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78-480: Membership to the fraternity is open to honorable men studying at one of Freiburg 's universities and based exclusively on personality, good moral standing, and strength of character. Members of the Corps Hubertia value and engage in the tradition of academic fencing duels as a way to sharpen and prove their character under pressure. Continuing a practice dating back into the 1700s, Hubertia's members wear

156-600: A Zirkel and at times even specific coat of arms associated with the student society in question. A lot of societies distinguish two types of ribbons. One is used by the new members (so called Fux or Fuchs , after the German "fox", or schacht in Flanders, a word borrowed from the military, where it meant "new recruit"), the other one is used by the elder members (so called Bursche or, if with degree, Alter Herr ; in Flanders elders members are ouderejaars ). The ribbons of

234-423: A code of conduct , and has various elements such as valour , chivalry , honesty , and compassion . It is an abstract concept entailing a perceived quality of worthiness and respectability that affects both the social standing and the self-evaluation of an individual or of institutions such as a family, school, regiment, or nation. Accordingly, individuals (or institutions) are assigned worth and stature based on

312-553: A court of honour ) and in organisations with a military ethos, such as Scouting organisations (which also feature "Courts of Honour" ). Honour in the case of sexuality frequently relates, historically, to fidelity : preservation of "honour" equates primarily to maintenance of the virginity of singles and to the exclusive monogamy of the remainder of the population. Further conceptions of this type of honour vary widely between cultures; some cultures regard honour killings of (mostly female) members of one's own family as justified if

390-424: A social contract : members of society give up some aspects of their freedom to defend themselves and to retaliate for injuries, on the understanding that society will apprehend and punish transgressors. An alternative to government enforcement of laws is community or individual enforcement of social norms. One way that honour functions is through reputation . In a system where there is no court that will authorise

468-487: A fencing duel with sharp blades if challenged, became part of the fraternity's charter in 1886 and every member's tradition. This step further intensified the number and quality of academic fencing duels of Hubertia's fraternity members. When the department of forestry moved from Karlsruhe to Freiburg im Breisgau , Hubertia settled in Freiburg and became Corps on November 27, 1920. After a short acquaintance period with

546-551: A grand ceremony, Hubertia thus had, 53 years after her inception, become a full member Corps of the Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband (KSCV). Members of dueling fraternities (fraternities practicing academic fencing) were highly respected during the time of the German Empire , 1871 to 1918, both in general terms as well as holding public offices. This started to change slowly during times for

624-481: A perception akin to Orientalism . Pre-modern societies may tend to "honour" more than do contemporary industrial societies. Saint Anselm of Canterbury ( c.  1033–1109 ) in Cur Deus Homo extended the concept of honour from his own feudal society to postulate God's honour. An emphasis on the importance of honour exists in such traditional institutions as the military (serving officers may conduct

702-572: A rhetoric, or set of possible actions, than as a code. Honour as a code of behaviour defines the duties of an individual within a social group. Margaret Visser observes that in an honour-based society "a person is what he or she is in the eyes of other people". A code of honour differs from a legal code, also socially defined and concerned with justice, in that honour remains implicit rather than explicit and objectified. One can distinguish honour from dignity , which Wordsworth assessed as measured against an individual's conscience rather than against

780-460: A tradition of forestry and fencing . As, currently, the oldest fraternity sharing Corps Hubertia Freiburg's traditions, Corps Hubertia München is giving up on the tradition of forestry and hunting, Hubertia is set to become the oldest fraternity in Europe keeping these values alive. When Baden-Württemberg 's Minister of Justice and Vice-Ministerpresedent and Corps Hubertia's alumni Ulrich Goll [de]

858-445: A very high standing within the fraternity. Many of the alumni provide the hunting location and hospitality to members as well as invited guests, often organizing joint events with the younger members from Freiburg. The tradition strengthens bonds across different age groups and usually forms and deepens lifelong friendships. Corps form relationships with each other that are the basis for regular visits and various forms of support between

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936-582: A violation of the legal concept of human rights ; for example, they may outlaw vigilante or individual justice-taking. Thinkers ranging from Plato to Montesquieu have remarked upon the mindset needed for a culture of honour. Historians have examined the culture of honour in the American South . Social scientists have looked at specialised subcultures such as South Asian Muslims in Britain. Others have compared multiple modern nations. From

1014-425: A year of work and covers information from flora and fauna to legal and safety issues as well as the proper way to handle and successfully apply firearms, in essence delivering a "forestry light" course. Most of the participants are students at the local universities, studying subjects from Algebra over Medicine, and Law to Engineering. Hunting in general and the experience with other Corps brothers specifically has

1092-532: Is honour killing . Dueling and vengeance at a family level can result in a sustained feud . Honour-based cultures are also known as honour-shame cultures and are contrasted with guilt cultures on the guilt-shame-fear spectrum of cultures . Cultures of honour are often conservative, encoding pre-modern traditional family values and duties. In some cases these values clash with those of post- sexual revolution and egalitarian societies. Cultures of law sometimes consider practices in honour cultures to be unethical or

1170-400: Is awarded for the combination of extraordinary accomplishments in academia, involvement for the fraternity and proven leadership on local and, preferentially, national level. An average of five medals is awarded each year nation-wide , chosen by a joint alumni committee of KSCV and WSC representatives. The award indirectly reflects back at the fraternity, showing leaders in their field among

1248-474: Is done around sun-down to soak up what nature has to offer from dusk 'till dawn. The lodge provides means for relaxation, recreation and meditation without iPhones and computers. In alphabetic order. Links to the German Misplaced Pages are in process of being translated and currently indicated with "ge" . Part of the more comprehensive list of German Student Corps members . The Klinggräff-Medal

1326-405: Is that the report itself speaks in a critical, if not negative, tone where Krutina denies Wiser any passion for his work: He refers to him as a mediocre hunter, something that is unlikely to be said between friends portraying each other outside. If there would have been unfair connections between members of Hubertia, then Krutina's report would likely have resulted in a more positive view of Wiser and

1404-525: Is the expression used in Central European Studentenverbindungen for the various headgear and distinctive ribbons worn by members of these student societies. There are three classes of such student societies: The ribbon (so called Band ) is worn over the right shoulder to the left hip. Both ends are held together by a button, often fashioned from metal or porcelain. These buttons are often engraved or enameled with

1482-670: The Studentenverbindung Hubertia not yet as Corps as these were still forbidden under Allied control. The official Allied guideline was to make sure that "nothing Nazi" would be re-established post-war and student organizations were handled with care in general. Hubertia took the following two years to establish that it was her confrontation with Nazi-Germany that led to the former dissolution by choice and underground existence. In parallel, some of Hubertia's members moved from Bremen to Marburg as Freiburg university did not yet provide certain departments that early after

1560-719: The Weimar Republic , 1918 to 1933, even in local forestry departments. The finance minister of Baden , Heinrich Köhler , a politician belonging to the Deutschen Zentrumspartei (German Central Party) , demanded openly in the state senate that "Hubertia's members are to be extinct in Baden's state forestry duties and minteries" . We need to change the current forestry establishment using an iron fist. The central government seems factually and personally ossified, driven by state arrogance and with alumni members of

1638-403: The "dishonourable people" ( unehrliche Leute ) in early modern German society. Various sociologists and anthropologists have contrasted cultures of honour with cultures of law. A culture of law has a body of laws which all members of society must obey, with punishments for transgressors. This requires a society with the structures required to enact and enforce laws. A culture of law incorporates

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1716-560: The Catholic Cartellverband and the right-wing or nationalist Burschenschaften . The Corps, rooted in German idealism , expect their members to rise above personal religious or political affiliations, considering tolerance and individuality to be key tenets of each individual inside and outside of the fraternity. Their general political perception is cosmopolitan and conservative in nature, yet clearly distanced from

1794-413: The German Misplaced Pages are in process of being translated and currently indicated with "ge" . Impressions of Corps Hubertia's traditions outliving the times from the 19th to the 21st century. Honour Honour ( Commonwealth English ) or honor ( American English ; see spelling differences ) is a quality of a person that is of both social teaching and personal ethos , that manifests itself as

1872-633: The KSCV at the Godesburg the same year, 1951. The next years were ones of ensuring balance and normality for fraternities in Germany again. Hubertia became the leading Corps in 1966 with Hans-Joachim Hiebsch as the president of the oKC, the official Kösen Congregation. Today, Hubertia is the oldest fraternity in Baden-Württemberg and the second-oldest one in Germany that continues to practice

1950-585: The South of the country "are shown to be twice as likely to involve uses of force, last on average twice as long, and are three times more likely to end in victory for the United States than disputes under non-Southern presidents. Other characteristics of Southern presidencies do not seem able to account for this pattern of results." Couleur Couleur (from French, meaning colour in English )

2028-402: The area of what is Baden-Württemberg today, formed by combining the former states Baden and Württemberg during the post-war area in 1952. Hence, as there were roughly 240 forestry offices in the area of Baden-Württemberg in 1920, Hubertia had members managing about 1/3 of all the forestry offices in today's state borders. Köhler wanted to minimize this high number of Hubertens. His first step

2106-520: The basis of personal character and merit, before becoming eligible to be fully incorporated ( Rezeption ). The fraternity has approximately 255 members of all ages (including alumni) coming from or residing in Austria, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, France, Germany, South Africa, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States. Every full member is member for life. Hubertia's members value nature, and

2184-545: The basis of placing two equal opponents in front of each other. [...] This experience, and the intertwined need to overcome one's own fear, dedicated to the union of his Corps, and the connected strengthening of the sense of community aids the personal growth just as does taking a hit without losing one's stand and accepting the assessment of the Mensur by the own Corps Brothers. Hubertia defined its fraternity colors green-gold-black on February 7, 1897. These colors are worn in

2262-750: The bonds between the corps brothers at the same time. Hubertia's members identify themselves wearing the traditional Couleur , colored stripes, as well as caps and/or other specific garments at official occasions. This tradition known as "wearing colors" (German: Farben tragen ) provides means to recognize members of other fraternities and, likewise, identification for the corps brothers with each other and their traditions. Members are encouraged to have their own world view and be able to argue it; but Hubertia as such always remains neutral. The fraternity encourages freshly admitted (pledging "fox") members with diverse ethnic, national, religious and political backgrounds to prove themselves as valuable corps brothers, purely on

2340-465: The catholic men mentioned for offices in forestry provide evidence that religions orientation of applicants did not influence hiring decisions in Baden's forestry department. Furthermore, there was not one of Hubertia's members within the ranks of the forestry officers mentioned in Hasel's notes. Due to that, there was no verifiable connection between an applicant's religious orientation and his connection to

2418-540: The community as a way to punish bad behaviour and create an incentive for others to maintain their honour. If one's honour is questioned, it can thus be important to disprove any false accusations or slander . In some cultures, the practice of dueling arose as a means to settle such disputes firmly, though by physical dominance in force or skill rather than by objective consideration of evidence and facts. Honour can also imply duty to perform certain actions, such as providing for and disciplining one's children, serving in

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2496-474: The contemporary chief forester 's jacket typical for the Elsass , a former German region bordering France. This jacket is then combined with a Hirschfänger , a specific style of hunting dagger, on the side. The slogan Concordia parvae res crescunt, discordia maximae dilabuntur ("concord will make small things flourish, discord will destroy even the greatest") was adapted on August 23, 1870. It still defines

2574-479: The early 20th century. Many of the members today practice this heritage as passionate hunters in private and fraternity events. Like all Corps , Hubertia expects and practices tolerance in political , scientific and religious affairs. In historical and very general terms, German Student Corps students have traditionally been recruited from the social and nobleman elite, and appreciate the perception to be more elitist than other German student fraternities such as

2652-492: The elder members show the original or full colours of the society, where the ribbons of the new members often show a variation of them, such as displaying only two of the three main colours. In the Flemish tradition new members wear the full colours, but on the left shoulder, instead of the right. Mostly a cap (so called Mütze ) consists of: There are various forms of caps, e.g.: A special and seldom seen form of headgear

2730-437: The field; be it hunting as a team or deerstalking in a dusky Sunday evening, followed by hours spent together near the campfire: Hubertia provides some of life's experiences in its purest form. A Corps Alumni's ( Alter Herr ) ge hunting school offers courses to obtain the hunting license, with classes taking place at the fraternity house. This license, colloquially referred to as the "Green Diploma" does take about half

2808-441: The form a ribbon with a golden percussion (rim) diagonally across the chest, as it is typical for European fraternities. The common fraternity cap is the green Tellermütze or the more traditional Stürmer in dark-green. The freshly admitted (pledging "fox") members wear the two-colored ribbon in green-and-gold. To official fraternity events, some members might additionally wear a traditional green jacket, an adapted version of

2886-709: The fraternities. One of Hubertia's relationships, yet, is an exceptional one: The bond formed with the Corps Friso-Cheruskia (WSC) in Karlsruhe established a bridge between the two main Corps associations, the KSCV and the WSC . This bridging bond is unique for all Corps in Europe. Hubertia continued to form relationships with like-minded Corps, as elaborated in the following section. In chronological order. Links to

2964-415: The fraternity "Hubertia" calling the shots, untouchable now as then, and monopolizing the general direction the state is taking. Everywhere from local to state levels having the alumni of this fraternity ensured their ability to prevent outsiders from marginalizing them. In 1920, 118 of the 227 of Hubertia's living members were men in forestry (~1/2). Of these 118, 83 held a state or private forestry office in

3042-517: The fraternity members' association with each other and the way things are managed inside, as well as outside the fraternity, today. Hubertia was founded on Oktober 29, 1868 als association among students of forestry at the university Polytechnikum der Forstschule Karlsruhe . The colors green-gold-black were chosen to represent the fraternity's principles, and initially were not yet worn openly. The slogan Concordia parvae res crescunt, discordia maximae dilabuntur (understood as "strength through unity")

3120-672: The fraternity of Hubertia, when he ran for a public forestry office. The report on Duke Wiser, mentioned above, on the other hand confirms Hasels point of view: Duke von Wiser, who had been given administrative powers over the forestry department in Friedrichstal, had been a member of Hubertia since 1877. Krutina on the other hand, who originated the quoted report, was just as well a member of Hubertia. If one would assume that Kurtina sides with Wiser due to their connection within their common fraternity, then we should be able to deduct supportive words instead of criticism. What surprises though

3198-421: The fraternity of Hubertia. On the other hand, Hasel completely disproves Köhller's view: He points out that the view of Catholics only having gotten into higher office positions if they had been Hubertia's members must be false as access to Baden's office career track was not bound by confession. Catholic forestry office applicants were not hindered on their path, which is proven by several of personnel files. When

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3276-597: The fraternity's brothers. For more information see Klinggräff-Medaille ge at the Association of German Student Corps Alumni ge . Recipient of the Klinggräff-Medal for Corps Hubertia is: Hubertia's members are - quite literally - Brothers in Arms. Be it the proper handling of a fencing blade under the psychological and physical strains of the Mensur or the correct management of a hunting rifle out in

3354-536: The governing forestry manager Duke von Wiser of Meßkirch was set to become the head of the state forestry office in Karlsruhe, the then-governing manager reported on him (signed Krutina) that "he is a Catholic, but has an evangelical wife, who is daughter to a diseased forestry council head of Davans. Though he is a hunter, he does not pursue it with passion, as he lacks passion in general. So far he has done his uneasy duties well in Meßkirch and qualifies. This report and

3432-474: The harmony of their actions with a specific code of honour , and with the moral code of the society at large. Samuel Johnson , in his A Dictionary of the English Language (1755), defined honour as having several senses, the first of which was " nobility of soul, magnanimity , and a scorn of meanness ". This sort of honour derives from the perceived virtuous conduct and personal integrity of

3510-548: The herding of animals dominates an economy. In this situation, the geography is usually extensive, since the soil cannot support intensive sustained farming and thus large populations; the benefit of stealing animals from other herds is high, since animals are the main form of wealth; and there is no central law-enforcement or rule of law . However, cultures of honour can also appear in places like modern inner-city slums . The three conditions exist here as well: lack of resources (poverty); crime and theft have high rewards, compared to

3588-625: The individuals have "defiled the family's honour" by marrying against the family's wishes, usually for reasons such as refusing to enter an arranged marriage, having sex outside marriage, dressing in ways which are deemed inappropriate, or engaging in homosexual relations or even by becoming the victims of rape . Western observers generally see these honour killings as a way of men using the culture of honour to control female sexuality. Skinners , executioners , grave-diggers , shepherds , barber-surgeons , millers , linen-weavers , sow-gelders, latrine-cleaners , bailiffs and their families were among

3666-428: The judgement of a community. Compare also the sociological concept of "face" . In the early medieval period, a lord's or lady's honour was the group of manors or lands he or she held. "The word was first used indicating an estate which gave its holder dignity and status." For a person to say "on my honour" was not just an affirmation of his or her integrity and rank, but the veracity behind that phrase meant he or she

3744-432: The manifold ways to experience her. Enjoyed in good company and providing a benevolent Diana , hunting is tradition and it provides means to spend time among Corps Brothers of high standard. The object and purpose of the Corps was and still is solely the education of students to become a strong, free and cosmopolitan personality who is not held back by religious, racist, national, scientific or philosophical limitations of

3822-425: The military during war, contributing to local collective projects like building infrastructure, or exacting revenge in retaliation for acts one is directly harmed by. The concept of personal honour can be extended to family honour , which strengthens the incentives to follow social norms in two ways. First, the consequences of dishonourable actions (such as suicide or attempted robbery that results in death) outlive

3900-594: The mind. Three primary institutions within the fraternity aid with achieving this aim; including the Corpsconvent [regular council meetings of the Corps Brothers], the Kneipe [celebratory get-together of Corps Brothers with speeches, beer and songs], and today's Bestimmungsmensur [the event of academic fencing with sharp blades for the first or one of the first times], where the ones to fence are chosen on

3978-456: The other SC-Corps in Freiburg, the Corps Hubertia became a full member of the Freiburg's league of corps (SC) on February 2, 1921. Hubertia had 14 student members in Summer of 1920, a large number at that time, especially considering that they were all forestry students as all other members had to remain in Karlsruhe for the time being, as their departments had not moved and switching universities

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4056-522: The perpetrator, and negatively affect family members they presumably care about. Second, when one member of the family misbehaves, other members of the family are in the position to and are incentivised to strongly enforce the community norms. In strong honour cultures, those who do not conform may be forced or pressured into conformance and transgressors punished physically or psychologically. The use of violence may be collective in its character, where many relatives act together. An extreme form of punishment

4134-588: The person endowed with it. Johnson also defined honour in relationship to "reputation" and "fame"; to "privileges of rank or birth", and as "respect" of the kind which "places an individual socially and determines his right to precedence". This sort of honour is often not so much a function of moral or ethical excellence, as it is a consequence of power. Finally, with respect to sexuality, honour has traditionally been associated with (or identical to) "chastity" or "virginity", or in case of married men and women, "fidelity". Some have argued that honour should be seen more as

4212-563: The reach of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Mounties) seem to inherit a violent code of honour that drives their behaviour. Historian Norman Risjord emphasised the importance of honour as a cause of the War of 1812 , which the United States launched against Britain despite Britain's much more powerful naval and military strength. Americans of every political stripe saw the need to uphold national honour, and to reject

4290-488: The right-wing or nationalist views of the formerly mentioned Burschenschaften. Members of the Corps Hubertia value and practice the tradition of academic fencing duels, or " Mensur " in German, with members of other proper fraternities. Academic fencing, originating in the German school of fencing , is understood as a way to exercise good judgement and prove character, allowing the corps member to show his determination by standing one's ground under pressure, while enhancing

4368-665: The situation. When the position of the state's forestry minister and office head of Baden's forestry department was to be reappointed, Köhler intentionally decided against a member of Hubertia and put Karl Philipp in the position. Karl Phillip represented the so-called young forestry school and was knows to be very critical of the old establishment in Baden's forestry departments. He made many enemies with his destructive critique and his dogmatic lopsidedness, especially with his predecessors. With Philipp's assumption of office, two fractions developed within Baden's forestry departments. The young forest school , being under Philipp's management,

4446-670: The state forestry department and three had been the forestry president. Free and open-minded student organizations were a thorn in the National Socialist party's view of the world. Before coming to power, the national socialists had instituted the National Socialist German Students' League (NSDSB) that strove to be the one and only students' association. Once in power in 1933, Hitler's party started to ban independent fraternities and sororities in Germany. Similar to other Corps, Hubertia's reaction

4524-533: The strongest praise for America and swiftest recognition of what the young republic had achieved for American honor, prestige, and power came from within British naval circles." Britain refrained from interfering with American maritime interests and ceased with the impressment of American citizens following the war. A 2016 study suggests that honour culture increases the risk of war. The study found that international conflicts under U.S. presidents who were raised in

4602-425: The student members' convention ( Corpsburschen-Convent ge ), to file an application to enter Freiburg's League of Corps ( SC ge ). Following a short period of joint gatherings and duels in academic fencing with Freiburg's other Corps as well as an inspection of Hubertia's statutes, Corps Rhenania officially requested for Corps Hubertia to become an official member of the local SC on February 2, 1921. Culminating in

4680-409: The traditional Couleur , colored stripes, in green-gold-black. The fraternity teaches and expects tolerance from its members, stemming from diverse ethnic, national, religious and political backgrounds. Hubertia's members are often referred to as Huberten . Members of the fraternity controlled the forestry departments of Baden , the south-west of Germany, in a de facto monopoly from the late 1800s to

4758-489: The treatment of the United States by Britain as a third class nonentity. Americans talked incessantly about the need for force in response. This quest for honour was a major cause of the war in the sense that most Americans who were not involved in mercantile interests or threatened by Indian attack strongly endorsed the preservation of national honour. The humiliating attack by HMS Leopard against USS Chesapeake in June 1807

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4836-510: The use of force to guarantee the execution of contracts, an honourable reputation is very valuable to promote trust among transaction partners. To dishonour an agreement could be economically ruinous, because future potential transaction partners might stop trusting the party not to lie, steal their money or goods, not repay debts, mistreat the children they marry off, have children with other people, abandon their children, or fail to provide aid when needed. A dishonourable person might be shunned by

4914-565: The very limited alternatives; and law enforcement is generally lax or corrupt. Once a culture of honour exists in a society, its members find it difficult to make the transition to a culture of law, which requires that people become willing to back down and refuse to immediately retaliate. From the viewpoint of the culture of honour, the perceived humiliation of such an action makes personal restraint extremely difficult, as it reflects weakness and appeasement. One paper finds that present-day Canadians born in communities that historically lay outside

4992-582: The viewpoint of anthropologists, cultures of honour typically appear among nomadic peoples and among herdsmen who carry their most valuable property with them and risk having it stolen, without having recourse to law enforcement or to government . Due to the lack of strong institutions, cultivating a reputation for swift and disproportionate revenge increases the safety of one's person and property against aggressive actors. According to Richard Nisbett, cultures of honour will often arise when three conditions exist: Historically, cultures of honour exist where

5070-425: The war, Hubertia's alumni association was reactivated on May 20, 1946. Both, the members of the formerly established SC-Comradeship and the Association of Bremer Students (est. on Oct. 29, 1947 by members of Hubertia who had started alternative comradeships during the war) were formerly accepted into the fraternity on January 17, 1948. The students from Bremen officially moved to Freiburg that year and re-established

5148-461: The war. These members helped to re-establish, or reconstitute, the de:Corps Holsatia Kiel de , de:Corps Hansea Bonn de and de:Corps Suevia Straßburg de in Marburg . On November 14, 1950, Hubertia officially took the title Corps Hubertia back on. The League of Corps SC-Freiburg reconstituted in the following year with Hubertia, Rhenania and Suevia. Next, Hubertia helped to reconstitute

5226-419: Was a complicated procedure. The first weeks in Freiburg were filled with establishing regular meetings to celebrate or fence. Official fencing relationships, so-called Paukverhältnisse , were established with the other local Corps in Freiburg's league of corps (SC) and the fraternity Turnerschaft Markomanno-Albertia . Establishing this fencing relationship allowing regular fencing practice and duels to take place

5304-536: Was a decisive event. Historians documented the importance of honour in shaping public opinion in a number of states, including Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee, as well as the territory of Michigan. Americans widely celebrated the conclusion of the war as successful, especially after the spectacular defeat of the main British invasion army at New Orleans restored the American sense of honour. The British showed respect for American honour. "Some of

5382-529: Was back then the common procedure for a Corps to become a member of the local League of Corps at a university location, a tradition that has not changed to this day. This step was supported by the de:Corps Rhenania Freiburg ge and Corps Suevia Freiburg who were hoping to increase the number of students from Baden (lower Germany) to counteract the rising number of students from the north of Germany in Freiburg's fraternity landscape. The fraternity's alumni convention, Alte Herren Vereinigung in German, granted

5460-467: Was bought on Schlossbergstraße 7 in 1921 and served the fraternity through the troubled times before, during and shortly after WW II. The house was then torn down in 1968 and replaced with a new house at Fürstenbergstraße 23 in the south of Freiburg. Many fraternity members pay regular visits to the lodge higher up in the Black Forest mountains near Freiburg. Traditionally, the last hour of the hike

5538-451: Was defined in 1870, influencing the fraternities members' connections up to this day. Then, on Oktober 18, 1874, the fraternity was opened up to students outside of forestry and Couleur became part of every Corps brother's daily routine on Juni 7, 1875. Shortly after that, a local fencing club was established at the fraternity's location in 1876. The so-called compulsory satisfaction , meaning everyone's duty to keep or regain one's honor in

5616-551: Was first to go underground and exist as a so-called "association among Freiburg's fencing circle" instead of being referred to as a Corps. As pressure increased, Hubertia's members chose the official self-liquidation ( Selbst-Suspension ) on May 18, 1936 to avoid discovery or annexation to the NSDSB. To still provide means for Hubertia's Corps student and Alumni members to meet, the SC-Comradeship Hermann Löns

5694-671: Was formed together with representatives from other Corps in Freiburg. This comradeship allowed fraternity members to remain undiscovered during congregations and to continue their practice of academic fencing, which had become strictly forbidden and could, when discovered, lead to capital punishment in Nazi Germany at that point in time. The meeting place remained Hubertia's fraternity house. While partially interrupted due to heightened pressure of nazi espionage, fencing Mensur duels continued and even intensified from 1941 on, with over 100 of such duels happening during World War II. Following

5772-409: Was interviewed by local and national media about his relationship to guns, media focused on his fraternity background too and the value that hunting has in our society. Since 1945, Hubertia's members were essential for the reconstruction / re-endowment of the following Corps: In chronological order with the links in German indicated with "ge" . The original house in Freiburg "Zum Felsenkeller"

5850-468: Was originally one between Catholics and more Protestant, Bismark-oriented and Prussia-friendly group of people, Hubertia was caught in the middle. Becker was a politician of the catholic Centrum party and openly voiced that Catholics only made it into higher offices in the area of Baden-Württemberg when they had been members of Hubertia. This can be understood as a typical statement during the cultural war ( Kulturkampf ) with Köhler voicing his antipathy towards

5928-441: Was supported by younger forestry officers; while none of the older ones openly sided with Philipp. With a majority of Hubertia's members belonging to the conservative and older members within Baden's forestry departments, this had to hurt long-term, as indicated in several publications and memoirs criticizing Philipps actions or workings. From 1919 to 1936, 41 forestry officers were members of Hubertia, five of which were governors of

6006-482: Was to establish a so-called Numerus clausus for forestry in Freiburg and determined personally about a prospective student's admission in person. During the following ten years, Köhler's selection had its effect on Hubertia's influence: While the fraternity provided 37 prospective forestry officers in 1920, the number fell to only six in 1938. I very much intentionally decided to promote, and selected, catholic members for over six years. As this so-called culture fight

6084-513: Was willing to offer up estates as pledge and guarantee. The concept of honour appears to have declined in importance in the modern West ; conscience has replaced it in the individual context, and the rule of law (with the rights and duties defined therein) has taken over in a social context. Popular stereotypes would have it surviving more definitively in more tradition-bound cultures (e.g. Pashtun , Southern Italian , Polish , Persian , Turkish , Arab , Iberian , " Old South " or Dixie ) in

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