harlow recovered, and shooting began on April 22, 1937. She also appeared on

1700-842: The Charley Chase lost film Chasing Husbands (1928). In December 1928, Harlean as Jean Harlow signed a five-year contract with Hal Roach Studios for $ 100 per week. She had small roles in the 1929 Laurel and Hardy shorts: Double Whoopee , Liberty and Bacon Grabbers , the last giving her a costarring credit. In March 1929, she parted with Hal Roach , who tore up her contract after Harlow told him, "It's breaking up my marriage, what can I do?" In June 1929, Harlow separated from her husband and moved in with Mother Jean and Bello. After her separation from McGrew, Harlow continued working as an "extra" in such films as This Thing Called Love , Close Harmony , and The Love Parade (all 1929), until she landed her first speaking role in

1785-509: The Clara Bow film The Saturday Night Kid . Harlow and her husband divorced in 1929. In late 1929, Harlow was spotted by Ben Lyon , an actor filming Howard Hughes ' Hell's Angels ; another account gives Angels head cameraman Arthur Landau as the man who spotted and suggested her to Hughes. Hughes was reshooting most of his originally silent film with sound and needed an actress to replace Greta Nissen , whose Norwegian accent

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1870-511: The May 3 cover of Life magazine in photographs by Martin Munkácsi . On May 20, 1937, while filming Saratoga , Harlow began to complain of illness. Her symptoms— fatigue , nausea , fluid retention and abdominal pain —did not seem very serious to the studio doctor, who believed that she was suffering from cholecystitis and influenza. The doctor was not aware that Harlow had been ill during

1955-661: The US, and, it was hoped, MGM's next Greta Garbo . Still young, her star continued to rise while the popularity of other female stars at MGM, such as Garbo, Joan Crawford and Norma Shearer , waned. Harlow's movies continued to make huge profits at the box office even during the middle of the Depression . After her third marriage ended in 1934, Harlow met William Powell , another MGM star, and quickly fell in love. The couple were reportedly engaged for two years, but differences that ranged from past marriages to Powell's uncertainty about

2040-582: The West Coast distributor of both Leichner and Minor, two leading theatrical make-up manufacturers. When the film industry was beginning to evolve, stick greasepaint (although the accepted make-up for stage use) could not be applied thinly enough, nor did the colors work satisfactorily on the screen. Factor began experimenting with various compounds to develop a suitable make-up for the new film medium. By 1914 he had perfected his first cosmetic product. With this major achievement to his credit, Max Factor became

2125-613: The all-star comedy-drama Dinner at Eight , and played a pressured Hollywood film star in the screwball comedy Bombshell with Lee Tracy and Franchot Tone . The film has been said to be based on Harlow's own life or that of 1920s " It girl " Clara Bow . The following year, she was teamed with Lionel Barrymore and Tone in The Girl from Missouri (1934). The film was the studio's attempt to soften Harlow's image, but suffered from censorship problems, so much so that its original title, Born to Be Kissed , had to be changed. After

2210-493: The assistant director telephone William Powell , who immediately left his own movie set, in order to escort her back home. The next day, Powell checked on Harlow and discovered that her condition had not improved. He contacted her mother and insisted that she cut her holiday short to be at her daughter's side. Powell also summoned a doctor. Because Harlow's previous illnesses had delayed the shooting of three movies ( Wife vs. Secretary , Suzy , and Libeled Lady ), initially there

2295-963: The authority on cosmetics in film-making. Soon movie stars were eager to sample his "flexible greasepaint". For the first few years of the business, Factor personally applied his products to actors and actresses. He developed a reputation for being able to customize makeup to present film stars in the best possible light on screen. Among his most notable clients were Mabel Normand , Ben Turpin , Gloria Swanson , Mary Pickford , Pola Negri , Jean Harlow , Claudette Colbert , Bette Davis , Norma Shearer , Joan Crawford , Lucille Ball and Judy Garland . In 1918, Max Factor completed development of his "Color Harmony" face powder which, due to its wide range of shades, allowed him to customize and provide more consistent make-up for each actor. He created many unique looks for notable actresses, such as Clara Bow 's heart-shaped/ pierrot lips. Years later, he exaggerated Joan Crawford 's naturally full lips to distinguish her from

2380-485: The company agreed to merge with Norton Simon. This event was marred weeks later by the sudden death of Alfred Jay Firestein at the age of 48. Chester Firestein succeeded him as president of the company, only to resign three years later in 1976, to devote his time to his personal interests; he was replaced by a non-family member. His departure, together with that of Max Factor, Jr., in the same year, meant that there were now no members of Max Factor's immediate family working for

2465-420: The company. During Chester Firestein's time in charge the company expanded overseas and launched many new products including Musk For Men, UltaLucent Waterproof make-up and, in 1975, the successful Halston line of fragrances, which quickly became the second best-selling designer fragrance in the world, trailing Chanel No. 5 . It was under Norton Simon that Max Factor launched "Maxi", a line of makeup aimed at

2550-428: The company. His place of work is now a museum located in downtown Hollywood. By the early 1970s Sidney Factor had retired from the board, and Barbara Factor, Donald Factor and Davis Jr. Factor from the third generation had also left the company to pursue other interests. As a result, there was decreasing family involvement. Davis Factor was still board chairman while Alfred Jay Firestein was president and CEO when in 1973

2635-426: The crime scene re-arranged by MGM executives to make it appear Bern had killed himself. After Bern's death, Harlow began an indiscreet affair with boxer Max Baer who, though separated from his wife Dorothy Dunbar , was threatened with divorce proceedings naming Harlow as a co-respondent for alienation of affection , a legal term for adultery . After Bern's death, the studio did not want another scandal and defused

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2720-918: The divorce. In 1923, the 32-year-old Jean Carpenter took her daughter and moved to Hollywood in hopes of becoming an actress, but was told that she was too old to begin a film career. Harlean was enrolled at the Hollywood School for Girls, where she met Douglas Fairbanks Jr. , Joel McCrea , and Irene Mayer Selznick , but dropped out at the age of 14, in the spring of 1925. With their finances dwindling, Jean and Harlean moved back to Kansas City after Skip Harlow issued an ultimatum that he would disinherit his daughter if they did not return. Several weeks later, Skip sent his granddaughter to summer camp at Camp Cha-Ton-Ka, in Michigamme, Michigan , where she became ill with scarlet fever . Jean Carpenter traveled to Michigan to care for Harlean, rowing herself across

2805-509: The early 1930s. In 1935, Max Factor opened the Max Factor Salon , which was frequented by virtually all of Classic Hollywood 's greatest starlets. While Max Factor was satisfied to remain a specialized supplier of products to the film community, his children were convinced they could grow the company into a much larger enterprise. National distribution began in 1927 when Sales Builders, an established distribution company, obtained

2890-429: The fastest and largest selling single make-up item to date, as well as the standard make-up used in all Technicolor films. In the 1930s, Factor helped to develop a mask-like device to measure the contours of subjects' faces. He called it the "Beauty Micrometer". Its purpose was to detect even barely-visible structural flaws, that might be magnified and more-noticeable on camera. A technician could then apply makeup to mask

2975-413: The film was finished using three doubles ( Mary Dees for close-ups, Geraldine Dvorak for long shots, and Paula Winslowe for dubbing Harlow's lines) and rewriting some scenes without her. The film was released on July 23, 1937, less than two months after Harlow's death, and was a hit with audiences, grossing $ 3.3 million in worldwide rentals and becoming the highest-grossing film of the year, as well as

3060-414: The film, offering the role to Tallulah Bankhead . Bankhead was appalled by the offer and wrote in her autobiography, "To damn the radiant Jean for the misfortune of another would be one of the shabbiest acts of all time. I told Mr. Mayer as much." Harlow kept silent, survived the ordeal, and became more popular than ever. A 2009 biography of Bern asserted that Bern was, in fact, murdered by a former lover and

3145-631: The first quarter of 2010, Procter & Gamble had discontinued Max Factor in the United States, instead focusing its marketing efforts on the more successful CoverGirl cosmetics line. Max Factor continued to be marketed overseas. In June, 2015, Max Factor was one of a number of beauty brands purchased from P&G by Coty for $ 12 billion. Coty relaunched Max Factor in 2018. Max Factor is credited with many cosmetic innovations, among which are: Jean Harlow Jean Harlow (born Harlean Harlow Carpenter ; March 3, 1911 – June 7, 1937)

3230-461: The foundation, while applying concealer after foundation can help to touch up any areas that still require coverage. Concealers comes in different forms such as liquid, cream, stick, pencil, and powder. The first commercially available concealer was Max Factor 's Erace , launched in 1954. Camouflage makeup is a much heavier pigmented form of concealer. It is used to cover serious skin discolorations such as birthmarks, scars and vitiligo . Concealer

3315-523: The future, kept them from publicly formalizing their relationship. The two co-starred in her next film Reckless (1935), her first movie musical ; her voice was dubbed with that of vocalist Virginia Verrill . Suzy (1936), in which she played the title role, gave her top billing over four time co-star Tone and Cary Grant . While critics noted that Harlow dominated the film, it was a reasonable box-office success. She then starred in Riffraff (1936)

3400-577: The highest-grossing film of 1937, as well as the highest-grossing film of her career. Harlow was born Harlean Harlow Carpenter in a house located at 3344 Olive Street in Kansas City, Missouri . Her father, Mont Clair Carpenter (1877–1974), son of Abraham L. Carpenter and Dianna ( née Beal), was a dentist who attended dental school in Kansas City. He was from a working-class background. Her mother, Jean Poe Carpenter ( née Harlow; 1891–1958),

3485-472: The highest-grossing film of Jean Harlow's career. According to Camille Paglia , the notion that blondes have more fun was started in Hollywood by Harlow. Pagilia noted "The women who really started all this in Hollywood was Jean Harlow, with that platinum blonde look which was so incredibly unnatural. With her it was associated with being a harlot — she was mimicking the slouchy, louche look of someone who's

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3570-594: The highest-grossing film of that year, besting even Greta Garbo 's talkie debut in Anna Christie . Hell's Angels made Harlow an international star. Though she was popular with audiences, the critics were less than enthusiastic. The New Yorker called her performance "plain awful", though Variety magazine conceded, "It doesn't matter what degree of talent she possesses ... nobody ever starved possessing what she's got." In spite of her relative success with Hell's Angels , Harlow again found herself in

3655-524: The hit Hold Your Man , MGM cast the Harlow-Gable team in two more successful films: China Seas (1935), with Wallace Beery and Rosalind Russell ; and Wife vs. Secretary (1936), with Myrna Loy and James Stewart . Stewart later spoke of a scene in a car with Harlow in Wife vs. Secretary , saying, " Clarence Brown , the director, wasn't too pleased by the way I did the smooching. He made us repeat

3740-586: The lake to the camp, but was told that she could not see her daughter. Harlean next attended the Ferry Hall School (now Lake Forest Academy ) in Lake Forest, Illinois . Jean Carpenter had an ulterior motive for her daughter's attendance at this particular school: It was close to the Chicago home of her boyfriend, Marino Bello. During Harlow's freshman year at the school, she was paired with

3825-425: The latest changes in studio lighting and film stock. This product was quick to apply as well as non-greasy. It was released to the public in 1948 and was immediately commercially successful. In 1951 the company expanded their range to offer a range of male shampoo, aftershave lotion, deodorant and shaving foams. The introduction of color television lead the company to develop Max Factor Color TV Make-up, which became

3910-516: The many would-be stars copying the Clara Bow look. He also created specific shades: Platinum ( Jean Harlow ), Special Medium ( Joan Crawford ), Dark ( Claudette Colbert ) and Light Egyptian ( Lena Horne ). For Rudolph Valentino , he created makeup to complement the actor's complexion and mask the darkness of his skin on screen. In 1920, Max Factor accepted his son Frank's suggestion and officially began referring to his products as "make-up," based on

3995-539: The movie Ben-Hur to ensure the skin color of the extras used in filming undertaken in America would match that of the darker-skinned Italian extras in the scenes filmed in Italy. For the 1926 film Mare Nostrum , Max and Frank Factor developed the first waterproof theatrical make-up. By the 1920s, Max Factor was becoming known outside the film community, which led to the company developing an in-house PR department in

4080-412: The news that MGM had purchased her contract from Hughes for $ 30,000. Harlow officially joined the studio on April 20, 1932. At MGM, Harlow was given superior movie roles to show off her looks and nascent comedic talent. Though her screen persona changed dramatically during her career, one constant was her sense of humor. In 1932, she starred in the comedy Red-Headed Woman for which she received $ 1,250

4165-401: The previous year with a severe sunburn and influenza. Friend and co-star Una Merkel noticed Harlow's on-set weight gain, gray pallor and fatigue. On May 29, while Harlow filmed a scene in which her character had a fever, she was clearly sicker than her character and leaned against her co-star Gable between takes and said, "I feel terrible! Get me back to my dressing room." She requested that

4250-466: The prize went unclaimed, but the publicity scheme worked and the "Platinum Blonde" nickname stuck with Harlow. Her second film for that studio was Three Wise Girls (1932), with Mae Clarke and Walter Byron , in which she was top billed for the first time. Paul Bern then arranged with Hughes to borrow her for MGM's The Beast of the City (1932), co-starring Walter Huston . After filming, Bern booked

4335-407: The problem. After Max Factor's death in 1938, Frank Factor took the name Max Factor, Jr. , and expanded the still private cosmetics firm, along with members of the immediate family including Sidney Factor, Louis Factor, Davis Factor and Max Firestein. In 1939 Max Factor, Jr., began development of a smear-proof lipstick which would also both be non-irritating and not change color. A kissing machine

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4420-567: The public eye has endured. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Harlow number 22 on its greatest female screen legends list. Harlow was first signed by business magnate Howard Hughes , who directed her first major role in Hell's Angels (1930). After a series of critically failed films, and Hughes' loss of interest in her career, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer bought out Harlow's contract in 1932 and cast her in leading roles in

4505-442: The rights to advertise, distribute and sell Factor's products. Due to his strong connection with the film industry, Max Factor was able to use celebrity endorsements in advertising. In return for a nominal payment of US$ 1 to the actor, the advertising would also promote the star's latest film. The introduction of sound-on-film led to the replacement of the old noisy carbon arc lights by tungsten lights, which were less hot and created

4590-696: The role of "uncredited extra" in the Charlie Chaplin film City Lights (1931), though her appearance did not make the final cut. With no other projects planned for Harlow at the time, Hughes decided to send her to New York, Seattle, and Kansas City for Hell's Angels premieres. In 1931, his Caddo Company loaned her out to other studios, where she gained more attention by appearing in The Secret Six , with Wallace Beery and Clark Gable ; Iron Man , with Lew Ayres and Robert Armstrong ; and The Public Enemy , with James Cagney . Even though

4675-590: The same room were reserved for Harlow's mother and Powell. Harlow's mother was buried there in 1958, but Powell married actress Diana Lewis in 1940. After his death in 1984, he was cremated and his ashes buried in Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California . MGM planned to replace Harlow in Saratoga with either Jean Arthur or Virginia Bruce , but because of public objections,

4760-413: The scene about half a dozen times ... I botched it up on purpose. That Jean Harlow sure was a good kisser. I realized that until then, I had never been really kissed." Harlow was consistently voted one of the strongest box office draws in the United States from 1933 onward, often outranking her female colleagues at MGM in audience popularity polls. By the mid-1930s, she was one of the biggest stars in

4845-499: The situation by arranging a marriage between Harlow and cinematographer Harold Rosson . Rosson and Harlow were friends, and Rosson went along with the plan. They quietly divorced eight months later. By 1933, MGM realized the value of the Harlow-Gable team with Red Dust and paired them again in Hold Your Man (1933), which was also a box-office success. In the same year, she played the adulterous wife of Wallace Beery in

4930-609: The standard for use in color television. In 1955 the company released "Electrique", its first fragrance and three years later "Primitif". In 1956 Max Factor inc. purchased Sales Builders, which had until that time handled all of their national sales and distribution. This led to a complete reorganization of the company's American markets, advertising, sales and distribution division. By the 1960s, Max Factor, Jr., Max Firestein, and grandsons Donald Factor, Alfred Jay Firestein and Chester Lee Firestein were still involved. Under his leadership, in 1965 Max Factor, Jr., established "Geminesse",

5015-487: The studio lot without acknowledging her. She later told Page that the snub had caused her to cry until she saw herself, noticed the red wig, and burst out laughing when she realized Page had not recognized her. "That shows you how sensitive she was", Page said. "She was a lovely person in so many ways." She next starred in Red Dust , her second film with Clark Gable. Harlow and Gable worked well together and co-starred in

5100-427: The successes of these films ranged from moderate to hit, Harlow's acting ability was mocked by critics. Hughes sent her on a brief publicity tour in order to bolster her career, but this was not a success as Harlow dreaded making personal appearances. Harlow briefly dated gangster Abner Zwillman , who bought her a jeweled bracelet and a red Cadillac , and made a large cash loan to studio head Harry Cohn to obtain

5185-470: The time the company was only able to produce enough to meet studio demand, which delayed commercial release until production could be increased. The company used the release of Vogues of 1938 in August 1937 and five months later The Goldwyn Follies , the second film to use the make-up, to commercially release Pan-Cake to the public, backed by a color-based national advertising campaign. It immediately became

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5270-430: The time, Frank Factor took the lead in the two years it took to develop a suitable make-up, initially called the "T-D" and then renamed the "Pan-Cake" series. It was sold in a solid cake form and applied with a damp sponge which offered the advantage of concealing skin imperfections under a transparent matte finish. Its first appearance was in the film Vogues of 1938 . The Pan-Cake make-up was made for on-screen looks but

5355-571: The verb phrase "to make up" (one's face). Until then the term "cosmetics" had been used; "make-up" was considered vulgar, to be used only by people in the theater or of dubious reputation and not in polite society. In 1922, while on holiday in Europe with his wife, Factor visited the Leichner headquarters in Germany. He was by then the biggest retailer of their theatrical stick greasepaint, yet Factor

5440-525: Was 15, and speculation that she suffered a poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis following the incident, which may have caused high blood pressure and ultimately kidney failure, has been suggested. Her death certificate lists the cause of death as "acute respiratory infection", "acute nephritis ", and " uremia ". One MGM writer later said, "The day Baby died...there wasn't one sound in the commissary for three hours." Frequent costar Spencer Tracy wrote in his diary, "Jean Harlow died. Grand girl." Harlow

5525-492: Was Harlow's final completed motion picture appearance. In January 1937, Harlow and Robert Taylor traveled to Washington, D.C. , to take part in fundraising activities associated with President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's birthday, for the organization later known as the March of Dimes . Harlow, a Democrat, had campaigned for Roosevelt in the 1936 United States presidential election , and two years earlier for Upton Sinclair in

5610-416: Was accustomed and which endured for the rest of her life. It was not until she was five years old that she learned her real name was Harlean, when staff and students at Miss Barstow's Finishing School for Girls used the name. Harlean was always very close to her mother, who was extremely protective. Her mother was reported to have instilled a sense in her daughter that she owed everything she had to her; "She

5695-412: Was always all mine!", Mama Jean said of her daughter in interviews. Jean Carpenter was later known by "Mama Jean" when Harlean achieved star status as Jean Harlow. When Harlean was at finishing school, her mother filed for a divorce. On September 29, 1922, the uncontested divorce was finalized, giving sole custody of Harlean to her mother. Although Harlean loved her father, she did not see him often after

5780-451: Was an American actress. Known for her portrayal of "bad girl" characters, she was the leading sex symbol of the early 1930s and one of the defining figures of the pre-Code era of American cinema. Often nicknamed the "Blonde Bombshell" and the "Platinum Blonde", Harlow was popular for her "Laughing Vamp " screen persona. Harlow was in the film industry for only nine years, but she became one of Hollywood's biggest movie stars, whose image in

5865-449: Was bleached, the platinum blonde color was reportedly achieved with a weekly application of ammonia , Clorox bleach , and Lux soap flakes . This process weakened and damaged Harlow's naturally ash-blonde hair. Many female fans began dyeing their hair to match hers and Hughes' team organized a series of "Platinum Blonde" clubs across the nation offering a prize of $ 10,000 to any beautician who could match Harlow's shade. No one could, and

5950-464: Was born Maksymilian Faktorowicz in Congress Poland , and later moved to Moscow where he was employed as a wig maker. After immigrating to the United States in 1904, Factor moved his family and business to Los Angeles , California , seeing an opportunity to provide made-to-order wigs and theatrical make-up to the growing film industry. Besides selling his own make-up products he soon became

6035-473: Was constructed to test the formula's resistance to fading. The result was released in 1940 as "Tru-Color" in six shades of red. During World War II, Max Factor developed make-up shades for use by the US Marine Corps in camouflaging faces. In 1947 after 26 months of development by Max Factor, Jr., the company released "Pan-Stik", a cream make-up supplied in stick form and designed to take advantage of

6120-434: Was heard muttering, "My God, must I always wear a low-cut dress to be important?" During the making of Red Dust , Bern—her husband of two months—was found dead at their home; this created a lasting scandal. Initially, Harlow was suspected of killing Bern, but his death was officially ruled a suicide by self-inflicted gunshot wound. Louis B. Mayer feared negative publicity from the incident and intended to replace Harlow in

6205-457: Was holding up. That evening, she was taken to Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles, where she slipped into a coma. The next day at 11:37 a.m., Harlow died in the hospital at the age of 26. In the doctor's press releases, the cause of death was given as cerebral edema , a complication of kidney failure. Hospital records mention uremia . For years, rumors circulated about Harlow's death. Some claimed that her mother had refused to call

6290-595: Was interred in the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale in a private room of multicolored marble, which William Powell bought for $ 25,000 (equivalent to approximately $ 529,861 in 2023 dollars). She was laid to rest in the pink negligee she'd worn in Saratoga and in her hands she had a white gardenia along with a note that Powell had written: "Goodnight, my dearest darling." Harlow's inscription on her crypt reads, "Our Baby". Spaces in

6375-531: Was involved in the company's day-to-day operations. A year later Esmark merged with Beatrice Foods , which lumped Max Factor into their Playtex beauty division and moved the Max Factor headquarters from Los Angeles to Stamford, Connecticut. In 1986, Ronald Perelman of Revlon bought the Playtex beauty division for $ 500 million. In 1991, Revlon sold Max Factor to Procter & Gamble for $ 1.5 billion. By

6460-554: Was no great concern regarding this latest bout with a recurring illness. On June 2, it was announced she was again suffering from influenza. Dr. Ernest Fishbaugh, who had been called to Harlow's home to treat her, diagnosed her with an inflamed gallbladder. Mother Jean told MGM that Harlow was feeling better on June 3, and co-workers expected her back on the set by Monday, June 7, 1937. Press reports were contradictory, with headlines reading "Jean Harlow seriously ill" and "Harlow recovers from illness crisis". When she did not return to set,

6545-435: Was not only more hygienic, but could be applied thinly and evenly. Soon Max Factor's version was the leading brand. By the 1920s, his sons Davis and Frank were heavily involved in the business, with Davis the general manager and Frank assisting his father in the development of new products. In 1925, the company received its biggest order to date when it had to complete a rush order to supply 600 gallons of light olive makeup for

6630-512: Was noticed and approached by Fox executives, whom she told she was not interested. Nevertheless, she was given letters of introduction to Central Casting . A few days later, Rosalie Roy bet Harlean that she did not have the nerve to go in for an audition. Unwilling to lose a wager and pressed by her enthusiastic mother who had followed her daughter to Los Angeles by this time, Harlean went to Central Casting and signed in under her mother's maiden name, Jean Harlow. After several calls from casting and

6715-499: Was now romantically involved with Harlow and spoke to Louis B. Mayer about buying her contract with Hughes and signing her to MGM, but Mayer declined. MGM's leading ladies were presented as elegant, and Harlow's screen persona was not so to Mayer. Bern then began urging close friend Irving Thalberg , production head of MGM, to sign Harlow, noting her popularity and established image. After initial reluctance Thalberg agreed, and on March 3, 1932, Harlow's 21st birthday, Bern called her with

6800-424: Was snubbed and kept waiting at reception. Upset at this treatment, he left and immediately cabled his sons to begin selling his own brand of greasepaint. Until then, Factor had made his own greasepaint for his clients, but had made no attempt to market it while he was representing other brands. Now he concentrated on his own products, which he offered in a collapsible tube instead of in stick form. His tube greasepaint

6885-468: Was the daughter of wealthy real estate broker Skip Harlow and his wife, Ella Harlow ( née Williams). In 1908, Skip Harlow arranged his daughter's marriage to Mont Clair Carpenter. She was underage at the time and grew resentful and unhappy in the marriage, but the Carpenters remained together living in a Kansas City house owned by her father. Harlean's family called her "Baby," a nickname to which she

6970-498: Was the original choice to play the screaming blonde heroine, but was under an exclusive contract with MGM during the film's pre-production phase—and the part went to Wray, a brunette who had to wear a blonde wig. When mobster Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel came to Hollywood to expand casino operations, Harlow became the informal godmother of Siegel's eldest daughter, Millicent, when the family lived in Beverly Hills. Paul Bern

7055-462: Was trademarked in October 1929. The development of Technicolor film required the company to develop a new line of products as its existing Panchromatic make-up left a slight sheen on the skin which reflected surrounding colors. As a result of how bad they looked in color many actors and actresses refused to appear in color films. Because Max Factor was recovering from being hit by a delivery van at

7140-451: Was undesirable for her character. Harlow screen-tested for Hughes, who gave her the part. On October 24, 1929, Harlow signed a five-year contract with Hughes, paying $ 100-per-week (equivalent to approximately $ 1,774 in 2023 dollars). During filming of Hells Angels , Harlow met MGM executive Paul Bern , her future husband, for the first time. Hell's Angels premiered in Hollywood at Grauman's Chinese Theatre on May 27, 1930, and became

7225-466: Was wearable for day-to-day looks. It was an immediate hit and its advantages led to women stealing it from the film sets and using it privately. Its only disadvantage for everyday use was that it could not be used at night as it made the skin too dark under all but the powerful lights used in film studios. While Max Factor wanted to reserve the product for film use, Frank Factor was open to the commercial possibilities and began developing lighter shades. At

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