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66-699: Conference House (also known as Billop House ) is a stone house in the Tottenville neighborhood of Staten Island in New York City . Built by Captain Christopher Billopp some time before 1680, it is located in Conference House Park near Ward's Point , the southernmost tip of New York state, which became known as "Billop's Point" in the 18th century. The Staten Island Peace Conference , an unsuccessful attempt to find

132-707: A Loyalist military unit of the American Revolutionary War that specialized in cavalry tactics, close combat, irregular warfare, maneuver warfare, raiding, reconnaissance, screening, and tracking. Formed in 1776, they were named for Queen Charlotte . The Queen's Rangers was a light corps in the tradition of British rangers during the Seven Years' War , operating on the flanks and in advance of Crown forces, manning outposts, conducting patrol for screening, and carrying out raiding and reconnaissance operations. A low number of Black Loyalists served in

198-538: A college education or higher. The percentage of Tottenville and the South Shore students excelling in math rose from 48% in 2000 to 65% in 2011, though reading achievement declined from 55% to 52% during the same time period. Tottenville and the South Shore's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In Tottenville and the South Shore, 12% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year , less than

264-504: A considerable reputation, particularly in the campaigning in upstate New York around Fort Ticonderoga and Lake Champlain. They also launched a long-range raid to destroy Indian allies in the St. Lawrence valley, gained the first lodgement in the amphibious landings on Cape Breton to capture Louisbourg , and took the surrender of the French outposts in the upper Great Lakes after the war. When

330-683: A consortium of Bridgewater Capital and the Brooklyn-based Riseman family bought 30 acres (12 ha) of the Nassau Smelting property from Lucent Technologies . Their plans to rezone the property from Manufacturing (M) to residential (RX3) in order to develop residential housing units met with criticism and opposition from the community, because the soils were contaminated from the heavy metals that were recycled during Lucent Technologies tenure of operation. The future use of this property remains undetermined. For census purposes,

396-649: A part until 1898—and Philadelphia . These were both sites of temporary capitals of the new United States. The town was the site of a ferry that crossed the Arthur Kill to the Ferry Slip in Perth Amboy, New Jersey . The ferry became less important when the Outerbridge Crossing opened in 1928, but continued to operate until 1963. Two distinctive landmarks stand at the northern approaches to

462-632: A population density of 6.8 inhabitants per acre (4,400/sq mi; 1,700/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 84.4% (19,685) White , 2.6% (599) African American , 0.1% (13) Native American , 3.1% (720) Asian , 0% (5) Pacific Islander , 0.2% (39) from other races , and 0.9% (200) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.8% (2,052) of the population. The entirety of Community District 3, which comprises Tottenville and other South Shore neighborhoods, had 159,132 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 81.3 years. This

528-603: A swift negotiated end to the American Revolutionary War , was hosted there by his heir and grandson, Colonel Christopher Billop , on September 11, 1776. The house, a National and New York City Landmark, is located at Conference House Park overlooking Raritan Bay . The house is also located within the Ward's Point Conservation Area , separately added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Captain Christopher Billopp , after years of distinguished service in

594-524: A visit to Tottenville on March 22, and the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission made the designation official on April 12. After years of being uninhabited and in disrepair, the home was restored in 2017. In March 2008, over 20 blocks in the northern section of the neighborhood were changed to one-way streets. This was intended to improve traffic management on the older, narrower blocks. In 2016,

660-747: Is 10307 (formerly "Staten Island 7, New York"). Tottenville is patrolled by the 123rd Precinct of the New York City Police Department . Tottenville has been represented in the New York State Senate by Andrew Lanza since 2007. It is represented in the New York State Assembly by Michael Reilly . The Raritan band of the Unami Indians , a branch of the Lenape or Delaware nation, were

726-491: Is 42% in Tottenville and the South Shore, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 49% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Tottenville and the South Shore are considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . The neighborhood is composed mostly of upper-middle-class families, and it has the highest proportion of Roman Catholics than any other neighborhood on

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792-636: Is a New York City designated landmark . The Tottenville station has been the southern terminus of the Staten Island Railway since the railway was extended to the neighborhood on June 2, 1860. Today, the neighborhood of Tottenville contains the two southernmost stations along the line: Tottenville station (the southernmost railway station in New York state), and Arthur Kill station . Before Arthur Kill opened on January 21, 2017, there were two other stations which were Atlantic (named after

858-485: Is about the same as the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 21% are between the ages of between 0–17, 26% between 25 and 44, and 29% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 8% and 16% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 3 was $ 96,796, though

924-655: Is located exclusively within the ZIP Code 10307. The United States Postal Service operates one post office in Tottenville, located at 228 Main Street. Tottenville and the South Shore generally have a similar rate of college-educated residents to the rest of the city as of 2018 . While 41% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 8% have less than a high school education and 51% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Staten Island residents and 43% of city residents have

990-581: Is served by the New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Co. 151/Ladder Co. 76, located at 7219 Amboy Road. As of 2018 , preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Tottenville and the South Shore than in other places citywide. In Tottenville and the South Shore, there were 77 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 3.6 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Tottenville and

1056-606: Is served by the S59 and S78 local buses. Express bus service to and from Manhattan is provided by the SIM2 , SIM25 and SIM26 . Though no highways pass through the neighborhood, NY Route 440 and Korean War Veterans Parkway (formerly known as Richmond Parkway) are located nearby. Queen%27s Rangers Rebellions of 1837–1838 The Queen's Rangers , also known as the Queen's American Rangers , and later Simcoe's Rangers , were

1122-591: Is the largest pre-European site in New York City. Legend holds that sovereignty of Staten Island was determined by Capt. Billopp's skill in circling it in one day, earning it for New York rather than to New Jersey. This has since been disproven and is in fact a myth. In 1677, the fortunes of colonial service took Capt. Billopp to New Castle on the Delaware River , where he commanded the local garrison. Upon appointment of Thomas Dongan as governor of

1188-676: The Continental Congress in what is known today as the Staten Island Peace Conference . Benjamin Franklin , John Adams , and Edward Rutledge rowed over from patriot-held Perth Amboy , New Jersey. The meeting lasted for three hours and ended with the Americans politely declining the diplomatically handcuffed Howe's offer, leading to another seven years of conflict. Conference House is situated on

1254-756: The New York City Council by Joe Borelli , in the New York State Senate by Andrew Lanza , and in the New York State Assembly by Michael Reilly . Tottenville is located within Staten Island Community District 3 . The Stadium Theatre, a 1,037-seat movie theater, was located in Tottenville from 1927 to 1957. In January 1969 it re-opened as the New Stadium Theatre and was a rock-music venue hosting bands such as The Brooklyn Bridge . By

1320-570: The Old Church of St. Joachim and St. Anne was restored after a fire and is now used as a home for children. During an early period of industrialization, many small factories once dotted the neighborhood's western shoreline, but jobs have shifted and most are no longer in operation. Boat construction also once flourished along the shoreline, but the industry was rendered obsolete in 1900 when ships and commercial boats began being constructed of steel rather than wood. During World War I , shipbuilding

1386-514: The Royal Navy , came to America in 1674. He was granted a land patent on 932 acres (3.7 km) on the southernmost tip of Staten Island. Archaeological evidence, including shell middens and digs conducted by The American Museum of Natural History in 1895, have shown that the Raritan band of the Lenape camped in the area and used the location as a burial ground. Known as Burial Ridge , it

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1452-464: The 1970s it had become the site of a roller rink . It is currently closed and plans have not been made to reopen the theater. Tottenville and the South Shore are patrolled by the 123rd Precinct of the NYPD , located at 116 Main Street. The 123rd Precinct ranked safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. As of 2018 , with a non-fatal assault rate of 25 per 100,000 people, Tottenville and

1518-825: The American Revolutionary War broke out in 1775, about fifty Loyalist regiments were raised, including the Butler's Rangers , the King's Royal Regiment , and the Maryland and Pennsylvania Loyalists. Robert Rogers again raised a unit, this time in New York (mostly from Loyalists living in Westchester and Long Island ), from western Connecticut, and with men from the Queen's Loyal Virginia Regiment. The new unit

1584-465: The Billops went to Canada. One hundred years after the conference the house was used as a hotel, and a rat poison factory, before subsequently being abandoned and vandalized. In 1901 Assemblyman Van Name of Richmond County, New York , introduced a bill to acquire the house and mark it for historic preservation. However, the house was not immediately recognized for preservation. The city finally acquired

1650-554: The New World. At first, French-Canadian habitants and their Indian allies were quite effective in employing guerrilla tactics against the British regulars. To counter the French tactics, Robert Rogers raised companies of New England frontiersmen for the British and trained them in woodcraft, scouting, and irregular warfare, sending them on raids along the frontiers of New France as Rogers' Rangers . The Rangers soon gained

1716-406: The New York City government classifies Tottenville as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called Charleston-Richmond Valley-Tottenville. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Charleston-Richmond Valley-Tottenville was 23,313, a change of 4,981 (21.4%) from the 18,332 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 3,432.93 acres (1,389.26 ha), the neighborhood had

1782-666: The Preservation League of Staten Island Award: 88 Bentley Street, 24 Brighton Street, 213 Wood Avenue, 115 Bentley Street, 7647 Amboy Road, 7639 Amboy Road, and the Tottenville Branch of the New York Public Library . 88 Bentley Street has been photographed as an example of Staten Island's carefully restored Victorian homes in New York City - The Five Boroughs: A Photographic Tour (1997) by Carol M. Highsmith and Ted Landphair . In addition,

1848-498: The Queen's Rangers, such as the trumpeter Barnard E. Griffiths. After the war, the Rangers were removed to the British colony of Nova Scotia and disbanded. On September 1, 1791, the regiment was re-formed as the Queen's Rangers under Colonel Commandant John Graves Simcoe. The origins of the Queen's Rangers began in the Seven Years' War ( French and Indian War ), during which France and Great Britain fought for territories in

1914-430: The South Shore have a low population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 4%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in Tottenville and the South Shore is 0.0066 milligrams per cubic metre (6.6 × 10  oz/cu ft), less than

1980-520: The South Shore's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 193 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole. The 123rd Precinct has a substantially lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 70.5% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported two murders, three rapes, 22 robberies, 53 felony assaults, 42 burglaries, 271 grand larcenies, and 126 grand larcenies auto in 2022. Tottenville

2046-502: The area was named is most popular for fishing, rather than swimming or sunbathing. During the first half of the 20th century, several hotels dotted the shoreline, including the Shore House Hotel. The Coral Bay Cafe restaurant operated there but was destroyed by Hurricane Sandy . Many large, stately homes built in Tottenville in the 19th century remain standing. But in the early 21st century, land developers have been buying up

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2112-473: The city approved oyster harvesting again. Until the late 1950s, Tottenville 8 was one of the two telephone exchanges on the island with operators. The other was Honeywood 6. When dial service arrived, they were combined to become YUkon 4. During the 1990s, the section of Tottenville southeast of Hylan Boulevard , until then nearly uninhabited, was an area of intense levels of new home construction. The district's population density and crime rate still rank among

2178-413: The city average. Seventeen percent of Tottenville and the South Shore residents are smokers , which is more than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Tottenville and the South Shore, 26% of residents are obese , 9% are diabetic , and 22% have high blood pressure —compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 17% of children are obese, compared to

2244-521: The city park of the same name. The Billop family, who developed the estate in 1678, continued to own it and the surrounding property during the 1776 meeting. Because they were Loyalists during the war, their land was confiscated in 1784. Tottenville has a strong Victorian architecture heritage, akin to neighborhoods on Staten Island's North Shore . This is unique to this South Shore neighborhood. The other South Shore areas were developed much later. Seven buildings in Tottenville have been honored with

2310-453: The citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 89% of high school students in Tottenville and the South Shore graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%. Tottenville High School , a public school, was originally located in the neighborhood, but a new campus was opened approximately three miles to the north, in the neighborhood of Huguenot , in 1971 ( Totten Intermediate School 34 or I.S. 34, an intermediate school , now occupies

2376-530: The citywide average of 20%. Ninety-five percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is more than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 88% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", more than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Tottenville and the South Shore, there are 4 bodegas . The nearest major hospital is Staten Island University Hospital South Campus in Prince's Bay. Tottenville

2442-518: The colony of New York, he returned to Staten Island and became active in the local government. He was further rewarded by another patent, expanding his Staten Island property to 1,600 acres (6.4 km). It is difficult to ascertain exactly when his manor house was built, but one surviving map shows that a building existed on the site of the Conference House before 1680. The house was passed down to his great grandson Christopher Billop , who

2508-559: The core of the defence forces. The leaders were mostly veterans of the American War of Independence. Although there was little military action during this period, the Rangers were instrumental in building Upper Canada through Simcoe's road building campaign. In 1795–6 they blazed the trail for Yonge Street , and then turned to Dundas Street and Kingston Road . They also built the original Fort York , where they were stationed. The Queen's Rangers were again disbanded in 1802 with most of

2574-472: The defunct Atlantic Terra Cotta Company factory nearby) and Nassau (referring to Nassau Smelting and Refining, the original name of the factory later taken over by Lucent Technologies), which closed on the same day that Arthur Kill was opened, as Arthur Kill replaced both of them. Atlantic and Nassau stations are now closed and demolished. The 14-mile trip to the St. George Terminal takes 42 minutes. Tottenville

2640-475: The evening to Billop's Point. After the cessation of hostilities and British withdrawal from the former colonies the house was confiscated by the state of New York with no recompense to the Billop family. However, many who suffered confiscation, particularly those who were regarded as most notorious by the rebels, later received some form of compensation from the British government. After the revolution, most of

2706-547: The first floor to the basement, painting the facade, and restoring the old well. The second floor was then restored, and a floor in the attic was created. The project was completed in 1937, and the house was dedicated on May 15, 1937. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1966. "September 11th, 1776 - America's First Attempt at Peace" Authors Ernest and Gregory Schimizzi, Albany, 1976, New York State Bicentennial Commission, http://wvvh.com/images/Sept_11_1776.pdf Tottenville, Staten Island The settlement

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2772-633: The house in 1926, at which point it was in danger of being razed. Conference House Park was created the same year. A nonprofit organization, the Conference House Association, was formed; in 1929, the Municipal Assembly of the City of New York placed the house under the association's aegis. The association subsequently restored the house in a series of small projects, which included building a new roof as well as stairs from

2838-469: The island (94% Roman Catholic). In the mid-2000s the first Mexican immigrants settled here. There have also been a growing number of Coptic Orthodox Christians from Egypt; as of 2012, the Virgin St. Mary and St. George Coptic Orthodox Church in Tottenville is one of two Coptic parishes on Staten Island. Tottenville's white Population is 60% ethnic Italian as of 2012. The neighborhood is represented in

2904-503: The locally prominent Totten family. Their names appear on tombstones in the cemetery of Bethel Methodist Church. Several Totten family members were Loyalists during the American Revolution and served under Captain Christopher Billopp . During the colonial period and for a significant time thereafter, Tottenville was an important waypoint for travelers between New York City—of which Staten Island did not formally become

2970-568: The lowest in New York City. Until the 2000s, commercial development had largely been restricted to the Main Street corridor in the heart of the neighborhood. A second commercial core began to emerge at the north end of the community along Page Avenue and west of Amboy Road at this time. Further expansion on the neighborhood's north end was seen in 2005 with the redevelopment of the old Nassau Smelting plant. Site clean up began in October 2006, and

3036-471: The median income in Tottenville individually was $ 81,478. In 2018, an estimated 11% of Tottenville and the South Shore residents lived in poverty, compared to 17% in all of Staten Island and 20% in all of New York City. One in sixteen residents (6%) were unemployed, compared to 6% in Staten Island and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent,

3102-738: The men joining the York Militia . During the War of 1812, many of the disbanded rangers saw active service with the Upper Canadian militia . During the Rebellions of 1837 , Samuel Peters Jarvis raised a new Queen's Rangers out of the York Militia to fight the rebels, which again disbanded soon after being raised. A Canadian Army Reserve Regiment called The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC) traces its roots to

3168-471: The mouth of which lies immediately to the south of Arthur Kill's entry to the bay (which is also sometimes reckoned as being part of the Atlantic Ocean ). The Conference House was built by Christopher Billop and so named because it was the site of negotiations to end the American Revolutionary War in 1776, but these were unsuccessful. The historic residence has been preserved as the centerpiece of

3234-500: The neighborhood: the Bethel United Methodist Church , erected in 1840 and rebuilt on the same site in 1886 after a fire destroyed the original structure. Secondly, a now abandoned factory was built in 1900 as Nassau Smelting's plant. It was later used for recycling by Lucent Technologies and closed in 2001. Tottenville is bounded on the west and south by the Arthur Kill , and on the east by Raritan Bay ,

3300-569: The original Rogers' Rangers . In 2012 the Rangers were assigned the perpetuation of three War of 1812 units and received battle honours accordingly. An Ontario historical plaque was erected in Yorktown, Virginia , by the province to commemorate the Queen's Rangers' role in Ontario's heritage. An elementary school in Copetown, Ontario was named after the Queen's Rangers in 1958. This school

3366-633: The original high school building). One of the area's oldest buildings is the old building of P.S.1 (the Tottenville School), dating from 1878, and is unique for its traditional sloped roof. Today it is still in operation, now served by a second, newer building as well, built in 1929. In 2000, a new elementary school, P.S.6 (the Corporal Allan F. Kivlehan School), was opened to serve eastern Tottenville's growing population, as well as other neighboring areas. Tottenville's local Catholic school

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3432-569: The original inhabitants of all Staten Island, including Tottenville. The largest pre-European burial ground, known as Burial Ridge , is located in what is now Conference House Park . The village was originally named Bentley Manor by one of its first settlers, Captain Christopher Billop (1638–1726), after a small ship he owned named the Bentley . In 1869 the district was renamed as Tottenville , apparently in honor of John Totten and

3498-462: The property on which several of these houses have stood, with the intention of demolishing them and constructing townhouses on the property. The fate of 7484 Amboy Road, built circa 1870 as the parsonage of Bethel Methodist Church and contained an extremely large backyard, became the focus of an intense local controversy in March 2005. The community opposed plans by builder John Grossi, who had purchased

3564-417: The property, to raze the house and construct five townhouse units on the site. On March 17 Grossi spray-painted graffiti on the house, including a threat to fill it with low-income tenants under the federal Section 8 housing program. The public outcry prompted New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg to have the home declared a landmark, and prevented its demolition. Bloomberg announced his decision during

3630-529: The southernmost point of New York State, at what was originally known as "Billop's Point", today's Ward's Point . It was from this site, where the mouth of Arthur Kill juts out into Raritan Bay , that a raid on October 25, 1779, known as "Simcoe's Raid", was conducted upon patriot-held New Jersey by John Graves Simcoe , leader of the Tory unit the Queen's Rangers . In A History Of The Operations Of A Partisan Corps Called The Queen's Rangers , which he wrote after

3696-511: The unit on January 29, 1777. The regiment had suffered serious losses in the Battle of Mamaroneck , a surprise attack on their outpost position at Mamaroneck, New York, on October 22, 1776. Eleven months later, on September 11, 1777, they distinguished themselves at the Battle of Brandywine , suffering many casualties while attacking entrenched American positions. They were then commanded by Major James Wemyss. On October 15, 1777, John Graves Simcoe

3762-477: The war, he mentions: The batteaux, and boats, which were appointed to be at Billop's-point, so as to pass the whole over by twelve o'clock at night, did not arrive till three o'clock in the morning. Billop's point is mentioned in the journal of Major André: Oct. 25 The Regiments at Amboy received Orders to strike their tents and send them with their baggage to the water's side. Those at Staten Island had orders to leave theirs standing, and repair by 8 o'clock in

3828-485: Was Our Lady Help of Christians School, which was run under Our Lady Help of Christians Parish . The school dates back to 1904. It was announced in February, 2019 that this school would close at the end of the 2018–2019 school year. The New York Public Library (NYPL)'s Tottenville branch is located at 7430 Amboy Road. The one-story Carnegie library building was designed by Carrère and Hastings and opened in 1904. It

3894-522: Was captured but freed in a prisoner exchange on December 31, 1779; at Charlestown, South Carolina (1780); in the raid on Richmond, Virginia with Benedict Arnold and in other raids in Virginia (1780–1). The unit surrendered at Yorktown, its rank and file imprisoned at Winchester, Virginia. Earlier, on May 2, 1779, the regiment was taken into the American establishment as the 1st American Regiment and

3960-549: Was commissioned a colonel and led Loyalist forces against the Colonials in the American Revolution . On September 11, 1776, British loyalist Colonel Christopher Billop , commander of a Tory regiment in the conflict, hosted an informal diplomatic conference aimed at finding an early end to the nascent American Revolution . Lord Howe , commander in chief of British forces in America, arranged to meet with representatives of

4026-690: Was given command, when the unit became known informally as "Simcoe's Rangers". John Graves Simcoe turned the Queen's Rangers into one of the most successful British regiments in the war. They provided escort and patrol duty around Philadelphia (1777–8); fought in the Philadelphia Campaign ; served as rearguard during the British retreat to New York (1778); fought the Stockbridge Militia in The Bronx (1778); fought on October 26, 1779, at Perth Amboy, New Jersey , where Simcoe

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4092-418: Was later, on December 25, 1782, taken into the British establishment. In 1783, when the war was ended by the Treaty of Paris , the Queen's Rangers left New York for Nova Scotia, where it was disbanded. Many of the men from the unit formed Queensbury, New Brunswick on land grants. After 1791, when Simcoe was named lieutenant governor of the newly created Upper Canada , the Queen's Rangers was revived to form

4158-407: Was named in honour of Queen Charlotte . It first assembled on Staten Island in August 1776 and grew to 937 officers and men, organized into eleven companies of about thirty men each, and an additional five troops of cavalry . The unit immediately set about building fortresses and redoubts, including the one that stood at Lookout Place . Rogers did not prove successful in this command and he left

4224-424: Was originally named Bentley Manor by one of its first settlers, Captain Christopher Billop (1638–1726), a member of the Royal Navy, after his own ship. In 1869 it was renamed as Tottenville after John Totten and his prominent local family of that name, some of whom served as Loyalists under Billop during the American Revolutionary War . Tottenville is part of Staten Island Community District 3 and its ZIP Code

4290-427: Was revived here, but that proved temporary. Tottenville's last shipyard closed in 1930. Harvesting oysters from surrounding waters was important to the economy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. But this practice ceased in 1916 when the New York City Health Department determined that pollution made it unsafe. After the decrease in waterfront industries and decades of working to improve water quality, in 2005,

4356-445: Was scheduled to be finished within a year. The site had suffered chemical contamination, as it was principally used to recycle copper and other metals from old wires. Mill Creek, which runs through the site, was also scheduled to be cleaned as part of the project. Tottenville Beach was largely undeveloped until the 1990s. It is exclusively residential, and is bordered on the south and west by Conference House Park. The beach for which

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