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24-642: Like the Sri Lanka Kaffirs , the name Cafres is derived from the Arabic word for infidels, kafir , which in East Africa came to mean Black people specifically . In Réunion, contrary to other countries or regions of the south-west of the Indian Ocean , the term is in common use. It means "any individual whose phenotype goes back more or less to African / Malagasy origins, as described by

48-545: A distinctive creole based on Portuguese. The extinct language was known as 'Sri Lankan Kaffir language'. It differs from Sri Lankan Portuguese creole . Kandyan period [REDACTED] Sri Lanka portal The Kandyan period covers the history of Sri Lanka from 1597–1815. After the fall of the Kingdom of Kotte , the Kandyan Kingdom was the last Independent monarchy of Sri Lanka . The Kingdom played

72-538: A major role throughout the history of Sri Lanka . It was founded in 1476. The kingdom located in the central part of Sri Lanka managed to remain independent from both the Portuguese and Dutch rule who controlled coastal parts of Sri Lanka; however, it was colonised by the British in 1815. Periodization of Sri Lanka history: Senasammata Vikramabahu ruled the Kingdom of Kandy as a semi-independent kingdom under

96-532: A prisoner. The signing of the convention is known as the greatest act of traitorship in Sri Lankan history. The Great Rebellion of 1817–18 took place in the former Kandyan Kingdom after two years of it being captured by the British. The purpose of the rebellion was to make a blood relative of the Nayak kings named Doraisami the ruler again. Keppetipola Disawe was sent initially by the British government to stop

120-586: A source of labour between the ninth and nineteenth centuries by Arab merchants. The Portuguese, Dutch, and the British used the Kaffirs as a part of their naval forces and for domestic labor. When Dutch colonialists arrived around 1600, the Kaffirs worked on cinnamon plantations along the southern coast and some had settled in the Kandyan kingdom. Some research suggests that Kaffir slaves were employed as soldiers to fight against Sri Lankan kings , most likely in

144-600: Is a form of dance music popular in Sri Lanka, originating centuries ago among the Kaffirs or Afro-Sri Lankan communities (mixed communities consisting of Portuguese, Bantu, and native Sri Lankan people). It has its origins in African folk music of the east coast of Africa was later amalgamated with European instruments and eastern and western rhythms, especially rhythms found in Spain and northern European folk music. They spoke

168-537: Is an obsolete English term once used to designate natives from the African Great Lakes and Southern Africa coasts. In South Africa, it became a slur. "Kaffir" derives in turn from the Arabic kafir , "unbeliever". Kaffirs have an oral history maintained by families that are descended from slaves from Africa. While Arabs were the original slave traders in the African Great Lakes slave trade via

192-536: The Indian Ocean slave trade , Portuguese colonialists later brought Bantu slaves to the Indian subcontinent. However fragmented official documentation may be, the recent public promotion of their music and dance forms allows the broader Sri Lankan society to acknowledge and better understand Kaffir history. Historical records indicate that Portuguese traders brought Siddis to the Indian subcontinent between 300 and 500 years ago. The Kaffirs were brought to Sri Lanka as

216-501: The Kingdom of Kotte , Vikramabahu founded the city of Kandy making it the new capital of the Kandyan Kingdom. After 1476 the kingdom became a separate entity seceding from Kotte. Vikramabahu was succeeded by his son Jayaweera Astana (1511–1551) and then by Karaliyadde Bandara (1551–1581) who was succeeded by his daughter Dona Catherina (1581–1581). Dona Catherina was succeeded by Rajasinha (I) aka Tikiri Bandara (1581–1591) he

240-686: The Sinhala kings . They are very similar to the Zanj -descended populations in Iraq and Kuwait , and are known in Pakistan as Sheedis and in India as Siddis . The Kaffirs spoke a distinctive creole based on Portuguese , and the "Sri Lankan Kaffir language" (now extinct). Their cultural heritage includes the dance styles Kaffringna and Manja and their popular form of dance music Baila . The word Kaffir

264-542: The Sinhalese–Portuguese War ( Mulleriyawa (1562) , Randeniwela (1630) , Gannoruwa (1638) ). The descendants of the freed Kaffir slaves are still a distinctive community are mainly found in the former occupied territories of the Portuguese colonists, mainly near Puttalam , in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka but also in areas such as Trincomalee , Batticaloa and Negombo . There

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288-602: The Kandy Maha Dewale was founded in 1731.His wife was a Madurai Nayak Dynasty princess from southern India. Since he had no children of his own he was succeeded by his wife's brother, Sri Vijaya Rajasinha , who was of Nayakkar nationality which originated from south India. After that the throne of the Sinhalese kings passed to the Nayakkars till the history of Sri Lankan monarchies ended. Kirti Sri Raja Singha

312-652: The King gave high prominence to Dalada Perahara . Sri Vickrama Rajasinha embraced Buddhism and did sacrifices to the Tooth Relic of Buddha . Several ministers under the king conspired against him. They actively provided intelligence to the British Empire . On 14 February 1815, a British division entered Kandy and took possession of the city. Several of the ministers signed the Kandyan Convention which

336-614: The Mahavamsa chronicle was continued from the time of Parakramabahu IV of Dambadeniya . He also rebuilt the Munneswaram temple close to Chilaw. Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha (reigned 1782–1798) was a member of the Madurai royal family and succeeded his brother, Kirti Sri Rajasinha as of Kandy in 1782. Sri Rajadhi Raja Sinha was fluent in many languages including Pali and Sanskrit. His nephew Prince Kannasamy succeeded him. Prince Kannasamy

360-406: The city of Gannoruwa.900 Portuguese soldiers came to attack and only 33 were soldiers were alive after the battle. After the death of his son Vimala Dharma Suriya (II) took over. Vimala Dharma Suriya married a princess from Madurai, Tamil Nadu. After Vimala Dharma Suriya's (II) death his seventeen years old son ascended the throne. Vira Narendra Sinha of Kandy reigned from (1707–1739). In his reign,

384-864: The rising number of second generation Muslim Comorians and Mahorians are also considered Cafres. This Réunion -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about an ethnic group in Africa is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sri Lanka Kaffirs The Sri Lankan Kaffirs (cafrinhas in Portuguese , කාපිරි kāpiriyō in Sinhala , and காப்பிலி kāppili in Tamil ) are an ethnic group in Sri Lanka who are partially descended from 16th-century Portuguese traders and Bantu slaves who were brought by them to work as labourers and soldiers to fight against

408-500: The sociologist Paul Mayoka in his essay "The image of the cafre". The term is also used to mean ethnic groups of Southeast African origin from where slaves came. The term is also used in the phrase 'fête des Cafres'. This is one of the names given to the annual celebration of the abolition of slavery on the island on 20 December 1848. The ancestors of the Cafres were enslaved Africans. Brought from mainland Africa and Madagascar to work

432-469: The sugar plantations; these were the first slaves to be introduced to the Mascarene Islands . The slaves came from Mozambique , Guinea , Senegal and Madagascar . Most trace their roots to Madagascar and East Africa ( Mozambique , Tanzania , Zambia ) although some descended from runaways from European pirate ships. The Cafres are mostly Christian. Due to the loose definition of the term,

456-504: The uprising but ended up joining the rebellion as its leader and is celebrated for his actions even today in Sri Lanka. The rebels captured Matale and Kandy before Keppetipola fell ill and was captured and beheaded by the British. His skull was abnormal — as it was wider than usual — and was sent to Britain for testing. It was returned to Sri Lanka after independence, and now rests in the Kandyan Museum. The rebellion failed due to

480-725: Was an agreement for the deposition of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha and ceding of the Kingdom's territory to British rule. There were twelve signatories to the Kandyan Convention signed in the following languages: four signed in Tamil, three, in Tamil and Sinhalese and four, in Sinhalese. This act effectively ended the Sovereignty of the Kandy Nayakar Dynasty. The king was captured by the British and send to Madurai as

504-594: Was only 18 when he took over the throne. Sri Vikrama Rajasinha was the last monarch to rule Sri Lanka. After he was captured by the British in 1815 it ended the history of Sri Lankan self governed monarchical rule. During his reign, he completed the Dalada Maligawa Temple by building the Paththirippuwa . He also built the Kandy Lake . He also donated more lands to Dalada Maligawa and

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528-631: Was some contact between the Kaffir and the Burghers , communities of partly European ancestry on the East coast of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Kaffirs originally adhered to traditional faiths. However, they now practice religions from Catholicism to Buddhism . Sri Lanka Kaffir culture is a direct link back to their distant past in the African Great Lakes, which is rapidly disappearing. Baila

552-539: Was succeeded by Vimala Dharma Suriya (I) aka Konappu Bandara and his baptismal name Don Joao of Austria (1591–1604) and he was succeeded by his first cousin Senarat (1604–1635). Rajasingha II was the son of Senarat and Empress Dona Catherina. He ruled from 1629 to 6 December 1687. It was during his time the Battle of Gannoruwa took place. The Portuguese forces who attempted to invade the Kandyan Kingdom were defeated at

576-641: Was the second Nayaka king of Kandy. The is credited for the revival of Buddhism and literature in Sri Lanka. Under the guidance and influence of Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero , with the Dutch assistance, Kirti Sri Raja Singha successfully invited Bhikkus from Siam (Thailand) to revive the higher ordination of Buddhist monks in Sri Lanka. He also built the existing inner temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic and Raja Maha Vihara (Gangarama) in Kandy. During his reign

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