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28-612: Originally called the "Calvert Street Bridge", it was designed by Paul Philippe Cret in a neoclassical style and built in 1935. It was rededicated as the Duke Ellington Bridge following the death of the Washington native and famous band leader in 1974. It is a limestone structure with three graceful 146-foot (45 m) arches. There are four sculptural reliefs on the abutments measuring three feet high by four feet wide. The classical reliefs by Leon Hermant represent

56-552: A breakthrough that led to many war memorials, civic buildings, court houses, and other solid, official structures. His work through the 1920s was firmly in the Beaux-Arts tradition, but with the radically simplified classical form of the Folger Shakespeare Library , built between 1929 and 1932, he flexibly adopted and applied monumental classical traditions to modernist innovations. Some of Cret's work

84-558: A singular history of American art and architecture as constructed by its creators. The academy organizes major exhibitions and loans their works to leading institutions around the world, in addition to providing resources that foster scholarship across disciplines. Among the teaching staff were numerous artists, including Will Hicok Low , who taught from 1889 to 1892. Another was Charles Louis Hinton, whose long tenure started in 1901. The famous American poet William Cullen Bryant also gave lectures. Architect Alexander Jackson Davis taught at

112-460: A tool for education, celebrates the role of artists and architects in public life, and serves as a catalyst for cultural conversations that propel society forward. According to the academy, its 450 National Academicians "are professional artists and architects who are elected to membership by their peers annually." After three years and some tentative names, in 1828 the academy found its longstanding name "National Academy of Design", under which it

140-419: Is remarkably streamlined and forward thinking, and includes collaborations with sculptors such as Alfred Bottiau and Leon Hermant . In the late 1920s, he was brought in as design consultant on Fellheimer and Wagner's, which is the present-day Cincinnati Union Terminal , built between 1929 and 1933 during Art Deco 's peak of popularity in architectural style in the U.S. In 1927, Cret became a U.S. citizen. Cret

168-675: The Athenaeum of Philadelphia in 2011. An exhibit of his train designs, All Aboard! Paul P. Cret's Train Designs , was displayed at the Athenaeum of Philadelphia from July 5, 2012 to August 24, 2012. With a collection of 17,000 drawings and more than 3,000 photographs, the Athenaeum of Philadelphia has the largest archive of Cret's work. After years of limited activity, Cret died in Philadelphia of heart disease on September 8, 1945. He

196-698: The Battle of Gettysburg , President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicated Cret's Eternal Light Peace Memorial (1938). For the Pennsylvania Historical Commission, the predecessor of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC), Cret designed plaques that would mark places and buildings in Pennsylvania where historical events had transpired. Following Cret's death in 1945, his four partners assumed

224-870: The Delaware River between Philadelphia and South Jersey , and the Duke Ellington Bridge in Washington, D.C. Cret's students included Louis Kahn , who studied under him at the University of Pennsylvania and worked in Cret's architectural office in 1929 and 1930. Other notable architects who studied under Cret include Alfred Easton Poor , Charles I. Barber , William Ward Watkin , Edwin A. Keeble , Alfred Bendiner , and Chinese architect Lin Huiyin . Cret designed war memorials, including

252-709: The French Army for the duration of the war, and was awarded the Croix de Guerre and made an officer in the Legion of Honor . Cret's practice in the U.S. began in 1907. His first major commission, designed with Albert Kelsey , was the Pan American Union Building , (the headquarters of what is now the Organization of American States ), in Washington D.C. , which was built between 1908 and 1910,

280-1054: The National Memorial Arch at Valley Forge National Historical Park (1914–17), the Pennsylvania Memorial at the Meuse-Argonne Battlefield in Varennes-en-Argonne, France (1927), the Chateau-Thierry American Monument in Aisne, France (1930), the American War Memorial at Gibraltar , and the Flanders Field American Cemetery and Memorial in Waregem, Belgium (1937). On the 75th anniversary of

308-590: The Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg . [REDACTED] Media related to Paul Philippe Cret at Wikimedia Commons National Academy of Design The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists , founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse , Asher Durand , Thomas Cole , Martin E. Thompson , Charles Cushing Wright , Ithiel Town , and others "to promote

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336-635: The University of Pennsylvania . Born in Lyon , France, Cret was educated at that city's École des Beaux-Arts , then in Paris, where he studied at the atelier of Jean-Louis Pascal . In 1903, Cret came to the United States to teach at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia . After having settled in the U.S., Cret was visiting France when World War I broke out. He enlisted and remained in

364-523: The National Academy of Design. The mission of the academy, from its foundation, was to "promote the fine arts in America through exhibition and education." In 2015, the academy struggled with financial hardship. In the next few years, it closed its museum and art school, and created an endowment through the sale of its New York real estate holdings. Today, the academy advocates for the arts as

392-481: The academy occupied a mansion at 1083 Fifth Avenue , near 89th Street; it had been the home of sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington and philanthropist Archer M. Huntington , who donated the house in 1940. The National Academy of Design shared offices and galleries with the National Arts Club located inside the historic Samuel J. Tilden House , 14-15 Gramercy Park South from 2019 until 2023. Currently

420-476: The academy, its board composed of merchants, lawyers, and physicians, and from its unsympathetic president, the painter John Trumbull . Samuel Morse and other students set about forming a drawing association to meet several times each week for the study of the art of design. Still, the association was viewed as a dependent organization of the American Academy, from which they felt neglected. An attempt

448-733: The article "Animals in Christian Art" for the Catholic Encyclopedia . Cret won the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects in 1938. Ill health forced his resignation from teaching in 1937. He served on the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1940 to 1945. Cret's work was displayed in the exhibit, From the Bastille to Broad Street: The Influence of France on Philadelphia Architecture , at

476-416: The basis of recognized excellence. Full members of the National Academy are identified by the post-nominal "NA" (National Academician), associates by "ANA". At the heart of the National Academy is their ever-growing collection. Academicians choose and contribute a work of their own creation, building upon the academy's distinguished legacy. Today, their permanent collection totals over 8,000 works and tells

504-528: The fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition." Membership is limited to 450 American artists and architects, who are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence. The original founders of the National Academy of Design were students of the American Academy of the Fine Arts . However, by 1825 the students of the American Academy felt a lack of support for teaching from

532-523: The four modes of travel: automobile, train, ship, and plane. The bridge replaced one built in 1891 by the Rock Creek Railway to carry streetcars. The bridge was a steel trestle bridge with wooden decking, 750 feet (230 m) long and 130 feet (40 m) high. To avoid streetcar service disruption, the old bridge was moved 80 feet (24 m) south during the construction of the new replacement Calvert Street Bridge; however, streetcar service

560-406: The home of the National Academy of Design is at 519 West 26th Street, 2nd Floor with offices as well as meeting, event and exhibition space. The academy is a professional honorary organization, with a school and a museum. One cannot apply for membership, which since 1994, after many changes in numbers, is limited to 450 American artists and architects. Instead, members are elected by their peers on

588-415: The practice under the partnership Harbeson, Hough, Livingston & Larson , which for years was referred to by staff members as H2L2. The firm officially adopted this nickname as its formal title in 1976. H2L2 celebrated 100 years in 2007. Witold Rybczynski has speculated that Cret is not better known today due to his influence on fascist and Nazi architecture , such as Albert Speer 's Zeppelinfeld at

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616-583: The years. Notable among them was a building on Park Avenue and 23rd Street designed by architect P. B. Wight and built 1863–1865 in a Venetian Gothic style modeled on the Doge's Palace in Venice . Another location was at West 109th Street and Amsterdam Avenue . From 1906 to 1941, the academy occupied the American Fine Arts Society building at 215 West 57th Street. From 1942 to 2019,

644-476: Was discontinued before the new bridge opened. This article about a bridge in Washington, D.C. is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Paul Philippe Cret Paul Philippe Cret (October 23, 1876 – September 8, 1945) was a French-born Philadelphia architect and industrial designer . For more than thirty years, he taught at a design studio in the Department of Architecture at

672-572: Was elected into the National Academy of Design as an associate member, and became a full academician in 1938. Cret's contributions to the railroad industry included designing the side fluting on Burlington 's Pioneer Zephyr , which debuted in 1934, and the Santa Fe 's Super Chief passenger cars , which were completed in 1936. He was a contributor to Architectural Record , American Architect , and The Craftsman . He wrote

700-599: Was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1928. In 1931, the regents of the University of Texas at Austin commissioned Cret to design a master plan for the campus, and build the Beaux-Art Main Building , which was constructed between 1934 and 1937 and is the university's signature building structure. Cret went on to collaborate on about 20 additional buildings on the University of Texas at Austin campus. In 1935, he

728-750: Was interred at The Woodlands in Philadelphia. Cret taught in the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania for over 30 years, and designed the overall design for the Ellen Phillips Samuel Memorial in Fairmount Park , the Rodin Museum in Philadelphia , the master plan for the University of Texas at Austin , the Benjamin Franklin Bridge , one of the primary bridges across

756-507: Was known to one and a half centuries. In 1997, newly appointed director Annette Blaugrund rebranded the institution as the "National Academy Museum and School of Fine Art", to reflect "a new spirit of integration incorporating the association of artists, museum, and school", and to avoid confusion with the now differently understood term " design ". This change was reversed in 2017. The academy occupied several locations in Manhattan over

784-525: Was made to reconcile differences and maintain a single academy by appointing six of the artists from the association as directors of the American Academy. When four of the nominees were not elected, however, the frustrated artists resolved to form a new academy and the National Academy of Design was born. Morse had been a student at the Royal Academy in London and emulated its structure and goals for

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