The Copenhagen Institute is a Danish free market think tank . It was founded in 2003 hosting a conference on tax competition . It has a clear libertarian leaning.
54-542: The Copenhagen Institute was originally called MarkedsCentret , but changed its name in 2005. The think tank works on policy areas such as: Tax & Welfare, Health Care & Food, Competition & Regulation and Environment & Technology. The think tank was founded by Chresten Anderson, who previously worked for the Cato Institute in Washington DC. This article about an economics organization
108-641: A non-interventionist foreign policy. According to the 2019 Global Go to Think Tank Index Report (revised June 2020, Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program , University of Pennsylvania ), Cato was number 20 in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 13 in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States". The institute was founded in January 1977 in San Francisco , California; named at the suggestion of cofounder Rothbard after Cato's Letters ,
162-487: A constitutional right to same-sex marriage. Cato does not formally oppose capital punishment ; however, they have frequently criticized the practice. Cato scholars have written about the issues of the environment, including global warming, environmental regulation, and energy policy. According to social scientists Riley Dunlap and Aaron McCright the Cato Institute is one of the "particularly crucial elements of
216-642: A limited governmental role in domestic and foreign affairs and strong protection of civil liberties , including support for lowering or abolishing most taxes, opposition to the Federal Reserve system and the Affordable Care Act , the privatization of numerous government agencies and programs including Social Security and the United States Postal Service , demilitarization of the police, open borders and adhering to
270-1105: A number of foundations, including the Sarah Scaife Foundation , the John Templeton Foundation , the F.M. Kirby Foundation, the Marcus Foundation , the John William Pope Foundation , the Ed Uihlein Family Foundation, the Ralph Smeed Private Memorial Foundation, the Koch Family Foundations , the Searle Freedom Trust , the E.L. Craig Foundation, and the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation . In March 2012, in
324-513: A paid public policy internship with two career and policy seminars. Fellows were placed at one partner think tanks and policy organizations across the United States. IHS also ran a year-round journalism internship program that placed aspiring journalists at media companies and non-profit newsrooms, but both the journalism and policy internship programs have been discontinued. In 2019, it was reported that John Elliott, who had directed IHS's journalism internship program from 2008 to 2013, had ties to
378-502: A result, Cato advocates the United States should be an example of democracy and human rights, not their armed vindicator abroad, claiming it has a rich history, from George Washington to Cold War realists like George Kennan . Cato scholars aim to restore this view, with a principled and restrained foreign policy recommendation, to keep the nation out of most foreign conflicts and be cheaper, more ethical, and less destructive of civil liberties. Cato scholars have consistently called for
432-400: A series of British essays penned in the early 18th century by John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon . In 1981, Murray Rothbard was removed from the Cato Institute by the board. That same year, Cato relocated to Washington, D.C. , settling initially in a historic house on Capitol Hill . The institute moved to its current location on Massachusetts Avenue in 1993. In 2009, Cato Institute
486-474: Is a non-profit organization that promotes the teaching and research of classical liberalism in higher education in the United States . IHS offers funding opportunities, programs, and events for faculty and graduate students seeking careers in academia as well as various fellowships. Founded by F. A. "Baldy" Harper in 1961, the organization later began an association with George Mason University and in 1985 moved to Fairfax, Virginia . The institute
540-506: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cato Institute The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1977 by Ed Crane , Murray Rothbard , and Charles Koch , chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Koch Industries . Cato was established to focus on public advocacy , media exposure, and societal influence. Cato advocates for
594-521: Is against affirmative action . It has also called for total abolition of the welfare state , and has argued that it should be replaced with reduced business regulations to create more jobs, and argues that private charities are fully capable of replacing it. Cato has also opposed antitrust laws. Cato is an opponent of campaign finance reform , arguing that government is the ultimate form of potential corruption and that such laws undermine democracy by undermining competitive elections. Cato also supports
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#1732772633935648-598: Is currently located at 3434 Washington Blvd. on the Arlington campus of George Mason University. It is partially funded by the Charles Koch Foundation . The Institute for Humane Studies was founded in 1961 in Menlo Park, California , by F. A. Harper in order to promote peace, prosperity, and social harmony by fostering a greater understanding of human affairs and freedom. Initially serving as
702-571: Is currently located on the George Mason University Arlington campus, along with sister organization the Mercatus Center . The institute's board of directors includes Scott Beaulier , Christopher Coyne , Tyler Cowen , David Humphreys, Charles G. Koch (Chairman Emeritus), Brian Hooks , Art Pope (Chairman), Chris Rufer , Virgil Storr , Ryan Stowers , and Todd Zywicki . IHS has received funding from
756-434: Is opposed to expanding overtime regulations, arguing that it will benefit some employees in the short term, while costing jobs or lowering wages of others, and have no meaningful long-term impact. It opposes child labor prohibitions, opposes public sector unions , and supports right-to-work laws . It opposes universal health care , arguing that it is harmful to patients and an intrusion onto individual liberty. It
810-659: Is the nature of man and society? What are the best ways to organize human society? What is the proper role for government?" Notable guest lecturers featured on Learn Liberty include David Schmidtz of the University of Arizona and Jeffrey Miron of Harvard University . Each summer, for more than 20 years, IHS hosted the Charles G. Koch Summer Fellow Program. The program is now hosted by the Charles Koch Institute . The program ran for 10 weeks, and included
864-523: The 2008 U.S. presidential election , Cato scholars criticized both major-party candidates, John McCain and Barack Obama . Cato has criticized President Obama's stances on policy issues such as fiscal stimulus , healthcare reform , foreign policy , and drug-related matters, while supporting his stance on the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell and the DREAM Act . Institute for Humane Studies The Institute for Humane Studies ( IHS )
918-770: The Ayn Rand Institute (ARI) improved with the nomination of Cato's new president John A. Allison IV in 2012. He is a former ARI board member and is reported to be an "ardent devotee" of Rand who has promoted reading her books to colleges nationwide. In March 2015, Allison retired as president, remaining on the board; he was succeeded by Peter Goettler. The Cato Institute advocates policies that advance "individual liberty , limited government , free markets , and peace ". They are libertarian in their policy positions, typically advocating diminished government intervention in domestic, social, and economic policies and decreased military and political intervention worldwide. Cato
972-745: The Daily Kos proposed the term " Libertarian Democrat " to describe his particular liberal position, suggesting that libertarians should be allies of the Democratic Party. Replying, Cato's vice president for research Brink Lindsey agreed that libertarians and liberals should view each other as natural ideological allies, and noted continuing differences between mainstream liberal views on economic policy and Cato's " Jeffersonian philosophy ". Some Cato scholars disagree with conservatives on neo-conservative foreign policy, albeit that this has not always been uniform. The relationship between Cato and
1026-935: The Libertarian Review Foundation ) Literature of Liberty (from 1978 to 1979 before transferring it to the Institute for Humane Studies , which ended its publication in 1982). Cato also co-publishes the annual Human Freedom Index with the Fraser Institute , and is the co-publisher with Fraser of the U.S. edition of the Economic Freedom of the World annual report. In addition to maintaining its own website in English and Spanish, Cato maintains websites focused on particular topics: The Cato Institute hosts conferences throughout
1080-507: The alt-right movement. IHS issued a statement which said "After careful review, we have uncovered no incident during his tenure at IHS in which Elliott exhibited anti-Semitic or bigoted views." Each year, IHS awards an alumnus of its programs with the Charles G. Koch Outstanding IHS Alum Award. The award is given in recognition of "significant contributions to advancing liberty." Past award winners include libertarian legal theorist and law professor Randy Barnett ; Kris Mauren, co-founder of
1134-490: The "national interest". Christopher Preble has said that the "scare campaign" to protect military spending from cuts under the Budget Control Act of 2011 has backfired. Cato's foreign and defense policies are guided by the view that the United States is relatively secure and so should engage the world, trade freely, and work with other countries on common concerns—but avoid trying to dominate it militarily. As
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#17327726339351188-622: The Advanced Topics in Liberty program, which is an invitation-only, discussion-based weekend conference series. For graduate students pursuing academic careers, IHS sponsors an annual research colloquium, policy research seminars and invitation-only Career Development Seminars designed to help students "land a job in academia, gain tenure, and contribute to the academic and intellectual conversation." Each year IHS awards over $ 1 million in scholarships to students from universities around
1242-576: The Institute in 1961", IHS staff and friends gathered to honor Hayek. Following Harper in the role of president were Louis M. Spadaro and Leonard Liggio , who served as president from 1980 to 1989. From 1998 to 2000 Stanford graduate David C. Nott, now with the Reason Foundation , led the organization as president. The current president and CEO, Emily Chamlee-Wright , served as provost and dean at Washington College from 2012 to 2016 and
1296-466: The Institute since 1986. IHS fundraising appeals have been targeted to specific projects in the past. In 2011, Rand Paul signed a 10-page fundraising letter seeking gifts for the institute's Learn Liberty project, which IHS describes as a "resource for exploring the ideas of a free society." Learn Liberty was acquired by Students for Liberty in 2019. Each summer, IHS runs several free, weekend-long summer seminars for university students from around
1350-806: The Kurds in the north and the Shiites in the south." But in 2002 Carpenter wrote, "the United States should not shrink from confronting al-Qaeda in its Pakistani lair," a position echoed in the institute's policy recommendations for the 108th Congress. Cato's director of foreign policy studies, Christopher Preble, argues in The Power Problem: How American Military Dominance Makes Us Less Safe, Less Prosperous, and Less Free , that America's position as an unrivaled superpower tempts policymakers to constantly overreach and to redefine ever more broadly
1404-400: The U.S. edition of the Economic Freedom of the World annual report (1996–). Cato argues that most Americans are immigrants or descended from immigrants who sought opportunity and freedom on American shores, and they believe that this continues today with immigrants continuing to become Americans, making the United States a wealthier, freer, and safer country. Cato's research indicates that
1458-602: The United States Constitution to prohibit same-sex marriage ; the amendment failed in both houses of Congress. A 2006 Cato report by Radley Balko strongly criticized U.S. drug policy and the perceived growing militarization of U.S. law enforcement. A 2006 study criticized the Digital Millennium Copyright Act . Cato supports same-sex marriage and filed an amicus brief in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges supporting
1512-744: The abandonment of the Republican energy bill, arguing that it had become little more than a gravy train for Washington, D.C., lobbyists. Again in 2005, Cato scholar Jerry Taylor teamed up with Daniel Becker of the Sierra Club to attack the Republican Energy Bill as a give-away to corporate interests. In 2003, Cato filed an amicus brief in support of the Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas , which struck down
1566-420: The arguments offered to justify the 2003 invasion of Iraq. One of the war's earliest critics, Carpenter wrote in January 2002: "Ousting Saddam would make Washington responsible for Iraq's political future and entangle the United States in an endless nation-building mission beset by intractable problems." Carpenter also predicted: "Most notably there is the issue posed by two persistent regional secession movements:
1620-535: The contemporary vibrancy of the ideas of freedom. According to Cato's mission statement, the Jeffersonian philosophy that animates Cato's work has increasingly come to be called 'libertarianism' or 'market liberalism.' It combines an appreciation for entrepreneurship, the market process, and lower taxes with strict respect for civil liberties and skepticism about the benefits of both the welfare state and foreign military adventurism. In 2006, Markos Moulitsas of
1674-542: The current US immigration system excludes the most peaceful and healthy immigrants, and urges policymakers to expand and deregulate legal immigration. Further, Cato supports open borders . Cato scholars were critical of George W. Bush 's Republican administration (2001–2009) on several issues, including education, and excessive government spending . On other issues, they supported Bush administration initiatives, most notably health care, Social Security , global warming , tax policy , and immigration . During
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1728-417: The denial machine", that rejects global warming . PolitiFact.com and Scientific American have called Cato's work on global warming "false" and based on " data selection ". A December 2003 Cato panel included Patrick Michaels , Robert Balling and John Christy . Michaels, Balling and Christy agreed that global warming is related at least some degree to human activity but that many scientists and
1782-637: The former president's calls for larger ethanol subsidies. With regard to the "Takings Clause" of the United States Constitution and environmental protection, libertarians associated with Cato contended in 2003 that the Constitution is not adequate to guarantee the protection of private property rights. In 2019, Cato closed its "Center for the Study of Science", which E&E News characterized as "a program that for years sought to raise uncertainty about climate science" after its head Pat Michaels had left
1836-401: The individual right to liberty. He argues that, as the term "liberalism" became increasingly associated with government intervention in the economy and social welfare programs, some classical liberals abandoned the old term and began to call themselves “ libertarians ”. Officially, Cato admits that the term “classical liberal” comes close to the mark of labeling its position, but fails to capture
1890-419: The institute over disagreements, along with his collaborator Ryan Maue, a meteorologist. By that time, the Cato Institute was also no longer affiliated with its former distinguished fellow Richard Lindzen , another denier of the scientific consensus on climate change . Cato's scholars seek to advance policies and support institutions in developing and developed countries that protect human rights and extend
1944-590: The media have overstated the danger. The Cato Institute has also criticized political attempts to stop global warming as expensive and ineffective. Cato scholars have been critical of the Bush administration 's views on energy policy. In 2003, Cato scholars Jerry Taylor and Peter Van Doren said the Republican Energy Bill was "hundreds of pages of corporate welfare, symbolic gestures, empty promises, and pork-barrel projects". They also spoke out against
1998-514: The midst of a legal dispute between Charles Koch and the Cato Institute that caused renewed scrutiny of Koch's political philanthropy, IHS's chief financial officer told the New York Times that Koch is "a longtime and generous supporter of ours, but we're not involved as a political organization." Charles Koch donated a total of $ 12.4 million to the organization from 2008 to 2012. The John William Pope Foundation has donated $ 2.1 million to
2052-982: The organization to lose nearly $ 1 million in funding), President Bill Clinton 's interventions in Haiti and Kosovo , President George W. Bush's 2003 invasion of Iraq , and President Barack Obama's 2011 military intervention in Libya . As a response to the September 11 attacks , Cato scholars supported the removal of al Qaeda and the Taliban regime from power , but are against an indefinite and open-ended military occupation of Afghanistan. Cato scholars criticized U.S. involvement in Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen . Ted Galen Carpenter, Cato's vice president for defense and foreign policy studies, criticized many of
2106-486: The practice of public officials funneling taxpayer money, usually via targeted budgetary spending, to politically connected corporate interests. Cato has published strong criticisms of the 1998 settlement which many U.S. states signed with the tobacco industry . Cato president Ed Crane and Sierra Club executive director Carl Pope co-wrote a 2002 op-ed piece in The Washington Post calling for
2160-419: The principles of a free society." Other various grants are awarded to graduate students and junior faculty to aid in their ability to present research or interview at academic or professional conferences. In 2010, IHS launched LearnLiberty.org, a website producing educational videos on libertarian ideas. The site's stated goals are "to provide a starting point for conversations on important questions: What
2214-537: The privatization of many government services and institutions, including NASA , Social Security , the United States Postal Service , the Transportation Security Administration , public schooling , public transportation systems, and public broadcasting . The institute opposes minimum wage laws, saying that they violate the freedom of contract and thus private property rights, and increase unemployment. The institute
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2268-592: The purpose of employment in the U.S. In 2004, the institute published a paper arguing in favor of "drug reimportation". In 2006, the Cato Institute published a study proposing a Balanced Budget Veto Amendment to the United States Constitution . In 2006, Cato published a Policy Analysis criticising the Federal Marriage Amendment as unnecessary, anti-federalist, and anti-democratic. The amendment would have changed
2322-406: The range of personal choices. In particular, Cato's research explores the central role that freedom in its various dimensions—economic, civil, and personal—plays in human progress and in solving some of the world's most pressing problems, including global poverty. To this end Cato co-publishes the annual Human Freedom Index (2015–) with the Fraser Institute and is the co-publisher with Fraser of
2376-628: The remaining state laws that made private, non-commercial homosexual relations between consenting adults illegal. Cato cited the 14th Amendment , among other things, as the source of their support for the ruling. The amicus brief was cited in Justice Kennedy's majority opinion for the Court. In 2004, Cato scholar Daniel Griswold wrote in support of President George W. Bush's failed proposal to grant temporary work visas to otherwise undocumented laborers which would have granted limited residency for
2430-472: The repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell and laws restricting consensual sexual activity. The Cato Institute officially resists being labeled as part of the conservative movement because "'conservative' smacks of an unwillingness to change, of a desire to preserve the status quo". Cato has strong ties to the political philosophy of classical liberalism . According to executive vice president David Boaz , libertarians are classical liberals who strongly emphasize
2484-502: The repeal of the Federal Election Campaign Act . Cato is a fierce foe of the war on drugs , arguing that consenting adults have the right to put any substance they wish to in their bodies and that drug prohibition drives mass incarceration while fueling violent competition between gangs and failing to prevent drug abuse. Cato has published numerous studies criticizing what it calls " corporate welfare ",
2538-400: The secretary and treasurer, Harper became the institute's president in 1966, a position he held until his death in 1973. Murray Rothbard played a key role as speaker at IHS conferences in the 1970s, promoting Austrian economics . On May 18, the 100th anniversary of the birth of Nobel Prize-winning economist Friedrich A. Hayek , who had been "instrumental in helping F.A. "Baldy" Harper found
2592-605: The world. Through its Humane Studies Fellowship program, IHS awards up to $ 15,000 in scholarships to graduate students embarking on "liberty-advancing careers in ideas." Each summer, through the Summer Graduate Research Fellowship, IHS gives $ 5,000 stipends to young academics "to refine and complete a publishable scholarly article or thesis chapter that engages ideas within the classical liberal tradition." The IHS PhD Scholarship awards $ 1,500 to "students dedicated to developing, teaching, and applying
2646-434: The world. Seminars are interdisciplinary and include lectures on history, economics, philosophy, law, and political science. Seminar themes include the value of property rights, limited government , peace, natural rights , free trade , individual autonomy , and free markets . There are introductory and advanced seminars. IHS also runs weekend on-campus seminars during the academic year. IHS and Liberty Fund co-sponsor
2700-678: The year. Topics include monetary policy, the U.S. Constitution, poverty and social welfare, technology and privacy, financial regulation, and civic culture. Speakers at past Cato Institute conferences have included Federal Reserve Chairmen Alan Greenspan and Ben Bernanke , Federal Reserve Vice Chairman Richard Clarida , International Monetary Fund Managing Director Rodrigo de Rato , Czech Republic President Václav Klaus , and Avanti Financial Group Founder and CEO Caitlin Long. Many Cato scholars have advocated support for civil liberties, liberal immigration policies, drug liberalization, and
2754-933: Was cited by columnist Ezra Klein as nonpartisan, saying that it is "the foremost advocate for small-government principles in American life" and it "advocates those principles when Democrats are in power, and when Republicans are in power"; and Eric Lichtblau called Cato "one of the country's most widely cited research organizations." Nina Eastman reported in 1995 that "on any given day, House Majority Whip Tom DeLay of Texas might be visiting for lunch. Or Cato staffers might be plotting strategy with House Majority Leader Dick Armey , another Texan, and his staff." Cato's non-interventionist foreign policy views, and strong support for civil liberties, have frequently led Cato scholars to criticize those in power, both Republican and Democratic. Cato scholars opposed President George H. W. Bush 's 1991 Gulf War operations (a position which caused
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#17327726339352808-453: Was previously the Elbert H. Neese Professor of Economics and associate dean at Beloit College . Her predecessor, Marty Zupan , served as president and CEO from 2001 to 2016 after serving as editor of Reason magazine . After beginning an association with George Mason University, Liggio, Walter Grinder, and John Blundell moved the institute to Fairfax, Virginia in 1985. The organization
2862-465: Was ranked the fifth-ranked think tank in the world in a study of think tanks by James G. McGann, at the University of Pennsylvania , based on a criterion of excellence in "producing rigorous and relevant research, publications and programs in one or more substantive areas of research". The Cato Institute had a budget of $ 23 million in 2012. In 2015, Cato's revenue exceeded $ 37 million, and the organization had 124 employees on staff. In 2024, its revenue
2916-533: Was reported at more than $ 71 million. Various Cato Institute programs were favorably ranked in a survey on think tanks published by the University of Pennsylvania in 2012. The Cato Institute publishes policy studies, briefing papers, periodicals, and books. Journals and periodicals include Cato Journal (since 1981), Regulation magazine (acquired in 1990), Cato's Letter , Cato Supreme Court Review , Cato Policy Report , Cato published Inquiry Magazine from 1977 to 1982 (before transferring it to
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