Network map
86-593: The Circle Line is served on the whole loop as M3 and additionally on its eastern (lower) part between Orientkaj and København H as M4 . In 2024 the M4 was extended to København S. The Copenhagen Metro ( Danish : Københavns Metro , pronounced [kʰøpm̩ˈhɑwˀns ˈme̝ːtsʰʁo] ) is a light rapid transit system in Copenhagen , Denmark, serving the municipalities of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , and Tårnby . The original 20.4-kilometre (12.7 mi) system opened in October 2002, serving nine stations on two lines: M1 and M2 . In 2003 and 2007,
172-606: A proof-of-payment system, so riders must have a valid ticket before entering the station platforms. The system is divided into zones , and the fare structure is integrated with other public transport in Copenhagen, including the buses managed by Movia, local DSB trains and the S-train. The system lies within four different zones. Ticket machines are available at all stations, where special tickets for dogs and bicycles can also be purchased. A two-zone ticket costs DKK 24, and
258-432: A common 7.69-kilometre (4.78 mi) section from Vanløse to Christianshavn , where they split along two lines: M1 follows the Ørestad Line to Vestamager, while M2 follows the Østamager Line to the airport. The metro consists of a total route length of 20.4 km (12.7 mi), and 22 stations, 9 of which are on the section shared by both lines. M1 is 13.9 kilometres (8.6 mi) long and serves 15 stations, while M2
344-418: A constant level of illumination of the stations at all times. The elevated stations are built in glass, concrete and steel to minimize their visual impact. Outside, there is parking for bicycles, cars, buses and taxis. Access to the trains are blocked by platform screen doors . The system uses 64 driverless electric multiple units built by Hitachi Rail Italy and designed by Giugiaro Design of Italy called
430-416: A driver and have operated at about a 150-second interval—twice the cycle time of the city's traffic lights. Power would have been provided with overhead wires . Stops were to be located about every 500 m (1,640 ft 5 in) at street level. The articulated trams would have been about 35 m (114 ft 10 in) long and have a capacity for 230 passengers. The light rail model would have used
516-454: A facility especially prepared for the task. The interior walls of the tunnel have been coated with concrete and multiple emergency shafts have been installed for the purpose of providing ventilation and maintenance access. The extracted earth produced by the construction effort was routinely used to fill the Nordhavn reclamation project in Øresund . During the construction process, it
602-438: A fifteen-minute headway on the single-service sections, and other nights it is twenty-minutes on all sections of the metro. At all other times, there is a three-minute headway on the common section and a six-minute on the single-service sections. Travel time from Nørreport to Vestamager on M1 is 14 minutes, to the airport on M2 is 15 minutes, and to Vanløse on M1 and M2 is 9 minutes. During rush hour (07:00–10:00 and 15:00–18:00), on
688-527: A large 'M' and featuring information screens. All stations have a vestibule at below ground level, which has ticket and local information, ticket machines and validators. The stations are built with island platforms and are fully accessible for people with disabilities. The deep-level stations are built as rectangular, open boxes 60 m (196 ft 10 in) long, 20 m (65 ft 7 in) wide and 20 m (65 ft 7 in) deep. The platforms are located 18 m (59 ft 1 in) below
774-455: A new regional rail transport hub by connecting the metro system to the S-train network, regional trains, and long-distance trains on the current lines and the high speed Copenhagen-Ringsted railway. Once these extensions are complete, Metro expects the daily ridership to triple from its current level of 200,000 riders per weekday to 600,000 riders per weekday in 2030. The planning of the metro
860-519: A pair of 15.5 km (9.6 mi) parallel tunnels commenced using a total of four tunnel boring machines (TBMs) named Eva , Minerva , Nora , and Tria . These tunnels were bored with an inner diameter of 4.9 metres (16 ft 1 in) and at a depth varying between 20 and 35 metres (65 ft 7 in and 114 ft 10 in). The tunnels have been built by Seli Tunneling Denmark, that also manufactured two out of four machines in Denmark, at
946-535: A round journey on the line is estimated takes approximately 29 minutes. The stations of the City Circle Line are all underground, with easy access from the street level to the platform. The structure of the stations is largely identical to that of the existing Copenhagen Metro stations. They are built at a depth of approximately 19 meters using cut-and-cover methods; a standardised box structure has been adopted, measuring 64 meters by 20 meters. Each one
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#17327646499771032-643: A second ring line further east than the M3, and a western extension of the M1 or M2 to Brøndbyøster was also suggested. In 2017, the city of Copenhagen suggested a new M6 line connecting Brønshøj and Refshaleøen via Copenhagen Central Station . In 2018, the government and the city agreed on plans to construct an artificial island, Lynetteholmen north of Refshaleøen, and the city included its plans to link Copenhagen Central Station and Refshaleøen in this discussion. As of January 2018, no further development will be done after
1118-742: A three-zone ticket DKK 36, and tickets are good for 60 minutes. Holders of the Copenhagen Card museum pass ride free of charge, as do up to two children under twelve years of age accompanied by an adult. As of 2012, the metro has fully adapted to the national electronic fare card system Rejsekort . Outside the Central zones, the outer zones are divided into sub-zones and ticketing can be a bit confusing for visitors familiar with how zones work in London or Berlin. Passengers must specify, on their ticket which sub-zone they wish to travel to. The system
1204-573: A tramway, a light rail and a rapid transit. In October 1994, the Development Corporation chose a light rapid transit. The tram solution would have been a street tram, without any major infrastructure investments in the city centre, such as a dedicated right-of-way. Through Ørestad it would have had level crossings, except for a grade-separated crossing with the European Route E20 and the Øresund Line . It would have had
1290-592: A twin-track line provides a connection between the City Circle Line and the Nordhavnen Metro . Just as M1 and M2 share a section of the existing metro, the City Circle Line shares a 6-station section with the M4 line. Initially, two possible routes were considered, after an even bigger screening of ideas. In December 2005, it was announced that the Copenhagen and Frederiksberg municipalities had selected
1376-506: Is 14.2 kilometres (8.8 mi) long and serves 16 stations. About 10 km (6.2 miles) of the lines and 9 stations are in tunnel, located at 20 to 30 m (66 to 98 ft) below ground level. The remaining sections are on embankments , viaducts or at ground level. The section from Vanløse to Frederiksberg follows the Frederiksberg Line, a former S-train line which runs on an embankment. From Fasanvej station ,
1462-399: Is a 15.5-kilometre (9.63 mi) looping line which serves 17 stations. Including Frederiksberg and Kongens Nytorv which also serve M1 and M2. A full trip around the line takes approximately 29 minutes. The M4 line serves 13 stations, 6 of which are shared with the M3 line. It branches off the M3 line at Østerport in the north and at København H in the south. The southern extension is
1548-597: Is also a lift that transports passengers to the platform. There are two entrances to the station as well: the southwestern corner of the intersection of Kongens Nytorv, Lille Kongensgade, Holmens Kanal, and Store Kongensgade and the other inside the Magasin du Nord department store. Both original Copenhagen Metro lines, the M1 and the M2 , serve Kongens Nytorv. Both operate westbound towards Vanløse and eastbound towards Vestamager on
1634-481: Is estimated to carry 240,000 daily passengers, bringing the metro's total daily ridership to 460,000. The M4 was opened on 28 March 2020 when two additional stations were opened in the Nordhavn district. This line running from Copenhagen Central Station (København H) via Østerport to Orientkaj station in Nordhavn, thus sharing six stations with the M3 and featuring two additional Nordhavn stations. The M4 line
1720-557: Is ever further than 300 m (330 yd) from an exit. The outer tunnel diameter is 5.5 m (18 ft 1 in), while the inner diameter is 4.9 m (16 ft 1 in). The tunnels were excavated by the cut-and-cover method, the New Austrian Tunnelling method and by tunnel boring machines (TBM). Along the elevated sections, the tracks run on alternating sections of separate reinforced concrete viaducts and joint embankments made of reinforced earth . M3
1806-411: Is integrated with other public transport in Copenhagen. There is transfer to the S-train at Vanløse, Flintholm and Nørreport, to DSB's local trains at Nørreport, Ørestad and Lufthavnen, and to Copenhagen Airport at Lufthavnen. There are transfers to Movia bus services at all but four stations. The system is owned by Metroselskabet, who is also responsible for building the City Circle Line. The company
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#17327646499771892-571: Is interchange with the M1 and M2 at Kongens Nytorv . An extension to the Sydhavn district open in June 2024, served by the M4. The addition of this line will relocate the M4's southern terminus from Copenhagen Central Station to Ny Ellebjerg. A northwestern expansion of the City Circle Line was planned, where M4 would have diverted at Nørrebro and run to the suburbs of Brønshøj and Gladsaxe . This project
1978-425: Is outfitted with island platforms of between 7 meters and 9 meters. Stations are listed counterclockwise, beginning in the southeast. While the stations have a similar structure to those of the current Metro, they have been designed with more varied materials and colors, making each individual station more recognisable. Italian rolling stock manufacturer AnsaldoBreda , which had previously provided trains for
2064-518: Is owned by Copenhagen Municipality (50.0%), the Ministry of Transport (41.7%) and Frederiksberg Municipality (8.3%). The company is organized with as few employees as possible. Construction and operation is subcontracted through public tenders, while consultants are used for planning. The contract to operate the system was made with Ansaldo STS , who has subcontracted it to Metro Service, a joint venture between them and Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM),
2150-483: Is provided 24/7, making Copenhagen along with New York City and Chicago the only cities in the world to provide 24/7 rapid transit service throughout their city limits. In 2023, the metro carried 120 million passengers. The system is owned by Metroselskabet (The Metro Company), which is owned by the municipalities of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg, and the Ministry of Transport . The M1 and M2 use 34 trains of
2236-473: The Danish Parliament on 1 June 2007. Preferred bidders were announced during November 2010. The total cost was estimated at 15 billion kroner but had risen to 21.3 billion kroner ($ 3.39 billion) when the contractors were announced in late 2010. It is a fully automated line, using driverless trains and capable of routine 24/7 operations. Italian rolling stock manufacturer AnsaldoBreda provides
2322-676: The Danish State Railways . With this stage complete, the 34 trains were delivered for use by the M1 and M2. However, the line caused a heated debate, with several locals organized themselves into the Amager Metro Group. The group argued that the line should have been built underground, citing concerns that it would create noise pollution and a physical barrier in Amager. In April 2008, the Copenhagen Metro won
2408-660: The Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro class and stationed at the Control and Maintenance Center at Vestamager . The trains are 2.65 m (8 ft 8 in) wide and three cars long; their 630 kW (840 hp) power output is supplied by a 750-volt third rail . The metro trains were originally planned to be four cars long, but trains were reduced to three cars per set as a savings measure. Platforms are – although shorter than originally planned – built to accommodate trains with four cars, and
2494-533: The Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro . City Circle Line The M3 line or City Circle Line is a loop line of the Copenhagen Metro . It has been claimed by COWI A/S that the line is the largest construction project to have taken place in Copenhagen during the last 400 years. The network's total length is 15.5 kilometres (9.6 mi) and has 17 stations. The line opened on 29 September 2019. Plans for its construction were approved by
2580-499: The Magasin du Nord department store. Kongens Nytorv station opened as part of the initial segment of the Copenhagen Metro, with trains running west to Nørreport and east to either Vestamager or Lergravsparken . Construction for the City Circle Line, which is carry the M3 and M4 Lines and for which Kongens Nytorv acts as an interchange, began on 4 October 2009 with wire work and archaeological sites. The excavation began in mid-2011 and
2666-587: The S-train . Many new lines have been discussed. Initially Line M4 was supposed to supplement the circular M3 on the eastern side of the Inner City between Nørrebro station and Copenhagen Central Station . At this time, an extension was suggested from Nørrebro to the northwestern suburbs with a terminus at Husum station . This was abandoned as the City of Copenhagen rejected funding interchange chamber under Nørrebro station necessary for this extension. Instead,
Copenhagen Metro - Misplaced Pages Continue
2752-406: The City Circle Line towards Brønshøj . The first part of this line was intended to be constructed at the same time as the City Circle Line, to avoid a multitude-higher construction cost and long interruptions of operations later. This did not involve a final decision, only an option for future construction. The Herlev/Brønshøj line was ultimately dropped as the City of Copenhagen withdrew its share of
2838-517: The City Circle Line. On 7 January 2011, the civil engineering contract for the City Circle Line was awarded to the Copenhagen Metro Team (CMT), a joint venture comprising Salini Impregilo , Technimont , and SELI . Italian rail equipment specialist Hitachi Rail STS was selected to supply the trains, electrical infrastructure and communications systems, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), platform-edge doors, and
2924-641: The Frederiksberg route; the purpose is to cover areas not yet served by S-trains or the Metro . The finished City Circle Line has been promoted as playing a heavy influence upon much of Copenhagen's current transport network. The transit agency Movia projects up to 34 million passengers switch from buses to the Metro annually. Once the line is completed, 85 per cent of all homes, work places and educational facilities in Copenhagen's inner city area, as well as
3010-546: The Harbour line, shares the track with the M3 between Copenhagen Central Station and Østerport station (six stations shared). An additional extension to the M4 is under construction: service the southern (Sydhavn) harbour district in Copenhagen. The completed M4 between Orientkaj and Ny Ellebjerg will feature 13 stations. The northern extension, Nordhavn station and Orientkaj station, both begun service on 28 March 2020. The southern extension will add five additional stops to
3096-495: The M1 and M2 lines, as well with three Copenhagen S-train stations. It takes 25 minutes to complete a full lap in either direction. Archaeological and geological surveys started in 2007, preferred bidders were announced in November 2010 and contracts were signed in 2011. Preparations began by moving utilities etc. in 2010, and construction of work sites and stations began in 2011. Drilling of tunnels began in 2013. On 7 January 2011
3182-829: The M1 and M2 lines, but intersect them at Kongens Nytorv and Frederiksberg stations. Before the Cityringen opened, the Metro expected that it would cause its ridership should almost double from its 2016 levels to 116 million annual passengers. A fourth line, M4, will be developed into a separate line between 2020 and 2022, as extensions of the Cityringen to Nordhavn and Sydhavn open. The two-stop three-kilometre (1.9 mi)-long line to Nordhavn opened in March 2020. The extension adds an interchange with Nordhavn S-train station. The five-stop, 4.5 km (2.8 mi), extension to Sydhavn opened in 2024. The Sydhavn line will terminate at Copenhagen South Station where it will create
3268-531: The M3 (Cityringen) there is a three-minute headway. During Thursday through Saturday night (0:00–05:00) on M3 there is a six-minute headway (one direction), while in the weekend it is twelve-minutes (two directions). At all other times, there is a four/five-minute headway. Travel time of the Cityringen M3 is 29 minutes. During Thursday through Saturday night (0:00–05:00) on the M4 there is a twelve minute headway between Osterport and Orientkaj stations, while in
3354-423: The M3 and M4 station was opened on 29 September 2019. Kongens Nytorv is built and designed in the same style as other underground stations on the Copenhagen Metro. There are two main levels below ground level; the first is a few steps down from the street. At this level, passengers take an escalator down to a mezzanine switchback that makes them turn around and go down another escalator to reach platform level. There
3440-559: The M4 will link up with the S-train and regional train system. The Danish Transport Authority (Trafikstyrelsen) has suggested converting the F-line of the S-train network to metro standard as an M5 line. If the M5 line becomes reality, it will connect with existing lines at Flintholm Station (interchange with M1 and M2), Nørrebro station (interchange with M3), and the future Ny Ellebjerg station (interchange with M4). The fourth line, M4 or
3526-475: The M4, with its southern terminus moving from Copenhagen Central Station to Ny Ellebjerg. This line will service the southern harbour district and is expected to open by 2024. As of 2019, the M1 and M2 has a total of 22 stations. After opening of the City Circle Line, the metro system is featured 3 lines with a total of 37 stations. Upon completion of both extensions of the M4, the system will feature four lines with 44 stations. 8 of these will be interchanges with
Copenhagen Metro - Misplaced Pages Continue
3612-633: The Metro network to the Nørrebro and Østerbro areas and København H (the Copenhagen central station). The City Circle Line services to many of the major areas of Copenhagen, including the Danish Parliament, the Central Station, City Hall, and multiple stations of the S-train and existing metro stops. Access to the region and commuter heavy rail network is also deliberately provision for at several places along its route; furthermore,
3698-508: The Metro was extended to Vanløse and Copenhagen Airport (Lufthavnen) respectively, adding an additional six plus five stations to the network. In 2019, seventeen stations on a wholly underground circle line, the M3 , was added bringing the number of stations to 37. The driverless light metro supplements the larger S-train rapid transit system, and is integrated with local DSB and regional ( Øresundståg ) trains and municipal Movia buses. Through
3784-479: The S-train service from Solbjerg to Vanløse was terminated, and work commenced to rebuild the section to metro. The last section of tunnel was completed in February 2001. In March 2001, Copenhagen County Council decided to start construction of stage 3. On 6 November 2001, the first train operated through a tunnel section. On 28 November, laying of tracks along stage 1, and stage 2A from Nørreport to Frederiksberg,
3870-425: The automatic doors can be modified accordingly should the need arise. Operation of the system is subcontracted to a private company. For the history of service, this has been Metro Service A/S . Trains run continually, twenty-four hours a day, with the headway varying from two to four minutes in daytime, with longer intervals (up to twenty minutes) during the night. Planning of the Metro started in 1992 as part of
3956-570: The award at MetroRail 2008 for the world's best metro. The jury noted the system's high regularity, safety and passenger satisfaction, as well as the efficient transport to the airport. During 2008, the metro experienced a 16% passenger growth to 44 million passengers per year. Several parties agreed in September 2008 not to fund a northwest expansion of the metro. Initially, the system operated trains from 01:00 to 05:00 only on Thursdays to Saturdays, but, starting on 19 March 2009, night service
4042-524: The city centre and west to Vanløse, M1 and M2 share a common line. To the southeast, the system serves Amager , with the 13.9-kilometre (8.6 mi) M1 running through the new neighborhood of Ørestad , and the 14.2-kilometre (8.8 mi) M2 serving the eastern neighborhoods and Copenhagen Airport . The M3 is a circle line connecting Copenhagen Central Station with Vesterbro , Frederiksberg , Nørrebro , Østerbro and Indre By districts. The metro has 44 stations , 30 of which are underground. Service
4128-572: The city preferred the M4 to branch at Østerport station to facilitate development of the Nordhavn harbour area. The "M5"-label appears to having been reserved for a potential future conversion of Line F of the Copenhagen S-train to metro standard. In 2011, the City of Copenhagen suggested two additional lines M6 and M7, the M6 linking the northwestern suburbs and central Amager and the M7 forming
4214-543: The city was wrong to grant Metroselskabet permission for 24-hour work days and noise levels of up to 78 db at the Marmorkirken site. This forced construction to stop work at 6PM until a final ruling was made, thus delaying the completion date. The City Circle Line is serviced by lines M3 and M4. The M3 opened by 29 September 2019, and its trains operate on the entire circle in either direction. The M3 has transfers to M1 and M2 at Frederiksberg and Kongens Nytorv . The line
4300-523: The construction of the Harbour line, or Line M4 between Ny Ellebjerg station and Orientkaj in the Nordhavn area, except for a few more stations northeast of Orientkaj. In September 2011, the city of Copenhagen and neighbouring Malmö in Sweden announced that they were seeking European Union funding to study a potential metro line under the Øresund to the neighbourhood of Malmö Central Station , providing faster trips and additional capacity beyond that of
4386-634: The cost of the Nørrebro branch chamber in its 2009 budget, and the state refused to continue the project. Any branch to the Herlev / Brønshøj region would now require a shutdown of the City Circle Line for an extended period of time. In March 2007, a proposal to establish a station at Valby , where the Carlsberg Group is planning an urban redevelopment, was scrapped. The proposal would have increased construction costs by DKK 900 million and
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#17327646499774472-494: The existing Øresund Bridge . The study, for which the EU granted funding in the following December, will consider both a simple shuttle between the two stations and a continuous line integrated with the local transport networks on each side, and they anticipate a travel time of 15 minutes between the two city centers. Work on the study is expected to continue until 2020. The metro consists of four lines, M1, M2, M3 and M4. M1 and M2 share
4558-558: The existing Copenhagen metro, was selected to supply new-build rolling stock for the line. Deliveries of the trains to the Metro company commenced during 2014; these are being referred to as being the version 5 of the AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro trains. While these vehicles are broadly identical to the ones running on the Copenhagen metro, they feature several advancements in technology, materials and design. The driverless trains are directly monitored from
4644-464: The form of the City Circle Line. As proposed, it involved the construction of a 15.5 kilometres (9.6 mi) underground circular route, a total of 17 stations, and emergency escape shafts, to support two new underground lines, designated as M3 and M4 . The planned City Circle Line would connect into the Kongens Nytorv and Frederiksberg stations of the preexisting metro network. During
4730-431: The highest passenger capacity, the lowest visual and noise impact, and the lowest number of accidents. Despite requiring the highest investment, it had the highest net present value . The decision to build stage 2, from Nørreport to Vanløse, and stage 3, to the airport, was taken by Parliament on 21 December 1994. Stage 2 involved the establishment of the company Frederiksbergbaneselskabet I/S in February 1995, owned 70% by
4816-620: The line runs underground, and continues this way through the city center. After Christianshavn, the line splits in two. M1 reaches ground level at Islands Brygge, and continues on a viaduct through the Vestamager area. M2 continues in tunnel until after Lergravsparken, where it starts to follow the former Amager Line. The tunnels consist of two parallel tunnels; that run through stable limestone at about 30 m (98 ft) depth, but are elevated slightly at each station. There are emergency exits every 600 m (660 yd), so that no train
4902-493: The line's centralised operations and maintenance centre; they are equipped with a communications-based train control (CBTC) for this purpose. These vehicles are to reportedly capable of a top speed of 90 km/h, an increase over the 80 km/h maximum for trains used on other Metro lines. They have a maximum capacity of 314 passengers and there is a train every 100 seconds, giving a frequency of 36 trains per hour. The system runs 24 hours per day, and passengers are able to keep track of
4988-496: The new project called Cityringen started with the signing of new contracts by Metroselskabet, with Ansaldo Breda and Ansaldo Sts (Finmeccanica Group) for the supply of trains and control systems and with an Italian joint-venture led by Salin Construttori (about 60%) and Tecnimont (about 40%) with Seli as third partner for the construction part. In July 2013, Natur- og Miljøklagenævnet, the environmental appeals board, ruled that
5074-421: The newest in the system and opened on 22 June 2024. The system operates 24/7 with a varying headway throughout the day. During rush hour (07:00–10:00 and 15:00–18:00), there is a two-minute headway on the common section and a four-minute headway on the single-service sections. During Thursday through Saturday night (0:00–05:00) on the M1 and M2 lines there is a seven/eight-minute headway on the common section and
5160-478: The opening needed to be adapted to her calendar. This caused four days without a bus service along the line. Stage 2B, from Frederiksberg to Vanløse, opened on 12 October. Forum Station was nominated for the European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture in 2005. On 2 December 2005, the final agreement to build the City Circle Line was made between the local and national governments. The price
5246-415: The public transport company of the city of Milan , Italy. The company has 285 employees, the majority of whom work as stewards. There are 37 stations on the network. Of the initial 22 stations on lines M1 and M2, nine are underground and six of these are deep-level. They were all designed by KHR Arkitekter , who created open stations with daylight. Stations have an information column in front, marked with
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#17327646499775332-478: The redevelopment plans for Ørestad with construction starting in 1996, and stage 1, from Nørreport to Vestamager and Lergravsparken , opened in 2002. Stage 2, from Nørreport to Vanløse , opened in 2003, followed by stage 3, from Lergravsparken to Lufthavnen , in 2007. The City Circle Line (Danish: Cityringen) is an entirely underground 15.5 km (9.6 mi) loop through central Copenhagen and Frederiksberg with 17 stops. It does not share any track with
5418-418: The same approach as the tram in Ørestad, but would instead have run through a tunnel in the city centre. The tunnel sections would be shorter, but the diameter larger because it would have to accommodate overhead wires. The system would have the same frequency as the tram, but use double trams and would therefore require larger stations. The metro solution was chosen because it combined the highest average speeds,
5504-518: The signalling system. The route's tunnels were constructed by Seli Tunneling Denmark ApS, subsidiary of Seli SPA, and subsequently acquired by Salini Impregilo. Consultancy services regarding rolling stock and the automated train depot were sourced from Ramboll and WS Atkins . The line incorporates various live data feeds for the purpose of highlighting hazards and recording any accidents using project compliance software ComplyPro, produced by software company Comply Serve . During 2013, boring of
5590-414: The station built bottom-up), and the first part of construction was building a water-tight wall on all sides. There are glass pyramids on the roof of the stations permitting daylight to enter. Inside the pyramids, there are prisms reflecting and splitting the light, sometimes resulting in rainbows on the walls. The light in the stations is automatically regulated to make best use of the daylight and maintain
5676-408: The summer of 2007, the Danish Parliament gave its approval for the construction of the proposed line, although it would be another four years before construction activity would commence. At the time of its approval, the project had a projected cost of DKK21.3 billion ($ 3.2 billion) along with an anticipated date of completion by July 2019. Transport group Metroselskabet held overall responsibility for
5762-413: The surface. Access to the surface is reached via escalators and elevators. The design allows the stations to be located below streets and squares, allowing the stations to be built without expropriation . Access to the track is blocked by platform screen doors . The underground stations on M1 and M2 were built as cut-and-cover from the top down (except Christianshavn, which was excavated as a large hole and
5848-472: The surrounding neighbourhoods, shall be less than a ten-minute walk from either a metro or train station. It has been projected for the line is used by approximately 240,000 passengers per day. It is fully automated, being operated using a driverless system that provides 24/7 service coverage and at a peak frequency between trains of 100 seconds. It is intended for trains on the line to achieve an average speed of 40km/h during regular service. As such, performing
5934-420: The system the first five years. COMET was a single-purpose consortium composed of Astaldi , Bachy , SAE , Ilbau , NCC Rasmussen & Schiøtz Anlæg and Tarmac Construction . Construction started in November 1996, with the moving of underground pipes and wires around the station areas. In August 1997, work started at the depot, and in September, COMET started the first mainline work. In October and November,
6020-449: The system was subcontracted to Ansaldo, who again subcontracted it to Metro Service, a subsidiary of Serco . The contract had a duration of five years, with an option for extension for another three. Trial runs on stage 2A began on 24 February 2003 and opened on 29 May. All changes to bus and train schedules in Copenhagen took place on 25 May, but to allow Queen Margrethe II to open the line,
6106-486: The train location through an electronic display system. Kongens Nytorv Station Kongens Nytorv station ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰʌŋŋ̍s ˈnyˌtsʰɒˀw] , lit. King's New Square ) is a Copenhagen Metro station located at Kongens Nytorv in downtown Copenhagen , Denmark . The station is located at the intersection of the M1/M2 and M3/M4 lines and is in fare zone 1. The station affords direct access to
6192-596: The trains for the new line, and the stations are intentionally similar to the Copenhagen Metro's existing stations. The transit agency Movia has projected that up to 34 million passengers eventually switch from buses to using the Metro during each year. During 2002, the Copenhagen Metro , a fully automated driverless metro system, was opened. It quickly became known for its high level of reliability, attaining an operational punctuality in excess of 98 per cent of on-time arrivals. Due to its success, during 2005, plans were put forward for further expansion of Copenhagen Metro in
6278-508: The two tunnel boring machines (TBM), christened Liva and Betty, were delivered. They started boring each barrel of the tunnel from Islands Brygge in February 1998. The same month, the Public Transport Authority gave the necessary permits to operate a driverless metro. The section between Fasanvej and Frederiksberg is a former S-train line, and was last operated as such on 20 June 1998. The first section of tunnel
6364-439: The walls around all of the stations, and three of the shaft structures. Reportedly, the final construction activity was centered upon the refurbishment of the surrounding areas around the new stations. The 15.5 km (9.6 mi) City Circle Line serves 17 stations. It crosses the M1 and M2 lines at Kongens Nytorv and Frederiksberg stations, and suburban train services at København H, Østerport and Nørrebro. It extend
6450-424: The weekend it is a ten minute headway between Kobenhavn H Central Station and Orientkaj Station. At all other times, there is a six/ten-minute headway. Travel time of the M4 is 12 minutes (only 3 minutes late night between Osterport and Orientkaj stations). In 2009, the metro transported 50 million passengers, or 137,000 per day; by 2013, the metro's ridership increased to 55 million. The metro operates with
6536-561: The Ørestad Development Corporation and 30% by Frederiksberg Municipality. The third stage would be built by Østamagerbaneselskabet I/S, established in September 1995 and owned 55% by the Ørestad Development Corporation and 45% by Copenhagen County . In October 1996, a contract was signed with the Copenhagen Metro Construction Group (COMET) for building the lines (Civil Works), and with Ansaldo STS for delivery of technological systems and trains, and to operate
6622-491: Was abandoned, as the interchange chamber between any such line and the City Circle Line was scrapped as part of the City of Copenhagen's 2009 budget. In subsequent plans, the northern extension of the M4 was instead relocated as a Nordhavn branch which connects with the City Circle Line at Østerport . The Nordhavn extension with two stations opened on 28 March 2020. The southern extension of the M4 will run from Copenhagen Central Station through Sydhavn to Ny Ellebjerg , where
6708-450: Was commonplace for geological sensors to be deployed in the general vicinity to monitor ground movements for the purpose of protecting buildings and other structures in the city. During 2014, the line's control and maintenance centre buildings were completed (at Vasbygade, 55°39′30″N 12°32′57″E / 55.65833°N 12.54917°E / 55.65833; 12.54917 ). That same year, various other works were finished, including
6794-605: Was completed in September 1998, and the TBMs moved to Havnegade. By December 1998, work had started on the initial nine stations. Plans for M2 were presented to the public in April 1999, with a debate emerging if the proposed elevated solution was the best. In May, the first trains were delivered, and trial runs began at the depot. In December, the tunnels were completed to Strandlodsvej, and the TBMs were moved to Havnegade, where they started to grind towards Frederiksberg. From 1 January 2000,
6880-419: Was completed. An agreement about financing stage 3 was reached on 12 April. By 22 May, the 18 delivered trains had test-run 100,000 km (62,000 miles). The section from Nørreport to Lergravsparken and Vestamager was opened on 19 October 2002. Initially, the system had a 12-minute headway on each of the two services. From 3 December this was reduced to 9 minutes, and from 19 December to 6 minutes. Operation of
6966-477: Was deemed not economical. The increased cost was, in part, due to an extra TBM being needed to complete the project on time. The City Circle Line was passed by parliament on 1 June 2007, with only the Red–Green Alliance voting in disfavor. The 4.5 km (2.8-mile) stage 3 opened on 28 September 2007, from Lergravsparken to the airport. It followed, for the most part, the route of the former Amager Line of
7052-492: Was delayed because of a procedural error by Metroselskabet, who failed to pre-qualify DSB Metro. An expansion of the metro, the City Circle Line, is current and opened on 29 September 2019. Independent of the existing system, it circles the city centre and connects the areas of Østerbro , Nørrebro and Vesterbro to Frederiksberg and Indre By . The line is 15.5 km (9.6 miles) long and runs entirely in tunnel. The circle has 17 stations, two of which are interchanges with both
7138-400: Was estimated at 11.5 to 18.3 billion Danish krone (DKK), of which DKK 5.4 billion will be financed though ticket sales, and the remaining from the state and municipalities. In 2006, it was announced that the contract with Ansaldo to operate the metro had been prolonged another three years. However, the subcontract between Ansaldo and Serco Group was not extended, and the contract
7224-529: Was extended to the rest of the week. This caused a logistical challenge, because Metro Service used the nights for maintenance. The routes were therefore set up in such a way that the system could be operated on only a single track, leaving the other free for work. In May 2009, six companies were pre-qualified to bid for the public service obligation to operate the metro. These were Serco-NedRailways , Ansaldo STS , Arriva , S-Bahn Hamburg , Keolis and DSB Metro—a joint venture between DSB and RATP . The process
7310-399: Was instead given to Azienda Trasporti Milanesi in joint venture with Ansaldo; they took over operations from October 2007. The Ørestad Development Corporation was discontinued in 2007, and the ownership of the metro was transferred to Metroselskabet I/S. In January 2007, the city council decided that a branch was to be built during construction at Nørrebro, to allow a future branch line from
7396-521: Was spurred by the development of the Ørestad area of Copenhagen. The principle of building a rail transit was passed by the Parliament of Denmark on 24 June 1992, with the Ørestad Act . The responsibility for developing the area, as well as building and operating the metro, was given to the Ørestad Development Corporation , a joint venture between Copenhagen Municipality (45%) and the Ministry of Finance (55%). Initially, three modes were considered:
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