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35-533: The Marin County Library has a digital collection related to the studio. Their productions included Salomy Jane (1914), Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch (1914), Mignon (1915), and Who's Your Servant? (1920). Frank Erlanger was one of the actors who worked for the studio. Salomy Jane survives in its entirety. George E. Middleton was a director with the studio and Beatriz Michelena

70-410: A film star or cinema star ) is an actor who is famous for their starring, or leading, roles in movies . The term is used for performers who are marketable stars as they become popular household names and whose names are used to promote movies, for example in trailers and posters. The most prominent movie stars are known in the industry as bankable stars . In the early days of silent movies ,

105-399: A marquee . Promotion in advertising led to the release of stories about these personalities to newspapers and fan magazines as part of a strategy to build brand loyalty for their company's actors and films. By the 1920s, Hollywood film company promoters had developed a "massive industrial enterprise" that "...peddled a new intangible—fame." Early Hollywood studios tightly controlled who was

140-696: A few weeks in Los Angeles for their honeymoon. Middleton was the manager of the local Middleton Motor Car Company and the son of a California timber baron. He introduced Michelena to his society friends and business partners, including the trustees of Charles Crocker 's estate who had rebuilt the St. Francis Hotel after the 1906 earthquake and fire . Middleton set up the California Motion Picture Company in San Rafael in 1912 for

175-590: A leading actress. Harold Entwistle and William Nigh also directed films for the company. An announcement of the company's incorporation gives a San Francisco main office address at 356 Pine Street and lists the board of directors as: James Woods, manager of the St. Francis Hotel; Baldwin Wood, attorney; Charles Payne, President Payne Real Estate Company; Thomas B. Eastland, President Coast Realty Co.; A. M. Johnson, Attorney; and Robin Y. Hayne, Capitalist as well as officer from

210-411: A movie star, as only they had the ability to place stars' names above the title; according to film historian Jeanine Basinger , this was done "only for economic reasons". Hollywood "image makers" and promotional agents planted rumors, selectively released real or fictitious biographical information to the press, and used other gimmicks to create glamorous personas for actors. Publicists thus "created"

245-429: A profit, and a lavish production of Faust which was in production in 1915 was given until the end of the year to be completed. Faust was not done by January 1916, and CMPC president Herbert Payne shut the film company down and filed for bankruptcy. Faust was never released. Middleton and Michelena bought the bankrupt film company for "a few thousand dollars" in 1917 and renamed it Michelena Studios. Their new company

280-403: A steamship company and Pacific Telephonen and Telegraph. It was billed as the largest film company in the west. Stage actress Michelena married George E. Middleton, a prominent San Francisco automobile dealer, on Sunday, March 3, 1907. The private wedding took place at 232 Divisadero Street, the home of the parents of bridesmaid Margaret McGovern, "a lifelong friend of the bride". The couple spent

315-483: A timber holding now known as the Middleton Tract . Other filming locations included undeveloped portions of Sonoma, Santa Cruz and Marin counties. In San Rafael, the studio boasted a large glass-walled and -roofed building that let in light but not wind so that shooting for indoor scenes could take place in full light without the telltale flapping of tablecloths and clothing blown by gusts. Considered expensive at

350-581: Is often conferred or withheld, just as love is, for reasons and on grounds other than 'merit'." According to Sofia Johansson the "canonical texts on stardom" include articles by Boorstin (1971), Alberoni (1972) and Dyer (1979) that examined the "representations of stars and on aspects of the Hollywood star system". Johansson writes that "more recent analyses within media and cultural studies (e.g. Gamson 1994; Marshall 1997; Giles 2000; Turner, Marshall and Bonner 2000; Rojek 2001; Turner 2004) have instead dealt with

385-502: Is wooed by four men but prefers a fifth played by British heartthrob House Peters . The movie saw limited nationwide distribution and was judged a hit by viewers who were impressed by the wild California scenery: giant redwood trees , winding roads hugging rocky bluffs and the Russian River Michelena's dominant portrayal of the title role was also an appeal. Journalist Josephine Clifford McCracken wrote of her in

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420-464: The Philippines , their most recognizable thespian consisted of Nora Aunor , Vilma Santos , Sharon Cuneta , Maricel Soriano , Christopher de Leon , Joseph Estrada , Jose Padilla , Fernando Poe Sr. , Fernando Poe Jr. , Rudy Fernandez , Dolphy , Palito , Ramon Zamora , among many more. Philippines first international celebrity and sole in the movie star category was Ernesto dela Cruz under

455-434: The "enduring images" and public perceptions of screen legends such as James Dean , Judy Garland , Rock Hudson , Marilyn Monroe , and Grace Kelly . The development of this " star system " made fame "something that could be fabricated purposely, by the masters of the new 'machinery of glory'." However, regardless of how "...strenuously the star and their media handlers and press agents may ... try to 'monitor' and 'shape' it,

490-408: The 20th century. Other, more recent movie stars include Romalis Syafril, Erra Fazira , Rosyam Nor , Shaheizy Sam and Maya Karin , from Malaysia; Nicholas Saputra , Vino G. Bastian, Dian Sastrowardoyo , Tora Sudiro , and Iko Uwais , from Indonesia; Claudine Baretto, Piolo Pascual , John Lloyd Cruz , Jericho Rosales , Aga Muhlach , Kristine Hermosa, Dingdong Dantes , and Bea Alonzo , from

525-480: The 21st century; Mona Zaki , Ahmed Ezz , Menna Shalabi , Ahmed El Sakka , Karim Abdel Aziz , Sherif Mounir , Nelly Karim , Mohamed Henedi , Mohamed Saad , Donia Samir Ghanem , Ahmed Helmy , Ghada Adel , Khaled El-Nabawy , Ruby , Maged el-Kedwany and many more considered Egyptian Cinema movie stars. Movie stars enjoy considerable prominence in Asia. In Asian film industries, many movies often run on

560-647: The Hindi film industry, commonly known as Bollywood , has its own set of rules in this respect. There are often superstars in this region who command premium pay commensurate with their box office appeal. Some mainstream Indian movie stars, like the Khans of Bollywood ( Aamir Khan , Shah Rukh Khan , Salman Khan ,), Madhubala , Raj Kapoor , Nargis , Mithun Chakraborty , Amitabh Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai gained international fame across Asia and Eastern Europe . For example, Bollywood films were popular in

595-541: The June 1915 issue of Overland Monthly : "Daughter of a renowned tenor of San Francisco's pioneer days, herself a prima donna with an assured place on the modern operatic stage, a girl with a wealth of artistic tradition behind her, Miss Michelena's gifts do not stop there. She has rare beauty, vivacity, wit, intellectual attainments and athletic grace." One CMPC shooting location was on family property near Boulder Creek, California , where Middleton's father had established

630-604: The Soviet Union , more so than Hollywood films and occasionally even domestic Soviet films . Indian actors like Raj Kapoor, Nargis and Mithun Chakroborty were household names in the Soviet Union, with films such as Awaara (1951) and Disco Dancer (1982) drawing more than 60 million viewers in the country. The Hindi film actors Raj Kapoor and Aamir Khan also became very popular in China, with films such as Awaara , 3 Idiots (2009), and Dangal (2016), one of

665-403: The county is heavily developed and branches in the area are typically larger and serve incorporated communities. The western half of the county, West Marin , is largely rural, and the branches in the region are smaller and serve predominantly unincorporated communities. The West Marin branches are administered jointly by a single manager. Movie star A movie star (also known as

700-825: The county's Board of Supervisors. In 1927, Muriel Wright opened its first branch in the basement of what was at the time the County Courthouse in San Rafael. The library has a digital collection related to the California Motion Picture Corporation 's film productions. The library is funded predominantly by a parcel tax levied on properties within its jurisdiction. The Marin County Free Library serves two core communities in Marin County. The eastern half of

735-522: The idea of a pervasive, contemporary, ' celebrity culture '." In the analysis of the celebrity culture, "fame and its constituencies are conceived of as a broader social process, connected to widespread economic, political, technological and cultural developments." In the 1980s and 1990s, entertainment companies began using stars for a range of publicity tactics including press releases, movie junkets, and community activities. These promotional efforts are targeted and designed using market research, to increase

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770-412: The media and the public always play a substantial part in the image-making process." According to Madow, "fame is a 'relational' phenomenon, something that is conferred by others. A person can, within the limits of his natural talents, make himself strong or swift or learned. But he cannot, in this same sense, make himself famous, any more than he can make himself loved." Madow goes on to point out "fame

805-572: The mid-1920s, though Middleton told the 1930 US Census that they were married. The union produced no children. Marin County Library Marin County Free Library is a medium-sized public library system that serves the unincorporated areas of Marin County , as well as municipalities in the County that are not served by a city-run public library. The Marin County Free Library was established in 1926 by

840-400: The names of the actors and actresses appearing in them were not publicized or credited because producers feared this would result in demands for higher salaries. However, audience curiosity soon undermined this policy. By 1909, actresses such as Florence Lawrence and Mary Pickford were already widely recognized, although the public remained unaware of their names. Lawrence was referred to as

875-631: The particular talents and appeal of the most popular movie stars of the studio. Egypt 's famous movie stars in the 20th century include Youssef Wahbi , Fatima Rushdi , Leila Mourad , Anwar Wagdi , Naguib El-Rihani , Taheyya Kariokka , Ismail Yassine , Faten Hamama , Salah Zulfikar , Shadia , Soad Hosny , Shoukry Sarhan , Rushdy Abaza , Nadia Lutfi , Ahmed Mazhar , Sanaa Gamil , Ahmed Zaki , Nour El Sherif , Mervat Amin , Adel Emam , Naglaa Fathi , Yousra , Mahmoud Abdel Aziz , Hussein Fahmy , Sherihan , Mahmoud Yassin and Samir Ghanem . In

910-418: The predictability of success of their media ventures. In some cases, publicity agents may create “provocative advertisements” or make an outrageous public statement to trigger public controversy and thereby generate "free" news coverage. Movie studios employed performers under long-term contracts. They developed a star system as a means of promoting and selling their movies. "Star vehicles" were filmed to display

945-743: The pseudonym Weng Weng , who in 1981 with his hit film the action comedy film For Your Height Only , became the world's first and shortest leading man standing at 2 foot 9 while even with a short lived career the international success of the film has not been topped locally. Indonesia 's movie stars consist of Rima Melati , Deddy Mizwar , Christine Hakim , Rano Karno , and many more. Malaysia 's most renown film celebrities are P. Ramlee , Yusof Haslam , Jins Shamsuddin , Michelle Yeoh , Eman Manan, Alex Komang, etc. Singapore 's most famous included Fauziah Ahmad Daud, Nordin Ahmad, Saadiah, and others are also considered Singaporeans movie stars of

980-463: The purpose of shooting promotional footage of the automobiles he was selling. He determined that his pretty wife could star in movies made by his company. By 1914, Middleton and Michelena were making three major films at the same time. The first feature completed by CMPC was Salomy Jane , screened initially at the St. Francis Hotel by invitation only. Michelena's role was Bret Harte 's Salomy Jane Clay, an energetic daughter of an emigrant miner. She

1015-462: The time, the company used a US$ 1,250 Bell & Howell movie camera, worth about $ 37,600 in current value. The camera held two reels of film so that two negatives were made of each scene. A second $ 700 camera provided a third reel of the same scene, from another perspective. Even though Salomy Jane did not return a profit (likely due to second-string distribution channels), its favorable reception convinced Middleton that his wife could challenge

1050-660: The top 20 highest-grossing films in China . The film industry of the Malay Archipelago (also known as Nusantara ) consists primarily of film industries which made the cinema of Malaysia , Indonesia , the Philippines , and Singapore . Over the past century, these four cinemas have collaborated on a number of projects. A number of actors from this region have become some of the most sought-after movie stars in southeast Asia, commonly in Malay -speaking countries. Many of these movie star have acted in all four countries In

1085-620: The weight of the star's crowd pulling power more than any other intrinsic aspect of film making. A number of Chinese film actors have become some of the most popular movie stars in Eastern Asia , and several are also well known in the Western world. They include Jackie Chan , Jet Li , Chow Yun-fat , Stephen Chow , Sammo Hung , Gong Li , Ziyi Zhang , Maggie Cheung , and the late Bruce Lee . The Indian film industry consists of various regional cinema industries. One regional cinema,

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1120-529: The world's top movie star , Mary Pickford , and almost all CMPC movies had her as their star. Unfortunately, Michelena's ego expanded with the glowing reviews of her skill, and her demands for star treatment brought heavier expenses to productions that continued to lose money. Mignon , The Lily of Poverty Flat , A Phyllis of the Sierras , Salvation Nell and The Rose of the Misty Pool all failed to turn

1155-665: The “Biograph Girl” because she worked for D. W. Griffith 's Biograph Studios , while Pickford was "Little Mary." In 1910, Lawrence switched to the Independent Moving Pictures Company , began appearing under her own name, and was hailed as "America's foremost moving picture star" in IMP literature. Pickford began appearing under her own name in 1911. The Independent Moving Pictures Company promoted their "picture personalities", including Florence Lawrence and King Baggot , by giving them billing , credits and

1190-493: Was called Beatriz Michelena Features, and shooting began on their next feature-length film, Just Squaw . Michelena's lead character was a white woman raised by American Indians, a woman who does not realize her racial heritage until after she falls into forbidden love with a white man. The movie played for only a week in San Francisco in 1919, and did not return a profit. The moviemakers' new distributor, Robertson-Cole ,

1225-424: Was unable to find the right market for Heart of Juanita and The Flame of Hellgate in 1920. American audiences had grown more sophisticated, yet Michelena Studios was still employing their earlier production techniques. After shooting The Flame of Hellgate , Middleton and Michelena stopped making movies altogether. She returned to her singing performances and he returned to his car sales. They reportedly divorced in

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