Provincial
110-417: Provincial The Calgary School is a term coined by Ralph Hedlin in an article in the now defunct Alberta Report in reference to four political science professors – Tom Flanagan , Rainer Knopff , Ted Morton , and Barry F. Cooper – who became colleagues at Alberta's University of Calgary in the early 1980s. They shared and promoted similar ideas about how political scientists could shape
220-645: A separate school in 1939. The university president's official residence, the J. Deryl Hart House , was completed in 1934. In athletics, Duke hosted and competed in the first Rose Bowl ever played outside California in Wallace Wade Stadium in 1942; the second such game was played in Arlington, Texas , in 2021, moved as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic . During World War II, Duke was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in
330-538: A "white top and a black bottom" power structure, according to the former director of employee relations; the university's gradualist and arguably complacent approach to civil rights; high attrition rates for Black students; lack of unionization rights for nonacademic employees; lack of institutional power and self-determination for a Black studies department; "police harassment for Black students"; "racist living conditions"; and "tokenism of Black representation in university power structures" among others. Their underlying demand
440-625: A Liberal candidate. The four professors said that the competition between the historical Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and the Reform Party of Canada , was helping the centrist Liberal Party of Canada . The Calgary School aimed to reshape of Conservative politics in Canada in the early 1990s. Members of the school, notably Tom Flanagan, worked hard to turn the Reform Party into the dominant right-wing party and later to encourage
550-514: A coalition of conservative parties. Flanagan, who has widely published in areas such as political science , public policy , political theory and aboriginal land claims , from a libertarian perspective, and has self-described as a Hayekian , was associated with the Calgary School from its inception in the 1990s. In 1997, Harper and Flanagan co-authored a "detailed, persuasive and deeply-researched" article calling on opposition parties in
660-662: A football training facility, two residential buildings, an engineering complex, a public policy building, an eye institute, two genetic research buildings, a student plaza, the French Family Science Center, and two new medical-research buildings. In April 2005, Duke and the National University of Singapore signed a formal agreement under which the two institutions would partner to establish Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore . Duke-NUS
770-566: A general gathering building called "Devil's Den", a restaurant known as "Devil's Bistro", a convenience store called Uncle Harry's, and the Mill Village. The Mill Village consists of a gym and group study rooms. In December 2016, Duke University purchased an apartment complex, now known as 300 Swift. Swift houses upperclassmen, in addition to the West Campus area, and is located between East and West Campus. Duke University Hospital
880-578: A global university in 1910 with the promotion of William Preston Few as the new president of Trinity College, who sought to establish the university as a southern counterpart to Yale and Harvard . In 1924, Washington Duke's son, James B. Duke , established The Duke Endowment with a $ 40 million trust fund. Income from the fund was to be distributed to hospitals, orphanages, the Methodist Church, and four colleges (including Trinity College). Few, who remained president of Trinity, insisted that
990-997: A governing board, including a Duke representative who has veto power over any academic decision made by the board. In 2013, Duke Kunshan University (abbreviated "DKU"), a partnership between Duke University, Wuhan University , and the city of Kunshan, was established in Kunshan , China. The university runs Duke degree graduate programs and an undergraduate liberal arts college. Undergraduates are awarded degrees from both Duke Kunshan University and Duke University upon graduation and become members of Duke and DKU's alumni organizations. DKU conducted research projects on climate change , health-care policy and tuberculosis prevention and control. Duke University has 12 schools and institutes, three of which host undergraduate programs: Trinity College of Arts and Sciences , Pratt School of Engineering , and Duke Kunshan University . The university has "historical, formal, ongoing, and symbolic ties" with
1100-567: A group of Calgary oil magnates offered to buy the report in an effort to provide financial stability to a journal they regarded as politically congenial. The magazine was published for a time in three separate editions, the Alberta Report , BC Report , and Western Report . These were merged in 1999 into The Report , later known as the Citizens Centre Report in connection with Link Byfield's successor organization,
1210-573: A new home, Environmental Hall, a five-story, glass-and-concrete building that incorporates the highest sustainable features and technologies, and meets or exceeds the criteria for LEED platinum certification. The School of Nursing in April 2014 opened a new 45,000 sq ft (4,200 m ) addition to the Christine Siegler Pearson Building. In summer 2014, a number of construction projects were completed. The project
SECTION 10
#17327981190901320-680: A nuclear lab, and a marine lab . Duke is a leading participant in the National Lambda Rail Network and runs a program for gifted children known as the Talent Identification Program . Admission to Duke is defined by U.S. News & World Report as "most selective." Duke received nearly 50,000 applications for the Class of 2025, with an overall acceptance rate of 6.2%. The yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend) for
1430-493: A pariah within hours – he was denounced by then-Prime Minister Harper, Danielle Smith, and other political allies. After over four decades with the University of Calgary, he was "trashed". He was fired as a CBC commentator. A chastened Flanagan later said that he had played a role in this brand of negative politics. In a 2014 interview with Margaret Wente, Flanagan said that as an architect of Harper's Conservative party, he
1540-656: A seven-year fundraising campaign, raised $ 3.85 billion by August 2017. In 2014, Duke removed the name of Charles B. Aycock , a white-supremacist governor of North Carolina , from an undergraduate dormitory. It is now known as the East Residence Hall. On August 19, 2017, following the violent clashes at the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia , the statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee
1650-408: A shared interest in military history. Bercuson was an "economic and foreign policy conservative" like the other four, but he was more of a "social liberal". He supported pro-choice on abortion, and was in favor of legalizing gay marriage, unlike the others. He did not support Harper in 1993 as did the others, although he did support him in 2006. While the others supported Ralph Klein, Bercuson supported
1760-447: A speechwriter for Prime Minister Stephen Harper . Bunner is currently speech writer for Alberta Premier Jason Kenney . C.P. (Chris) Champion started The Dorchester Review , a small but influential history magazine, in 2011, and in 2020 served as a curriculum advisor under Minister of Education, Andrea LaGrange . The Western Standard , launched in 2004, by Levant with the participation of several other Report alumni, aimed to fill
1870-402: A theater, Brodie Gym, tennis courts, several disc golf baskets, and a walking track as well as several academic buildings. The East Campus dorms are Alspaugh, Basset, Bell Tower, Blackwell, Brown, East House (formerly known as Aycock), Epworth, Gilbert-Addoms, Giles, West House (formerly known as Jarvis), Pegram, Randolph, Southgate, Trinity, and Wilson. Separated from downtown by a short walk,
1980-560: Is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from West Campus . Studies, Art History, History, Cultural Anthropology, Literature, Music, Philosophy, and Women's Studies are housed on East. Programs such as dance, drama, education, film, and the University Writing Program reside on East. The self-sufficient East Campus contains the freshmen residence halls, a dining hall, coffee shop, post office, Lilly Library, Baldwin Auditorium,
2090-814: Is a 957-acute care bed academic tertiary care facility located in Durham, North Carolina . Established in 1930, it is the flagship teaching hospital for Duke University Health System , a network of physicians and hospitals serving Durham County and Wake County, North Carolina , and surrounding areas, as well as one of three Level I referral centers for the Research Triangle of North Carolina (the other two are UNC Hospitals in nearby Chapel Hill and WakeMed Raleigh in Raleigh ). Duke University Health System combines Duke University School of Medicine , Duke University School of Nursing , Duke Clinic, and
2200-579: Is a predominant type of rock found through the Carolina Slate Belt. Duke stone and the Carolina Slate Belt, like the greater Carolina Terrane , are thought to have formed in the Iapetus Ocean off the coast of Gondwana by a chain of volcanic islands known as 'Carolinia', starting around 650 million years ago. The Carolina Slate Belt contains stone of both meta-volcanic and meta-sedimentary origin. The geological literature finds
2310-686: Is exotic to the main North American ( Laurentia ) landmass. The Duke stone quarry now occupies a five-acre (2.0 ha) section of the Hillsboro Division of the Duke Forest. In new construction and repairs on Duke campus, the use of Duke stone is strictly regulated: "All stones shall be laid on their natural beds, with 20 percent of stone being split face and 80 percent seam face, mixed proportionately to show variations of stone coloring". In recent years, high cost of quarrying
SECTION 20
#17327981190902420-692: Is home to the Nasher Museum of Art , the Freeman Center for Jewish Life, the Center for Muslim Life, the Campus Police Department, Office of Disability Management, a Ronald McDonald House , and administrative departments such as Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Central Campus has several recreation and social facilities such as basketball courts, a sand volleyball court, a turf field, barbecue grills and picnic shelters,
2530-481: Is intended to complement the National University of Singapore's existing undergraduate medical school, and had its first entering class in 2007. The curriculum is based on that of Duke University School of Medicine . Sixty percent of matriculates are from Singapore and 40% are from over 20 countries. The school is part of the National University of Singapore system, but distinct in that it is overseen by
2640-695: Is part of the final phase of renovations to Duke's West Campus libraries that have transformed one of the university's oldest and most recognizable buildings into a state-of-the-art research facility. The David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library reopened in August 2015 after about $ 60 million in renovations to the sections of the building built in 1928 and 1948. The renovations include more space, technology upgrades and new exhibits. In 2013, construction projects included transforming buildings like Gross Hall and Baldwin Auditorium, plus new construction such as
2750-564: Is situated between West Campus and Central Campus. The gardens occupy 55 acres (22 ha), divided into four major sections: the original Terraces and their surroundings; the H.L. Blomquist Garden of Native Plants, devoted to flora of the Southeastern United States; the W.L. Culberson Asiatic Arboretum, housing plants of Eastern Asia, as well as disjunct species found in Eastern Asia and Eastern North America; and
2860-667: Is to be expected." After its initial formation, Duke stone underwent several metamorphic events, including the collision of Carolinia with Laurentia . The Carolinia-Laurentia collision started around 375 Mya, which coincides with timing of the Acadian orogeny that formed the Appalachian Mountains . Though Duke stone contains no fossils, other areas of the Carolina Terrane contain fossilized corals and trilobites that were used to establish that this formation
2970-679: The Canadian Alliance in 2000, and then merged with the Progressive Conservative Party in 2003 to form the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada . Flanagan, Morton, Knopff, and Stephen Harper co-signed the January 2001 "Firewall Letter" to then Alberta Premier Ralph Klein calling for major changes in federal-provincial relations that would "insulate" Alberta from the federal government. Harper who served as Prime Minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015,
3080-800: The Citizens Centre for Freedom and Democracy . The magazine often struggled financially, with the senior Byfield mortgaging his own house four times to keep it afloat. It shut down in June 2003. According to the Edmonton Sun , some employees were still owed back pay nearly six months later, and complained when the Citizens Centre was directing money toward its political agenda. A number of right-wing journalists and commentators in Canada who are prominent today began their careers writing for The Report magazines, including Kenneth Whyte ,
3190-628: The St. John's Edmonton Report , a local paper, as part of the operations of the Company of the Cross , a lay Anglican religious order , also co-founded by Byfield, which included a series of traditional Anglican private boarding schools for boys, starting with the Saint John's Cathedral Boys' School in 1957. The minister of St. John's School, Keith T. Bennett, served on the original editorial board. In
3300-484: The United Methodist Church , but is a nonsectarian and independent institution. Duke's endowment had a market value of $ 12.1 billion in the fiscal year that ended June 30, 2022. The university's special academic facilities include an art museum , several language labs, Duke Forest, Duke Herbarium, a lemur center , a phytotron , a free-electron laser, a nuclear magnetic resonance machine,
3410-656: The V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a navy commission. In 1963 the Board of Trustees officially desegregated the undergraduate college. Duke enrolled its first black graduate students in 1961. The school did not admit Black undergraduates until September 1963. The teaching staff remained all-White until 1966. Increased activism on campus during the 1960s prompted Martin Luther King Jr. to speak at
Calgary School - Misplaced Pages Continue
3520-644: The socially conservative and economically conservative factions within the school. Bercuson publicly criticized Morton's social policies, saying "[they] were hard to stomach for a libertarian." Ted Morton had served in Progressive Conservative government of Alberta cabinet as finance minister in the Ed Stelmach government and energy minister in the first Alison Redford -led government. From about 2006 on, Prime Minister Harper and his caucus were often "at odds with" Flanagan. When Flanagan
3630-435: The war of ideas in Canada. He wrote that, while the Calgary School of political science – "Barry Cooper, Ted Morton, Rainer Knopff and I, along with our historian outrider David Bercuson" – did not cause this transformation, they had, along with their students, "played an honourable part in making it happen." Tom Flanagan remembered Danielle Smith as was one of his most promising students in his statistics class at
3740-444: The "Calgary School" which included Tom Flanagan , Rainer Knopff, Ted Morton, David Bercuson, and Barry Cooper, was a politically conservative group supporting "a rambunctious, Rocky Mountain brand of libertarianism " that seeks "lower taxes, less federal government, and free markets unfettered by social programs such as medicare that keep citizens from being forced to pull up their own socks." By 2006, there were tensions between
3850-687: The "Firewall Letter". The letter called on Albertans to insulate themselves against an "increasingly hostile" Liberal federal government. The group called for the creation of a provincial pension plan, similar to the Quebec Pension Plan, a provincial police force, such as those in Quebec and Ontario, an Alberta provincial income tax, like the one that Quebec had, Senate reform, and Alberta's complete control over its provincial health care. Boessenkool had previously served as Canadian Alliance leader Stockwell Day 's policy adviser. In 2001, Flanagan
3960-568: The "Snack Pack". According to Milke, it was Ralph Hedlin, a journalist with the Alberta Report who coined the name "Calgary School". Knopff preferred the name "Calgary mafia", coined by the Globe and Mail political columnist Jeffrey Simpson in 1992. Simpson was referring to the influence – direct and indirect – that Flanagan, Knopff, Morton, Bercuson, and Cooper had on Preston Manning 's Reform Party of Canada . The Reform Party
4070-610: The "Tax Fighter Award" by the Canadian Taxpayers Federation . In his introduction, Mark Milke described the Calgary School by its four original members, Cooper, Flanagan, Knopff and Morton. Milke described the Calgary School's "driving idea" through the lens of Tom Flanagan's perspective, influenced by the Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek . Hayek said that "spontaneous order arises when people are left to spontaneously order themselves ... We do not require
4180-456: The "forced cohabitation" during the presidency of Bill Clinton who had to work with a Republican Congress after 1996. Stephen Harper, who had been a student at the University of Calgary, participating in discussions with members of the school and Preston Manning in the lead up to the formation of the Reform Party. Harper played a role in the development of the Blue Book; which help developed
4290-661: The 1930s. Duke students often refer to the West Campus as "the Gothic Wonderland", a nickname referring to the Collegiate Gothic architecture of West Campus , a style chosen by the Campus's founders after campus visits to the University of Chicago , Yale, and Princeton . Much of the campus was designed by Julian Abele , one of the first prominent African-American architects and the chief designer in
4400-700: The 210-foot (64-meter) Duke Chapel at the campus' center and highest point of elevation, is adjacent to the Medical Center . East Campus , 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) away, home to all first-years, contains Georgian -style architecture. The university administers two concurrent schools in Asia, Duke–NUS Medical School in Singapore (established in 2005) and Duke Kunshan University in Kunshan, China (established in 2013). Duke spends more than $ 1 billion per year on research. As of 2024 , 16 Nobel laureates and 3 Turing Award winners have been affiliated with
4510-600: The 7,044 acres (28.51 km ) Duke Forest. The campus is divided into four main areas: West, East, and Central campuses and the Medical Center, which are all connected via a free bus service. On the Atlantic coast in Beaufort , Duke owns 15 acres (61,000 m ) as part of its marine lab . One of the major public attractions on the main campus is the 54-acre (220,000 m ) Sarah P. Duke Gardens , established in
Calgary School - Misplaced Pages Continue
4620-439: The Calgary School by referring to its four original members, Cooper, Flanagan, Knopff and Morton, during a presentation at a 2018 Canadian Taxpayers Federation event. Milke said that the Calgary School's "driving idea" was informed by Tom Flanagan's understanding of the Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek . Hayek had said that "spontaneous order arises when people are left to spontaneously order themselves ... We do not require
4730-631: The Class of 2023 was 54%. The Class of 2024 had a median ACT range of 34–35 and an SAT range of 1500–1570. (Test score ranges account for the 25th–75th percentile of accepted students.) From 2001 to 2011, Duke has had the sixth highest number of Fulbright , Rhodes , Truman , and Goldwater scholarships in the nation among private universities. The university practices need-blind admissions and meets 100% of admitted students' demonstrated needs. About 50 percent of all Duke students receive some form of financial aid, which includes need-based aid, athletic aid, and merit aid. The average need-based grant for
4840-580: The Department of Economics promote the implementation of a provincial sales tax in Alberta, as a means to prevent drastic austerity policies. The Faculty of Law has also produced two Alberta cabinet ministers under Rachel Notley's New Democratic government, Kathleen Ganley and Irfan Sabir . Alberta Report The Alberta Report was a conservative weekly newsmagazine based in Edmonton . It
4950-574: The Department of Political Science has developed a strong research interest in feminist and gender politics, even considering it a prominent research field. Faculty in the Department of Political Science condemned criticisms by Premier Jason Kenney who said their work aligned with the Alberta New Democratic Party . Trevor Tombe , a prominent member of the Department of Economics faculty supports carbon pricing as an effective method of achieving climate targets. Faculty members in
5060-551: The Doris Duke Center Gardens. There are five miles (8.0 km) of allées and paths throughout the gardens. Duke University Allen Building was the site of student protest in the late 1960s. In 1969, six years after the university began to allow African-American students to enroll, dozens of Black students overtook the Allen Building and barricaded themselves inside of it. Their justification included
5170-543: The Events Pavilion. About 125,000 sq ft (11,600 m ) was updated at Gross Hall, including new lighting and windows and a skylight. Baldwin's upgrades include a larger stage, more efficient air conditioning for performers and audience and enhanced acoustics that will allow for the space to be "tuned" to each individual performance. The 25,000 sq ft (2,300 m ) Events Pavilion opened to students in 2013 and serves as temporary dining space while
5280-576: The Intercollegiate Society of Individualists, later renamed the Intercollegiate Studies Institute , an American student organisation devoted to libertarian ideas. On January 24, 2001, Stephen Harper, Tom Flanagan, Ted Morton, Rainer Knopff, Andrew Crooks, then-chair of the Canadian Taxpayers Federation , and Ken Boessenkool wrote a letter to then Premier of Alberta, Ralph Klein , which has been called
5390-475: The Sanford School of Public Policy). The separate Woman's College merged back with Trinity as the liberal arts college for both men and women in 1972. Beginning in the 1970s, Duke administrators began a long-term effort to strengthen Duke's reputation both nationally and internationally. Interdisciplinary work was emphasized, as was recruiting minority faculty and students. During this time it also became
5500-553: The Takeover as "one of the most pivotal moments in our university's history," claiming that the protestors "changed this place for the better and improved the lives of many who followed." Duke University Marine Laboratory , located in the town of Beaufort, North Carolina , is also technically part of Duke's campus. The marine lab is situated on Pivers Island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, 150 yards (140 m) across
5610-596: The Union Institute Academy in 1841 when North Carolina issued a charter. The academy was renamed Normal College in 1851, and then Trinity College in 1859 because of support from the Methodist Church . In 1892, Trinity College moved to Durham , largely due to the generosity of Julian S. Carr and Washington Duke , powerful and respected Methodists who had grown wealthy through the tobacco and electrical industries. Carr donated land in 1892 for
SECTION 50
#17327981190905720-694: The United States. Duke Chapel stands at the center of West Campus on the highest ridge. Constructed from 1930 to 1935 from Duke stone , the chapel seats 1,600 people and, at 210 feet (64 m) is one of the tallest buildings in Durham County . West Campus , considered the main campus of the university, houses the sophomores and juniors, along with some seniors. Most of the academic and administrative centers are located there. Main West Campus , with Duke Chapel at its center, contains
5830-589: The University of Calgary, but they did not have a visible impact on the public agenda. Ezra Levant was one of their students in the early 1990s and he joined the Reform party at that time. Unlike his professors, he received a lot of media attention. In the 1990s Levant worked in Preston Manning's office in Ottawa, where he joined Rahim Jaffer , Jason Kenney and Rob Anders in what became known in Ottawa as
5940-431: The University of Calgary. In a 2009 interview, Flanagan remembered her as one of his best students. Flanagan became Smith's campaign manager in her 2012 Alberta general election campaign, running for the Wildrose Party . He played a "pivotal behind-the-scenes role in transforming his former pupil into premier of Alberta." Smith lost the election to the Progressive Conservative candidate Alison Redford . In 2013, Flanagan
6050-411: The West Campus Union undergoes major renovations, expected to be completed in the spring of 2016. From February 2001 to November 2005, Duke spent $ 835 million on 34 major construction projects as part of a five-year strategic plan, "Building on Excellence". Completed projects since 2002 include major additions to the business, law, nursing, and divinity schools, a new library, the Nasher Museum of Art ,
6160-450: The area was the site of the Women's College from 1930 to 1972. Central Campus, consisting of 122 acres (0.49 km ) between East and West campuses, housed around 1,000 sophomores, juniors, and seniors, as well as around 200 professional students in double or quadruple apartments. However, the housing of undergraduates on Central Campus ended after the 2018–2019 school year and the respective buildings were demolished. Central Campus
6270-478: The birthplace of the first Physician Assistant degree program in the United States. Duke University Hospital was finished in 1980 and the student union building was fully constructed two years later. In 1986 the men's soccer team captured Duke's first National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship, and the men's basketball team followed shortly thereafter with championships in 1991 and 1992 , then again in 2001 , 2010 , and 2015 . Duke Forward,
6380-440: The book of Daniel in the Hebrew bible." Cooper has been associated with the Calgary School since its inception. By 2019, the University of Calgary placed a greater emphasis on indigenous scholarship and education, which is reflected in the appointments of indigenous researchers, as well as the recognition of indigenous politics and law as a research field within the departments of Political Science and Law respectively. Additionally,
6490-454: The building (it was widely understood by students and administration that the police would have likely brutally beat and possibly killed the unarmed Black students), the students exited with their trenchcoats over their faces. Meanwhile, white students and faculty had formed a human shield around the building and a brawl between the police and students ensued, sending a handful of students to the hospital. University president Vincent Price labelled
6600-580: The campus eateries and sports facilities – including the historic basketball stadium, Cameron Indoor Stadium – are on West Campus . East Campus , the original location of Duke after it moved to Durham, functions as a first-year campus, housing the university's freshmen dormitories as well as the home of several academic departments. Since the 1995–96 academic year, all freshmen—and only freshmen, except for upperclassmen serving as Resident Assistants—have lived on East Campus , an effort to build class unity. The campus encompasses 172 acres (700,000 m ) and
6710-449: The channel from Beaufort. Duke's interest in the area began in the early 1930s and the first buildings were erected in 1938. The resident faculty represent the disciplines of oceanography, marine biology, marine biomedicine, marine biotechnology, and coastal marine policy and management. The Marine Laboratory is a member of the National Association of Marine Laboratories. In May 2014, the newly built Orrin H. Pilkey Marine Research Laboratory
SECTION 60
#17327981190906820-477: The decision by the University of Alberta to remove the name of the John M. MacEachran (1877 – 1971)—co-founder of the Canadian Psychological Association and the Alberta Eugenics Board 's chairman responsible for the forced sterilizations—from several scholarships and a library at the University. Duke University Duke University is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina , United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in
6930-512: The early years the school and the magazine operated under the same system where staff lived in a communal apartment block and everyone worked for a dollar a day plus room and board. The St. John's Edmonton Report combined Byfield's interest in journalism and current affairs with his desire to use media to education others about Christian values. It provided a space for Byfield to comment on "homosexuals, abortionists, human rights commissions and public education" which he strongly opposed. Prior to
7040-435: The eastern establishment in Ottawa. Knopff and Morton opposed the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . Morton, who received his dual American-Canadian citizenship in 1993, grew up in the United States. Cooper and Flanagan met in the mid-1960s while pursuing doctoral studies at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina . Cooper came to the University of Calgary in 1981. By the 1980s, all four professors were working at
7150-452: The editor in chief of Maclean's ; Colby Cosh of the National Post , Kevin Michael Grace, Lorne Gunter , Ezra Levant , Brian Mulawka, and Kevin Steel. Other former staff include: freelance journalist Ric Dolphin, former National Post writer Dunnery Best, U.S. food writer (and founding editor of Equinox magazine) Barry Estabrook, former Profit editor and publisher Rick Spence, author D'Arcy Jenish, and Paul Bunner, who in 2006 became
7260-449: The establishment of the Alberta Report in 1979, Byfield also launched the St. John's Calgary Report in 1977. When the two magazines were merged into the Alberta Report , Byfield shifted the business model from that of the lay order to a more commercial enterprise to attract a higher quality of journalists. The emergence of the Alberta Report coincided with Alberta's energy wars with the federal government. Byfield's Report provided
7370-427: The federal government to compromise and form a coalition governments to "curb the tendency to a 'one-party state'", which they called "a benign dictatorship." detailed, persuasive and deeply-researched plea for governments to be forced to compromise with opposition coalitions. That's the only way, said Harper and Flanagan, to curb the tendency to a "one-party state" induced by Canada's "winner take all" system. They cited
7480-444: The five teach, wrote to the Globe distancing themselves from the Reform Party and from the Calgary School. Bercuson, who had been at the University of Calgary since 1970, had earned his PhD in history at the University of Toronto with a focus on liberal and social democratic theory. Over the years he became more conservative. Bercuson was not a political scientist like Flanagan, Knopff, Morton but he co-published with Cooper because of
7590-429: The institution be renamed Duke University to honor the family's generosity and to distinguish it from the myriad other colleges and universities carrying the "Trinity" name. At first, James B. Duke thought the name change would come off as self-serving, but eventually, he accepted Few's proposal as a memorial to his father. Money from the endowment allowed the university to grow quickly. Duke's original campus, East Campus,
7700-453: The largest in the nation, Duke Forest demonstrates a variety of forest stand types and silvicultural treatments. Duke Forest is used extensively for research and includes the Aquatic Research Facility, Forest Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-I) research facility, two permanent towers suitable for micrometeorological studies, and other areas designated for animal behavior and ecosystem study. More than 30 miles (48 km) of trails are open to
7810-404: The majority of residential quads to the south, while the main academic quad, library, and Medical Center are to the north. The campus, spanning 720 acres (2.9 km ), includes Science Drive, which is the location of science and engineering buildings. The residential quads on West Campus are Craven Quad, Crowell Quad, Edens Quad, Few Quad, Keohane Quad, Kilgo Quad, and Wannamaker Quad. Most of
7920-559: The member hospitals into a system of research, clinical care, and education. In early 2012, Duke Cancer Center opened next to Duke Hospital in Durham. The patient care facility consolidates nearly all of Duke's outpatient clinical care services. Duke Forest, established in 1931, consists of 7,044 acres (28.51 km ) in six divisions, just west of West Campus . The largest private research forest in North Carolina and one of
8030-486: The new Conservative Party of Canada . In March 2004, Stephen Harper was elected as the leader of the newly formed Conservative Party. Flanagan played a key role in the development of the new party's platform, helped to build its successful fundraising campaign, and worked on its 2006 election campaign. In 2006, Harper became prime minister. A 2004 article in The Walrus , entitled "The Man Behind Stephen Harper" said that
8140-484: The offices of architect Horace Trumbauer . The residential quadrangles are of an early and somewhat unadorned design, while the buildings in the academic quadrangles show influences of the more elaborate late French and Italian styles. The freshmen campus, known as East Campus , is composed of buildings in the Georgian architecture style. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed Duke among the most beautiful college campuses in
8250-458: The original Durham campus, which is now known as East Campus . At the same time, Washington Duke gave the school $ 85,000 ($ 2,880,000 adjusted for inflation) for an initial endowment and construction costs—later augmenting his generosity with three separate $ 100,000 contributions in 1896, 1899, and 1900—with the stipulation that the college "open its doors to women, placing them on an equal footing with men." Duke would accelerate its mission to become
8360-673: The policies of the Reform Party . In a 1998 Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) article, American political scientist David Rovinsky used the term "Calgary School" referencing the Chicago school of economics . Both Hayek and Nobel laureate Milton Friedman , who were influential in the Chicago School of Economics, had worked together in 1947 to establish the Mont Pèlerin Society , an international forum for libertarian economists. During 1950–1962, Hayek
8470-406: The pre-metamorphosis origin of Duke stone to be variously volcanic and sedimentary: it was likely originally formed by sedimentation of volcanic material. A USGS geologist concludes: "The Duke quarry phyllite was derived from argillite, tuff or tuffaceous sandstone, and volcanic breccia . Occurrence of laminated argillites suggests marine deposition. … There is insufficient evidence to determine if
8580-574: The present-day city of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. In 1924, tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established the Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father, Washington Duke . The campus spans over 8,600 acres (3,500 hectares) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham, and a marine lab in Beaufort . The West Campus —designed largely by architect Julian Abele —incorporates Gothic architecture with
8690-603: The provision, noting that it had been the only limitation he had ever put on a donation to the college. A woman's residential dormitory was built in 1897 and named the Mary Duke Building, after Washington Duke's daughter. By 1904, 54 women were enrolled in the college. In 1930, the Woman's College was established as a coordinate to the men's undergraduate college, which had been established and named Trinity College in 1924. According to Duke University Human Rights Center,
8800-408: The public for hiking, cycling, and horseback riding. Duke Lemur Center , located inside Duke Forest, is the world's largest sanctuary for rare and endangered strepsirrhine primates. Founded in 1966, Duke Lemur Center spans 85 acres (34 ha) and contains nearly 300 animals of 25 different species of lemurs , galagos and lorises . The Sarah P. Duke Gardens , established in the early 1930s,
8910-431: The relocation of the college in 1892, the board of trustees voted to again allow women to be formally admitted to classes as day students. At the time of Washington Duke's donation in 1896, which carried the requirement that women be placed "on an equal footing with men" at the college, four women were enrolled; three of the four were faculty members' children. In 1903 Washington Duke wrote to the board of trustees withdrawing
9020-762: The rise of a particular kind of conservatism in Canada ;– informed by theories based on Friedrich Hayek and Leo Strauss . Cooper and Flanagan had met in the 1960s at Duke University while pursuing doctoral studies, while Knopff and Morton were both mentored by Walter Berns , a prominent Straussian, at the University of Toronto . They were economic, foreign policy, and social conservatives who were anti-abortion and were not in favour of legalizing gay marriage . They supported Stephen Harper in his 1993 election campaign, and former Alberta premiers Ralph Klein and Jason Kenney . A fifth University of Calgary professor, David Bercuson , co-authored publications with Cooper but
9130-430: The school's "policy in the 1920s excluded blacks from admissions and also restricted blacks from using certain campus facilities such as the dining halls and dorm housing ... In 1948, a group of divinity school students petitioned the divinity school to desegregate – the first concerted effort to push for the desegregation of Duke's admission policy." Engineering , which had been taught at Duke since 1903, became
9240-605: The space in the market that had been held by the Report . The Standard ceased publication in 2007, but returned as an online daily news publication in 2019. In 2022, Alberta Report was acquired by Western Standard New Media Corp., returning it to publication online. In the 1990s, AR produced a number of articles expressing opposition to a possible amendment to the Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA) that would prohibit discrimination against homosexuals. In
9350-465: The state to help organize us." In 2020, Barry Cooper , who founded the climate change denying NGO Friends of Science in 2002, submitted a commissioned report to Alberta Premier Jason Kenney 's Public Inquiry into Anti-Alberta Energy Campaigns . In his report, Cooper said "The apocalyptic rhetoric of so much current environmental discourse is unlikely to end anytime soon. The evocation of an apocalypse has been part of Western political symbolism since
9460-451: The state to help organize us." While working on the doctorates at the University of Toronto in the 1970s, Knopff and Morton were mentored by Walter Berns , an American constitutional law and political philosophy professor and an American Enterprise Institute scholar. Berns was a prominent student of Leo Strauss . When they completed their PhDs in the 1980s, they were hired by the University of Calgary. They shared Flanagan's discontent with
9570-589: The stone, and the irregular knapped ashlar shapes with its associated high stonemasonry costs has led to the university establishing a mix of bricks to imitate the Duke stone colors. A number of construction projects in recent years include renovations to Duke Chapel, Wallace Wade Stadium (football) and Cameron Indoor Stadium (basketball). In early 2014, the Nicholas School of the Environment opened
9680-425: The three players innocent. Cooper stated that the charged players were victims of a "tragic rush to accuse." The District Attorney, Mike Nifong , was subsequently disbarred. In 2019, Duke paid $ 112.5 million to settle False Claims Act allegations related to scientific research misconduct. A researcher at the school was falsifying or fabricating research data in order to win grants for financial gain. The researcher
9790-549: The university in 1925. Comptroller Brown, who oversaw the planning and construction of the Gothic buildings, wrote that Duke stone "is much warmer and softer in coloring than the Princeton, and it will look very much older and have a much more attractive antique effect." Duke stone is a type of Carolina 'slate' or 'bluestone', a metamorphic phyllite rock, with both andesite and dacite mineral composition. Dacitic phyllite
9900-679: The university in November 1964 on the progress of the Civil Rights Movement . Following Douglas Knight 's resignation from the office of university president, Terry Sanford , the former governor of North Carolina, was elected president of the university in 1969, propelling The Fuqua School of Business ' opening, the William R. Perkins library completion, and the founding of the Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs (now
10010-593: The university. Duke alumni also include 50 Rhodes Scholars . Duke is the alma mater of one president of the United States ( Richard Nixon ) and 14 living billionaires. Duke first opened in 1838 as Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school founded in Randolph County, North Carolina , in the present-day town of Trinity . Organized by the Union Institute Society, a group of Methodists and Quakers , Brown's Schoolhouse became
10120-575: The use of stone from the Princeton quarry, but the plans were later amended to purchase a local quarry in Hillsborough to reduce costs. After a search for a locally sourced stone suitable for construction in a style "that made it look like the university was growing out of the ground, like it had been here forever," Duke stone and its source quarry in Hillsborough were identified by Duke University Comptroller Frank Clyde Brown and purchased by
10230-405: The voice for Western Canada 's growing sense of discontent and alienation in the 1970s and 1980s. In response to the province of Quebec's call for separation, Byfield wrote about "western separatism". The magazine became so popular in Alberta that the circulation reached a record average of 53,277 a week by 1987. In the late 1980s as the economy of Alberta declined, so did the circulation. In 1990
10340-541: The volcanic material was deposited directly by igneous action or if it was re-worked by sedimentary processes. Presence of lava flows and very coarse breccias in Orange County suggest that the volcanic centers were relatively near." A UNC geologist concurred that "original features of the phyllite have been obscured by deformation and recrystallization, but the rock apparently was derived from argillites and tuffs," and that "sedimentary reworking of volcanic materials
10450-406: The wake of the successful lawsuit against the government of Alberta for wrongful sterilization, launched by Leilani Muir, and the subsequent 1995 trial on eugenics , the weekly magazine published five articles on eugenics from 1995 and 1999. The articles covered the court case, placing it into an historical context. A 1995 article by Joe Woodward and a 1996 article by Chris Champion investigated
10560-545: Was "complicit in the cultivation of a climate of ruthlessness that put the PM into power and has kept him there". In this political culture, "people and principles are expendable" and "dissent is not tolerated". Flanagan said he had to accept his "share of blame". Originally, Flanagan had thought that the "only way to beat the Liberals at their own game" was to be ruthless. In May 2018, Cooper, Flanagan, Knopff and Morton were awarded
10670-489: Was "to be taken seriously as human beings and to be treated as any respected human being would be treated." Provost Marcus E. Hobbes complained that the African-American students "wanted to run the University." At around 8 a.m., these students entered the Allen Building, asked everyone inside to leave and promptly barricaded themselves inside. The university called the police and, almost before law enforcement entered
10780-539: Was a faculty member of the Committee of Social Thought at the University of Chicago, where he conducted a number of influential faculty seminars. There were a number of Chicago academics who worked on research projects sympathetic to some of Hayek's own, such as Aaron Director, who was active in the Chicago School in helping to fund and establish what became the "Law and Society" program in the University of Chicago Law School. Hayek and Friedman also cooperated in support of
10890-553: Was a federal party that gave voice to Western Canada 's discontent with the Progressive Conservative (PC) federal government under Prime Minister Brian Mulroney . In the 1990s, the Reform Party attacked Mulroney's federal government – which had been in power for nine years – for the deficit, the GST, and the Charlottetown Accord of 1992. In response, colleagues in University of Calgary's department, where four of
11000-468: Was arrested in 2013 on charges of embezzling funds from the university. The scheme was exposed by the allegations made through a lawsuit, filed by a whistleblower, who had worked as a Duke employee, and discovered the false data. In response to the misconduct settlement, Duke established an advisory panel of academics from Caltech , Stanford and Rockefeller University . Based on the recommendations of this panel, Duke Office of Scientific Integrity (DOSI)
11110-431: Was associated with the Calgary School in the 1990s and early 2000s, but he distanced himself from Flanagan once he became prime minister. In 2010, Flanagan said the Calgary School professors and their students had contributed to the rise of conservative ideas in Canada. In 2018, the four original members of the school received the "Tax Fighter Award" from the Canadian Taxpayers Federation . In 2018, Mark Milke described
11220-541: Was criticized for his "glib" remarks "calling for the assassination of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange", the Conservative party representative said that "Flanagan speaks for himself. He doesn't speak for the government and he hasn't advised the PM for years. I certainly don't share his views." In his 2010 response to an article in the Literary Review of Canada , Flanagan said that conservatives were winning
11330-430: Was dedicated. The distinctive stone used for West Campus and other Duke buildings is said to have seven primary colors and seventeen shades of color. The use of Duke stone has been given partial credit for the university's success: "Duke in fact became a great university in part because it looked like one from the start". During the planning of the Collegiate Gothic buildings, James B. Duke initially suggested
11440-414: Was established under the leadership of Lawrence Carin, an engineering professor who is one of the world's leading experts on machine learning and artificial intelligence The establishment of this office brings Duke's research practices in line with those at peer institutions like Johns Hopkins University . Duke University currently owns 256 buildings on 8,693 acres (35.18 km ) of land, which includes
11550-687: Was founded and edited by Ted Byfield , and later run by his son, Link Byfield . It ceased publication in 2003. Promoting his own successor publication in 2004, Ezra Levant described the Report as having been the only general interest magazine in Western Canada covering the news from a conservative perspective. In 2022, the Alberta Report was returned as an online publication under the ownership of Western Standard New Media Corp. In 1973, Byfield returned to journalism by publishing
11660-486: Was more loosely associated with the group and, at times, disagreed with the others on these public policies and candidates. By 1992, the four professors were influential in the policies of the Reform Party of Canada . The Reform Party had been established in the 1980s, in response to Western Canada 's protest against the Progressive Conservative federal government of Brian Mulroney . The party became
11770-523: Was rebuilt from 1925 to 1927 with Georgian -style buildings. By 1930, the majority of the Collegiate Gothic -style buildings on the campus one mile (1.6 km) west were completed, and construction on West Campus culminated with the completion of Duke Chapel in 1935. In 1878, Trinity (in Randolph County) awarded A.B. degrees to three sisters—Mary, Persis, and Theresa Giles—who had studied both with private tutors and in classes with men. With
11880-604: Was removed from the entrance to Duke University Chapel, after having been vandalized by protesters. In August 2020, the first undergraduates from Duke Kunshan University arrived for their study abroad on Duke's campus. Due to COVID-19, Chinese Duke undergraduate and graduate students unable to travel to the United States were reciprocally hosted at Duke Kunshan campus. In 2006, three men's lacrosse team members were falsely accused of rape , which garnered significant media attention . On April 11, 2007, North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper dropped all charges and declared
11990-638: Was still a political scientist and author who was respected by many . He was a "sought-after commentator in the media with a regular spot on CBC Television, and an effective Conservative political activist who had once served as Prime Minister Stephen Harper's chief of staff." All that ended abruptly in the wake of controversial comments he had made in Lethbridge following his talk on the Indian Act. Flanagan's libertarian response to questions about child pornography met with immediate consequences. He had become
12100-584: Was the Canadian Taxpayers Federation's director, Morton was Alberta Senator-elect, and Boessenkool was chief of staff to Premier Christy Clark . Boessenkool had previously served as Canadian Alliance leader Stockwell Day 's policy adviser. In December 2003, Flanagan worked on the merger of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and the successor to the Reform Party the Canadian Alliance that created
#89910