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40-671: Corehouse is a country house and estate, located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the south of Lanark , Scotland. The estate is by the Corra Linn Falls on the River Clyde , and close to the World Heritage Site of New Lanark . The house was designed by Sir Edward Blore for George Cranstoun, Lord Corehouse , and was completed in 1827. The Corehouse estate was owned in 1799 by the Misses Edmonson, and

80-642: A 15th-century fortified farmhouse built by the Bannatyne family, stand close to Corehouse and by the Corra Linn Falls, defended by cliffs on three sides. The ruins comprise the remains of a tower with basement cellars, and a small courtyard to its east. 55°39′18″N 3°46′40″W  /  55.6549°N 3.7778°W  / 55.6549; -3.7778 Lanark Lanark ( / ˈ l æ n ər k / LAN -ərk ; Scottish Gaelic : Lannraig [ˈl̪ˠaun̪ˠɾɪkʲ] ; Scots : Lanrik )

120-532: A Georgian house stood on the site. By 1824 the estate was in the possession of the advocate George Cranstoun, a grandson of the 5th Lord Cranstoun . On the recommendation of his friend Sir Walter Scott , Cranstoun commissioned the architect Edward Blore to design a new house, which was completed in 1827. Cranstoun later took the title Lord Corehouse when he was appointed to the College of Justice . Blore's design, executed in an "Elizabethan Cotswold manor house style"

160-485: A circular plan. Some bastides were not so geometrically planned: "The block geometry of the bastides was not a rigid framework into which a town was squeezed; it resembles more closely a net, thrown upon the site and adapting to its nuances," Randolph remarks. Most bastides were built in the Lot-et-Garonne , Dordogne , Gers and Haute-Garonne départements of France, because of the altitude and quality of

200-534: A largely Celtic country, and would be established in such a way as to encourage the development of trade within their area. These new towns were to be known as Burghs. Bastides were established in France for much the same reason. When a site had been selected for a new town the King's surveyors would lay out an area for the town's market. Each merchant who came to the town was granted a plot of land (usually rent free for

240-646: A reception party in the town's Memorial Hall on the Friday night, where children perform songs and dances. William Wallace is one of the most notable people in Lanark's history. A key leader in the Scottish Wars of Independence , he is known to have first "drawn his sword to free his native land" at Lanark in 1297 , killing the English sheriff Haselrig. An 8-foot statue of Wallace sits on St Nicholas Church at

280-491: Is a town in South Lanarkshire , Scotland, located 20 kilometres to the south-east of Hamilton . The town lies on the River Clyde , at its confluence with Mouse Water . In 2016, the town had a population of 9,050. Lanark was a royal burgh from 1140 to 1975, and was historically the county town of Lanarkshire , though in modern times this title belongs to Hamilton. Notable landmarks nearby include New Lanark ,

320-533: Is believed to come from the Cumbric Lanerc meaning "clear space, glade". Lanark has served as an important market town since medieval times, and King David I made it a royal burgh in 1140, giving it certain mercantile privileges relating to government and taxation . David I realised that greater prosperity could result from encouraging trade. He decided to create a chain of new towns across Scotland. These would be centres of Norman civilisation in

360-416: Is one example at Tournay with a size of 70 metres (230 ft) by 72 m (236 ft)). Single-axis: The single-axis design of the bastide makes all roads run in one direction and are parallel. Here and there, there are alleys cut between the roads. The square is placed between two roads. These squares are usually 50 m (164 ft) to 55 m (180 ft) on each side. Grid-layout; usually based on

400-694: The Clydesdale North ward which elects three representatives to South Lanarkshire Council . In elections to the Scottish Parliament , Lanark elects its representatives as part of the Clydesdale constituency , and also contributes to the election of seven additional list members as part of the South of Scotland region . The current Clydesdale MSP is Aileen Campbell of the SNP, who defeated

440-516: The Corra Linn and the site of Lanark Castle . Lanark railway station and bus interchange have frequent services to Glasgow . There is little industry in Lanark and some residents commute to work in Glasgow and Edinburgh . Its shops serve the local agricultural community and surrounding villages. There is a large modern livestock auction market on the outskirts of the town. The town's name

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480-701: The European Parliament . There are 14 historical closes or vennels in the town - alleyways allowing access to the High street. Some are named after an original shop owner, one is named Wallace close as it depicts key moments of William Wallace's life in Lanark Visitors to the town can visit the nearby World Heritage Site of New Lanark , close to the Falls of Clyde , the Corehouse estate and

520-584: The Scottish Wildlife Trust's Corehouse Nature Reserve . The Lanark Museum is located in West Port, inside the YMCA building. A large boating lake, Lanark Loch , adjoins Lanark Golf Club which has a lovely and historic 18 hole course for more experienced golf players and a 9-hole golf course. The former racecourse now offers pony-trekking activities. The town's Castlebank Park lies near

560-469: The Treaty of Paris (1229) . Fortifications were added later and were paid for through a special tax or carried out through a law that required the people of the city to help build the walls. A good example is Libourne. Ten years after the city was founded, the people asked for money to build city walls. Once they had received the money, they spent it on making their city prettier, rather than building walls. At

600-685: The Labour incumbent Karen Gillon in the 2011 election after Gillon had held the seat since 1999. In Westminster elections , Lanark is part of the Lanark and Hamilton East constituency. Labour's Jimmy Hood represented the area in Parliament from 1987 until 2015; since then the MP has been Angela Crawley . Prior to Brexit in 2020, the town was part of the Scotland constituency which elected six MEPs to

640-697: The Lord Cornets past and present as they inspect the border-stones. Traditionally, the townspeople carry "birks" (Scots for "sticks of birch"), which are small branches of birch trees cut from the woods at the Glenburnie estate. This tradition was started in 1948 by Joseph Doolan, whose family owned the land. The other half of the boundary is inspected on the Wednesday night, again led by the Lord Cornet accompanied by many local riders who participate in

680-744: The Riding of the Marches, locally referred to as the Rideout. On the Thursday morning, schools and other organisations parade before the Lanimer Queen in themed dress, accompanied by pipe bands . The best Lanimer Lorries win prizes, and after the parade the crowning of the Queen takes place on a temporary stand erected in front of St Nicholas' Church, under the statue of William Wallace . The Queen holds

720-437: The bastide's lands. The bastide hall and the church were often first constructed of wood. After the bastide was established, they were replaced by structures of stone. Scholarly debate has taken place over the definition of a bastide. They are now generally described as any town planned and built as a unit, by one founder. Most bastides were developed with a grid layout of intersecting streets, with wide thoroughfares that divide

760-408: The bastide. Feudal rights were invested in the sovereign, with the local lord retaining some duties as enforcer of local justice and intermediary between the new inhabitants— required to build houses within a specified time, often a year, and the representatives of the sovereign. Residents were granted a houselot, a kitchen garden lot ( casale ), and a cultivable lot ( arpent ) on the periphery of

800-591: The beginning of the Hundred Years' War , many bastides that had no city walls were destroyed. Some of the others quickly built stone walls to protect the city. Ease of tax collection was another reason for the grid layout, as the village was taxable module by module, and the organized central area. The bastides' forms resulted from "the friction engendered by interaction, expedience, pragmatism, legal compromise, and profit," Adrian Randolph observed in 1995. More rarely, such planned cities were developed according to

840-416: The bottom of the high street. The church bell is believed to date from 1110, and may be one of the oldest church bells in the world. It was moved from The Old Church of St Kentigern when St. Nicholas Church was built in 1774. It has been recast four times, including 1659 and 1983. There is an 8-foot (2.45 m) statue of William Wallace in the steeple. This was sculpted by Robert Forrest, from an ancient drawing in

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880-494: The east of Lanark Tolbooth on a permanent basis. One of the churches in the town bears the name of The Old Church of St Kentigern (perhaps better known as St Mungo ), who set up many medieval churches in the Scottish Lowlands , including Glasgow , and died c.612 AD. The town's cemetery stands on the site of The Old Church of St Kentigern, and includes many Covenanter graves. St. Nicholas Parish Church stands at

920-409: The façades of the houses. Alleys run between streets, these are usually only 5–6 m (16–20 ft) wide. Sometimes, they are only 2–2.5 m (6 ft 7 in – 8 ft 2 in) wide. In a bastide there were usually between one and eight streets. When bastides were founded, most had no city walls or fortifications because it was a peaceful time in history, and walls were prohibited by

960-504: The façades, had to line up. Also, there had to be a small space between the houses. The different housing lots were all alike, 8 m (26 ft) by 24 m (79 ft) being a common size. There were only a limited number of lots. This varied between ten and several thousand (3,000 in Grenade-sur-Garonne) The streets were usually 6–10 m (20–33 ft) wide, so a chariot could pass through. They ran alongside

1000-411: The first few years) bordering on the marketplace. These plots were known as feus or in royal burghs such as Lanark as burgages. Each burgage in a burgh was the same size, though the size varied between burghs. In Forres in the north of Scotland each feu was 24 feet 10 inches (7.57 m) wide and 429 feet (131 m) deep. The layout of the burgages in Lanark can still be easily seen between

1040-522: The former site of Lanark Castle , and allows access to the River Clyde and the Clyde Walkway . An ornate gas lamp, known as the provost 's lamp stands at the bottom of the High Street. After the burgh council was abolished in 1975, the provost's lamp, which had historically been placed outside the house of the provost as one of their marks of office, was relocated to the pavement just to

1080-416: The local lord and became free men and the development of bastides contributed to the waning of feudalism . The new inhabitants were encouraged to cultivate the land around the bastide, which, in turn, attracted trade in the form of merchants and markets. The lord taxed dwellings in the bastides and all trade in the market. The legal footing on which the bastides were set was that of paréage with

1120-402: The local ruling power, based on a formal written contractual agreement between the landholder and a count of Toulouse , a king of France , or a king of England . The landholder might be a cartel of local lords or the abbot of a local monastery. Responsibilities and benefits were carefully framed in a charter , which delineated the franchises ('liberties') and coutumes ('customs') of

1160-503: The north side of Lanark High Street (the former market place) and North Vennel, a lane which runs behind the burgages. A motte and bailey castle was also constructed at the bottom of Castlegate. Lanark had four town gates, West Port, East port, Wellgate and Castlegate. West Port gate was demolished in the 1770s. The first aviation meeting to be held in Scotland was held at Lanark Racecourse between 6 and 13 August 1910. This location

1200-706: The possession of the Society of Antiquaries. This historic background forms the basis for the Lanark Lanimers , which take place each year for one week in June. Local primary schoolchildren elect a Lanimers queen and court; and a Lord Cornet is chosen from local businessmen. On the Monday night the Perambulation of the Marches takes place, when townspeople turn out to walk around half the town boundary, following

1240-463: The square in Montauban. Generally the flattest place in the bastide was used for the square. The church was almost never on the central square but usually at an angle, facing the square diagonally. One of the rare exceptions is Villefranche-de-Rouergue but this one was built two centuries after the square. There were clear rules how houses could be built inside the bastide. The front of the houses,

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1280-674: The terms of the Treaty of Paris (1229) , which permitted Raymond VII of Toulouse to build new towns in his shattered domains but not to fortify them. When the Capetian Alphonse of Poitiers inherited, under a marriage stipulated by the treaty, this " bastide founder of unparalleled energy" consolidated his regional control in part through the founding of bastides . Landowners supported development of bastides to generate revenues from taxes on trade rather than tithes (taxes on production). Farmers who elected to move their families to bastides were no longer vassals of

1320-531: The time was not advanced enough to safely fly there. The Lanark meeting took place shortly after a similar event in Bournemouth at which Charles Rolls died. Influenced by this, it was decided that no aircraft would fly closer than 300 yards (270 m) away from the spectators. For the first time, aeroplanes were accurately timed over a straight measured distance, allowing the first world records to be set, covering flights over 1 mile (1.6 km). The meeting

1360-609: The town cross dating back to 1817 which was sculpted by Carluke-born Robert Forrest . Other notable figures from Lanark include: Bastides Some of the first bastides were built under Raymond VII of Toulouse to replace villages destroyed in the Albigensian Crusade . He encouraged the construction of others to colonize the wilderness, especially of southwest France. Almost 700 bastides were built between 1222 ( Cordes-sur-Ciel , Tarn) and 1372 (La Bastide d'Anjou, Tarn). Bastides were developed in number under

1400-411: The town plan into insulae , or blocks, through which a narrow lane often runs. They included a central market square surrounded by arcades ( couverts ) through which the axes of thoroughfares passed, with a covered weighing and measuring area. The market square often provided the module into which the bastide is subdivided. The Roman model, the castrum with its grid plan and central forum ,

1440-417: Was chosen because the land was relatively flat, the racecourse already had facilities for a paying public, there were stables to act as hangars for the aeroplanes and the racecourse was accessible by both road and by rail, especially as The Caledonian Railway Company were prepared to construct a new station near the main entrance. The aeroplanes were transported to the meeting by rail, as aviation technology at

1480-458: Was described by The Aero magazine as 'the most successful yet held in Britain'. A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of Winston Barracks in the 1930s. On 29 June 1953, Queen Elizabeth II visited Lanark to mark her coronation. The citizens of Lanark form part of various different constituencies. In local elections, they are the main component of

1520-471: Was inescapable in a region since Roman planning precedents survived in medieval cities such as Béziers , Narbonne , Toulouse , Orange and Arles . The region of the bastides had been one of the last outposts of Late Antiquity in the West. The main feature of all bastides is a central, open place, or square. It was used for markets, but also used for political and social gatherings. A typical square, (which

1560-685: Was influential on the development of country house architecture in England and Scotland, including the work of William Burn . Corehouse is a category A listed building , and its grounds form part of the Falls of Clyde site which is listed in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland . Part of the estate was given to the Scottish Wildlife Trust , to form the Corehouse Nature Reserve . The remains of Corra Castle ,

1600-478: Was probably a model for other bastides), can be found in Montauban. Generally, there is just one square. Saint-Lys and Albias are different because they have two squares, one for the market and one square for the church. The square is also used to divide the city into quarters. Generally, it lies outside the main street (the axis) which carried the traffic. There are three possible layouts: Completely closed: The square does not touch any street. These are very rare; there

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