Corato ( Barese : Quaràte ) is a town and comune in Italy . It is located in the Metropolitan City of Bari , Apulia , in southeastern Italy. Founded by the Normans , it became subject to Alfonso V , king of Aragon , at the end of the 15th century, and later to the Carafa family. The chief feature of the old town centre, which is surrounded by modern buildings, is the Romanesque church. It is a twin city of Grenoble , France , where many Coratini immigrated during the 20th century.
22-397: Corato was founded in 1046 by Peter I of Trani , adding a castle, four angular towers, the perimeter enclosing walls, four access gates, and two main perpendicular streets. These elements, typical of a mediaeval town, were preserved until the 16th century. From the 17th century onwards, Corato grew beyond its historic center, and numerous churches and aristocratic palaces were built. Corato
44-539: A colony for its strategical position between Apulia and Lucania . No fewer than 20,000 men were sent there, owing to its military importance. Throughout the Hannibalic wars, it remained faithful to Rome , and had a further contingent of colonists sent in 200 BC to replace its losses in the war. In 190 BC the Appian Way was extended to the town. Some coins of Venusia of this period exist. It took part in
66-496: A duel . More likely he was just taken captive, since he and Humphrey jointly led a Norman army against Argyrus in 1053. Argyrus had travelled with his troops by ship to Siponto . There he was defeated, suffering heavy losses and, being severely wounded himself, barely escaped to Viesti , according to the Anonymus Barensis (§152). Peter is recorded by Amatus of Montecassino as entering Melfi again in 1057 to dispute
88-649: A castle built here where a Lombard outpost existed before, which was to house the Treasury (Ministry of Finances) of the Kingdom of Sicily . Frederick's son, Manfred of Sicily , was perhaps born here in 1232. After the latter's fall, the Hohenstaufens were replaced by the Angevines ; King Charles of Anjou assigned Venosa as a county to his son Robert. After a series of different feudal lords, Venosa became
110-524: A possession of the Orsini in 1453. Count Pirro Del Balzo , who had married Donata Orsini, built a new castle (1460–1470) and a cathedral. Then, during Aragonese rule, the Gesualdo family, which included the notorious prince and musician Carlo Gesualdo , took control in 1561. Despite the plague that had reduced its population from the 13,000 of 1503 to 6,000, Venosa had a flourishing cultural life under
132-601: A preference for Jewish symbols such as the menorah . Despite this distinct identity, the community actively engaged with broader society, with Jewish officials holding public positions in the town. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire , Venusia was sacked by the Heruls , and in 493 AD it was turned into the administrative centre of the area in the Ostrogothic kingdom of Italy, although later this role
154-458: A set of catacombs , likely built and used between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. When the catacombs fell out of use, local Jews began burying their deceased on the hill atop the catacombs, with some tombstones dating back to the 9th century still visible, repurposed into the walls of a church nearby. Inscriptions, primarily in Greek and Latin, exhibit a transition to Hebrew , while artistic themes show
176-541: Is twinned with: Peter I of Trani Peter I (born before 1020), also known as Petronius ( French : Pierron and Italian : Petrone or Pietrone ), was the first Norman count of Trani . He was one of the most prominent of the twelve leaders of the Norman mercenaries serving Guaimar IV of Salerno . Though it had not yet been conquered from the Byzantine Empire , Peter received Trani in
198-470: Is a town and comune in the province of Potenza , in the southern Italian region of Basilicata , in the Vulture area . It is bounded by the comuni of Barile , Ginestra , Lavello , Maschito , Montemilone , Palazzo San Gervasio , Rapolla and Spinazzola . It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). The city was known as Venusia ("City of Venus ") to
220-476: Is now an agricultural and industrial centre of the hinterland of Bari, located 43 kilometres (27 mi) west from it and at 232 metres (761 ft) above sea level. The town is well-known olive production, and is the source of the name of the Coratina olive. On 12 July 2016, a head-on collision between two passenger trains occurred near Corato. At least 23 people were killed and dozens more injured. Corato
242-720: The Prosopography of the Byzantine World and is identified there with the son of Amicus, that is, Peter I, though other source believe the Petronius of 1053 was Peter II. "Petronius" is an augmentative of Peter, and indicates greatness (probably of stature). Peter I's relationship to his son Geoffrey is mentioned in Lupus Protospatharius . Peter's eldest son, Amicus, is barely known. Venosa Venosa ( Lucano : Vënòsë [və'noʊzə] )
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#1732794165174264-548: The Emirate of Sicily . In battle he was usually found beside William Iron Arm , the leader and first count of the Normans of Melfi. After the division of 1042 Peter fortified the region around Trani, building new cities at Andria and Corato and re-fortifying Bisceglie and Barletta , as recorded by the chronicler William of Apulia (book II, lines 30–32): In 1046 he made his first assault on Trani, succeeding in capturing
286-559: The Social War , and was recaptured by Quintus Metellus Pius ; it then became a municipium , but in 43 BC its territory was assigned to the veterans of the triumvirs , and it became a colony once more. Horace was born here in 65 BC. His father's estate in Venusia was confiscated by Augustus after his victory in the civil wars for the settlement of veterans, like many others throughout Italy. It remained an important place under
308-690: The Empire as a station on the Via Appia , though Theodor Mommsen 's description of it as having branch roads to Aequum Tuticum and Potentia , and Kiepert's maps annexed to the volume, do not agree with one another. During Late Antiquity , Venosa housed the second-largest Jewish community in Italy, following Rome. While specific founding dates are elusive, evidence suggests Jews resided in Venosa for centuries. The Jews of Venosa initially buried their dead in
330-571: The Gesualdos: apart from the famous Carlo, other relevant figures of the period include the poet Luigi Tansillo (1510–1580) and the jurist Giovanni Battista De Luca (1614–1683). Venosa took part in the revolt of Masaniello in 1647. The Gesualdos were in turn followed by the Ludovisi and the Caracciolo families. Home to a traditionally strong republican tradition, Venosa had a role in
352-569: The Normans' division of Apulia made at Melfi in 1042. In that same division his brother Walter received Civitate . Peter probably arrived in southern Italy around 1035. It is unknown if Peter was in fact from Normandy; he may have been a Breton or a Frenchman . His father, Amicus (Amico), may have been a relative of the Hautevilles or married to one. In 1038 Peter participated in the Byzantine campaign led by George Maniakes against
374-720: The Romans, who credited its establishment—as Aphrodisia ("City of Aphrodite ")—to the Homeric hero Diomedes . He was said to have moved to Magna Graecia in southern Italy following the Trojan War , seeking a life of peace and building the town and its temples to appease the anger of Aphrodite for the destruction of her beloved Troy . The town was taken by the Romans after the Third Samnite War in 291 BC and became
396-589: The monastery of the Santissima Trinità in Venosa for fishing on the Mar Piccolo , the bay of Taranto . Peter's youngest son, Peter II , likewise confirmed this donation pro remedio anime (ejus) ("for the health of [their father's] soul"). Peter I had not taken Trani by the time of his death. He is sometimes confused with his son Peter. The "count Petrone" who defeated Argyrus in 1053 has an entry in
418-660: The peasant revolts and the Carbonari movement of the early 19th century. A true civil war between baronial powers and supporters of the peasants' rights broke out in 1849, being harshly suppressed by the Neapolitan troops.(See Sicilian revolution of independence of 1848 .) In 1861, after the fall of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies during the Italian unification , Venosa was occupied by some bands of brigands under
440-426: The suburbs and environs but not the city itself, which was defended by Argyrus , a former Norman ally. The Tranesi themselves were Byzantine partisans, with no sympathy for the Normans. In 1046 Peter was also a candidate to succeed William. According to William of Apulia, though he was the wealthier candidate he was confronted at Melfi by William's brothers Humphrey and Drogo , who supposedly mortally wounded him in
462-473: The succession with Drogo's younger brother Robert Guiscard . According to the same source the Melfitans rebelled against him and he fled to Cisterna . Peter and Guiscard must have made peace, however, as Amatus records that the former's two daughters were found wealthy husbands by the latter. In 1064, Peter's second son Geoffrey refers to his father as magni comitis Petroni in an act donating one ship to
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#1732794165174484-632: Was moved to Acerenza . The Lombards made it a gastaldate in 570/590. In 842 Venosa was sacked by the Saracens , who were later ousted by Emperor Louis II . Next rulers in the 9th century were the Byzantines , who lost control of it after their defeat in 1041 by the Normans . Under the latter, Venosa was assigned to Drogo of Hauteville . In 1133 the town was sacked and set on fire by Roger II of Sicily . His later successor Frederick II had
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