Misplaced Pages

#903096

47-457: Conyers Farm was established by Bankers Trust President Edmund C. Converse in 1904. It was named after the Old English spelling of Converse's name. To acquire the land for Conyers Farm, Converse purchased and consolidated 20 farms. Initially, he was the sole owner of the property, which consisted of a main house and several other buildings that served as quarters for 200 workers that maintained

94-414: A $ 79.0 billion budget deficit (and a national debt of $ 907.7 billion as of September 30, 1980), ending during the period of David Stockman's and Ronald Reagan's first year in office, on October 1, 1981. The gross federal national debt had just increased to $ 1.0 trillion during October 1981 ($ 998 billion on September 30, 1981, up from $ 907.7 billion during the last full fiscal year of

141-471: A 40-foot clock tower, several greenhouses and one of the grandest music rooms in the United States, which included a pipe organ valued at $ 50,000. Conyers Lake ran through the property and water flowed into two water towers, which had capacities of 22,500 gallons and 35,000 gallons. The farm was unoccupied from Converse's death in 1921 to 1936. Converse was the first president of Bankers Trust, and

188-552: A landowner can alter the drainage from their parcel. Drainage options for the construction industry include: The surface opening of channel drainage usually comes in the form of gratings (polymer, plastic, steel or iron) or a single slot (slot drain) that run along the ground surface (typically manufactured from steel or iron). Earth retaining structures such as retaining walls also need to have groundwater drainage considered during their construction. Typical retaining walls are constructed of impermeable material, which can block

235-560: A memoir of his experience in the Reagan Administration titled The Triumph of Politics: Why the Reagan Revolution Failed in which he specifically criticized the failure of congressional Republicans to endorse a reduction of government spending to offset large tax decreases to avoid the creation of large deficits and an increasing national debt. President Jimmy Carter's last fiscal year budget ended with

282-723: A partner of the New York–based private equity company, the Blackstone Group . His record was mixed at Blackstone, with some very good investments, such as American Axle, but also failures, including Haynes International and Republic Technologies. During 1999, after Blackstone CEO Stephen A. Schwarzman curtailed Stockman's role in managing the investments he had developed, Stockman resigned from Blackstone to start his own private equity fund company, Heartland Industrial Partners , L.P., based in Greenwich , Connecticut. On

329-490: A personal financial loss, over $ 13 million, along with losses suffered by as many as 15,000 Collins & Aikman employees worldwide. Stockman said in a statement posted on his law firm's website that the company's end was the consequence of an industry decline, not due to fraud. On January 9, 2009, the US Attorney's Office announced that it would discontinue prosecution of Stockman for this case. Stockman lives in

376-412: A pilot program called Street Edge Alternatives Project. The project focuses on designing a system "to provide drainage that more closely mimics the natural landscape prior to development than traditional piped systems". The streets are characterized by ditches along the side of the roadway, with plantings designed throughout the area. An emphasis on non-curbed sidewalks allows water to flow more freely into

423-593: Is an American politician and former businessman who was a Republican U.S. Representative from the state of Michigan (1977–1981) and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (1981–1985) under President Ronald Reagan . Stockman was born in Fort Hood, Texas , the son of Allen Stockman, a fruit farmer, and Carol (née Bartz). He is of German descent, and his family's surname was originally "Stockmann". He

470-422: Is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area with excess water. The internal drainage of most agricultural soils can prevent severe waterlogging (anaerobic conditions that harm root growth), but many soils need artificial drainage to improve production or to manage water supplies. The Indus Valley Civilization had sewerage and drainage systems. All houses in

517-599: Is then folded over the top of the stone and the trench is then covered by soil. Groundwater seeps through the geotextile and flows through the stone to an outfell. In high groundwater conditions a perforated plastic ( PVC or PE ) pipe is laid along the base of the drain to increase the volume of water transported in the drain. Alternatively, a prefabricated plastic drainage system made of HDPE , often incorporating geotextile, coco fiber or rag filters can be considered. The use of these materials has become increasingly more common due to their ease of use, since they eliminate

SECTION 10

#1732801478904

564-531: The Netherlands . The area between Amsterdam , Haarlem and Leiden was, in prehistoric times, swampland and small lakes. Turf cutting ( peat mining ), subsidence and shoreline erosion gradually caused the formation of one large lake, the Haarlemmermeer , or lake of Haarlem. The invention of wind-powered pumping engines in the 15th century permitted some of the marginal land drainage. Still,

611-678: The Upper East Side of Manhattan . He is married to Jennifer Blei Stockman and is the father of two children, Rachel and Victoria. Jennifer Blei Stockman is a chairwoman emerita of the Republican Majority for Choice , and president of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation Board of Trustees. In 2013, Stockman signed an amicus brief to the Supreme Court in favor of same-sex marriage . In 2018, Stockman criticized

658-406: The flatwoods citrus -growing region of Florida , United States. After periods of high rainfall, drainage pumps are employed to prevent damage to the citrus groves from overly wet soils. Rice production requires complete water control, as fields must be flooded or drained at different stages of the crop cycle. The Netherlands has also led the way in this type of drainage by draining lowlands along

705-787: The $ 340 million of equity it had invested in the business. During August 2003, Stockman became CEO of Collins & Aikman Corporation , a Detroit-based manufacturer of automotive interior components. He was ousted from that job days before Collins & Aikman filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 on May 17, 2005. On March 26, 2007, federal prosecutors in Manhattan indicted Stockman in "a scheme... to defraud [Collins & Aikman]'s investors, banks and creditors by manipulating C&A's reported revenues and earnings." The United States Securities and Exchange Commission also brought civil charges against Stockman related to actions that he performed while CEO of Collins & Aikman. Stockman suffered

752-642: The 1980s, tennis players Ivan Lendl and Wojciech Fibak each purchased land there. Other celebrities who have owned property on Conyers Farm include pro-wrestling mogul Vince McMahon , former Administrator of the Small Business Administration Linda McMahon , actress Jessica Biel , actor Tom Cruise , basketball player Allan Houston , politician David Stockman and newscaster Paula Zahn . 41°08′10″N 73°38′46″W  /  41.136°N 73.646°W  / 41.136; -73.646 Drainage Drainage

799-626: The Carter administration). By September 30, 1985, four and a half years into the Reagan administration and shortly after Stockman's resignation from the OMB during August 1985, the gross federal debt was $ 1.8 trillion. Stockman's OMB work within the administration during 1981 until August 1985 was dedicated to negotiating with the Senate and House about the next fiscal year's budget, executed later during

846-729: The Conyers Farm home of film director Ron Howard was one of three houses in Greenwich listed on the market at prices above $ 25 million. Howard's family came to Greenwich in the 1980s, moving into their 32-acre (13 ha) Conyers Farm home several years later. While the Howard family has spent holidays at Conyers Farm in recent years, they have spent more and more time in California. In addition to Howard's family, several notable people have lived on or owned property on Conyers Farm. In

893-412: The areas of permeable surface on the side of the streets. Because of the plantings, the run off water from the urban area does not all directly go into the ground, but can also be absorbed into the surrounding environment. Monitoring conducted by Seattle Public Utilities reports a 99 percent reduction of storm water leaving the drainage project. Drainage has undergone a large-scale environmental review in

940-511: The autumn of 1985, which resulted in the national debt becoming $ 2.1 trillion at fiscal year end September 30, 1986. In 1981, Stockman received the Samuel S. Beard Award for Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards . After leaving government, Stockman joined the Wall St. investment bank Salomon Brothers and later became

987-428: The construction process, they set out all the necessary levels for roads , street gutters , drainage, culverts and sewers involved in construction operations. Civil engineers and construction managers work alongside architects and supervisors, planners, quantity surveyors , and the general workforce, as well as subcontractors. Typically, most jurisdictions have some body of drainage law to govern to what degree

SECTION 20

#1732801478904

1034-495: The doctrine of supply-side economics , he assisted in the passing of the "Reagan Budget" (the Gramm-Latta Budget ), which Stockman hoped would curtail the " welfare state ". He thus gained a reputation as a tough negotiator with House Speaker Tip O'Neill 's Democratic-controlled House of Representatives and Majority Leader Howard Baker 's Republican-controlled Senate . During this period, Stockman became well known to

1081-406: The drain. Geotextiles are synthetic textile fabrics specially manufactured for civil and environmental engineering applications. Geotextiles are designed to retain fine soil particles while allowing water to pass through. In a typical drainage system, they would be laid along a trench which would then be filled with coarse granular material : gravel , sea shells , stone or rock . The geotextile

1128-402: The drainage system. Drainage in planters refers to the implementation of effective drainage systems specifically designed for plant containers or pots. Proper drainage is crucial in planters to prevent waterlogging and promote healthy plant growth. Planter Drainage involves the incorporation of drainage holes, drainage layers, or specialized drainage systems to ensure excess water can escape from

1175-420: The farm. When Conyers Farm was established, the land required a great deal of work. Ditches had to be inserted and loose stones and boulders covered the soil. Much of the land had not been cultivated in a generation. A layer of dry, hard matter sat a few inches below the topsoil, necessitating the installation of subsurface drainage . A 1908 issue of American Homes and Gardens said that while apple orchards on

1222-399: The final drainage of the lake had to await the design of large steam-powered pumps and agreements between regional authorities. The lake was eliminated between 1849 and 1852, creating thousands of km of new land. Coastal plains and river deltas may have seasonally or permanently high water tables and must have drainage improvements if they are to be used for agriculture. An example is

1269-524: The group took over ownership of the farm for several years. A new owner purchased Conyers Farm in 1927 and planned to renovate it, but the Great Depression set in and the renovations never took place. Lewis Rosenstiel , a liquor magnate, purchased the land in 1936. He attempted to change zoning rules for the property so that 83 acres (34 ha) of it could be divided into 0.25-acre (0.10 ha) parcels. He also wanted to erect office buildings on

1316-599: The land until replacements can be established. In each of these cases, appropriate drainage carries off temporary flushes of water to prevent damage to annual or perennial crops. Drier areas are often farmed by irrigation , and one would not consider drainage necessary. However, irrigation water always contains minerals and salts , which can be concentrated to toxic levels by evapotranspiration . Irrigated land may need periodic flushes with excessive irrigation water and drainage to control soil salinity . David Stockman David Alan Stockman (born November 10, 1946)

1363-501: The land. After a legal battle, Rosenstiel decided to leave the land mostly untouched. In 1980, businessman Peter M. Brant purchased Conyers Farm for $ 18 million. At the time, it represented one of the largest plots of undeveloped land near a large city. A devoted polo player, Brant said that he hoped to develop a community of people who were polo enthusiasts. The land at Conyers Farm was sold in lots of at least 10 acres (4.0 ha) each. There were 95 lots for sale. By 1986, about half of

1410-527: The largest in Greenwich, depending on how it would have been measured. The site's owner requested a permit to build the house, which is required for any home over 15,000 square feet (1,400 m). The man dropped the request amid public criticism of the projected size of the home. President Barack Obama attended a dinner in 2010 at a home on Conyers Farm which raised $ 1 million for the Democratic National Committee . As of May 2014,

1457-421: The lots were sold and the remaining ones were priced between $ 800,000 and $ 1.5 million. In 2004, an 80-acre (32 ha) property on Conyers Farm sold for $ 45 million. By 2006, the size of a planned home in Conyers Farm had generated public debate. A hedge fund manager purchased 11 acres (4.5 ha) in the community and planned a home with a 39,000-square-foot (3,600 m) main house. The home could have become

Conyers Farm - Misplaced Pages Continue

1504-420: The major cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro had access to water and drainage facilities. Waste water was directed to covered gravity sewers , which lined the major streets. The invention of hollow-pipe drainage is credited to Sir Hugh Dalrymple, who died in 1753. New storm water drainage systems incorporate geotextile filters that retain and prevent fine grains of soil from passing into and clogging

1551-414: The need for further pipework systems to be installed in parallel to the drainage, reducing the environmental impact of production as well as improving water collection. Stainless steel , concrete channel, PVC and HDPE are all materials available for slot drainage which have become industry standards on construction projects. The civil engineer is responsible for drainage in construction projects. During

1598-461: The need for transporting and laying stone drainage aggregate, which is invariably more expensive than a synthetic drain and concrete liners. Over the past 30 years, geotextile, PVC filters, and HDPE filters have become the most commonly used soil filter media. They are cheap to produce and easy to lay, with factory controlled properties that ensure long term filtration performance even in fine silty soil conditions. Seattle's Public Utilities created

1645-564: The path of groundwater. When groundwater flow is obstructed, hydrostatic water pressure buildups against the wall and may cause significant damage. If the water pressure is not drained appropriately, retaining walls can bow, move, and fracture, causing seams to separate. The water pressure can also erode soil particles, leading to voids behind the wall and sinkholes in the above soil. Traditional retaining wall drainage systems can include French drains , drain pipes or weep holes . To prevent soil erosion, geotextile filter fabrics are installed with

1692-762: The planter. This helps to prevent root rot , water accumulation, and other issues that can negatively impact plant health. By providing adequate drainage in planters, it supports optimal plant growth and contributes to the overall success of gardening or landscaping projects. Drainage options for the planter include: Wetland soils may need drainage to be used for agriculture . In the northern United States and Europe, glaciation created numerous small lakes , which gradually filled with humus to make marshes . Some of these were drained using open ditches and trenches to make mucklands , which are primarily used for high-value crops such as vegetables . The world's largest project of this type has been in process for centuries in

1739-424: The property initially seemed lost, they had been restored to pristine condition. By that time, Conyers Farm also housed one of Converse's daughters and his brother's widow. The farm flourished and became a source of food and employment for Greenwich residents. Eggs, butter and milk were produced, and cows, pigs and poultry were raised there. In addition to its manor house, Conyers Farm had a large stone storage barn,

1786-542: The public during the contentious political wrangling concerning the role of the federal government in American society. Stockman's influence within the Reagan Administration was weakened after the Atlantic Monthly magazine published the infamous 18,246-word article, "The Education of David Stockman", in its December 1981 issue, based on lengthy interviews Stockman gave to reporter William Greider . Stockman

1833-540: The recent past in the United Kingdom. Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are designed to encourage contractors to install drainage system that more closely mimic the natural flow of water in nature. Since 2010 local and neighbourhood planning in the UK is required by law to factor SUDS into any development projects that they are responsible for. Slot drainage is a channel drainage system designed to eliminate

1880-410: The roots eliminates air movement through the soil. Other soils may have an impervious layer of mineralized soil, called a hardpan , or relatively impervious rock layers may underlie shallow soils. Drainage is especially important in tree fruit production. Soils that are otherwise excellent may be waterlogged for a week of the year, which is sufficient to kill fruit trees and cost the productivity of

1927-404: The shore and pushing back the sea until the original nation has been greatly enlarged. In moist climates, soils may be adequate for cropping with the exception that they become waterlogged for brief periods each year, from snow melt or from heavy rains . Soils that are predominantly clay will pass water very slowly downward. Meanwhile, plant roots suffocate because the excessive water around

Conyers Farm - Misplaced Pages Continue

1974-890: The strength of his investment record at Blackstone, Stockman and his partners raised $ 1.3 billion of equity from institutional and other investors. With Stockman's guidance, Heartland used a contrarian investment strategy, buying controlling interests in companies operating in sectors of the U.S. economy that were attracting the least amount of new equity: auto parts and textiles. With the help of about $ 9 billion in Wall Street debt financing, Heartland completed more than 20 transactions in less than 2 years to create four portfolio companies: Springs Industries , Metaldyne , Collins & Aikman , and TriMas. Several major investments performed very poorly, however. Collins & Aikman filed for bankruptcy during 2005 and when Heartland sold Metaldyne to Asahi Tec Corp. during 2006, Heartland lost most of

2021-468: The university after 1969. He served as special assistant to United States Representative and 1980 U.S. presidential candidate John Anderson of Illinois , 1970–1972, and was executive director, United States House of Representatives Republican Conference , 1972–1975. In 1976, Stockman was elected from Michigan's 4th congressional district to the House of Representatives for the 95th Congress . He

2068-404: Was quoted as referring to Reagan's tax act in these terms: "I mean, Kemp-Roth [Reagan's 1981 tax cut] was always a Trojan horse to bring down the top rate.... It's kind of hard to sell 'trickle down.' So the supply-side formula was the only way to get a tax policy that was really 'trickle down.' Supply-side is 'trickle-down' theory." Of the budget process during his first year on the job, Stockman

2115-424: Was quoted as saying, "None of us really understands what's going on with all these numbers," which was used as the subtitle of the article. After "being taken to the woodshed by the president" because of his candor with Greider, Stockman became concerned with the projected trend of increasingly large federal deficits and the rapidly expanding national debt . On August 1, 1985, he resigned from OMB and later wrote

2162-622: Was raised in a conservative family in St. Joseph, Michigan ; his maternal grandfather, William Bartz, was a Republican treasurer of Berrien County, Michigan for 30 years. Stockman was educated at public schools in Stevensville, Michigan . He graduated from Lakeshore High School in 1964 and received a BA in History from Michigan State University in 1968 . He was a graduate theology student at Harvard University from 1968 until he left

2209-519: Was reelected in the two subsequent elections. In total, he served in the House from January 3, 1977, until his resignation on January 21, 1981, to accept appointment as Director of the Office of Management and Budget for President Ronald Reagan . Stockman was one of the most controversial OMB directors ever appointed, also known as the "Father of Reaganomics ." He resigned in August 1985. Committed to

#903096