The Canadian Army Trophy ( CAT ) is a tank gunnery competition established to foster excellence, camaraderie and competition among the armoured forces of the NATO countries in Western Europe .
74-592: The trophy is a miniature sterling silver replica of a Canadian Army Centurion tank . It is now located at CFB (Canadian Forces Base) Gagetown in New Brunswick, Canada; home of the Canadian Armour School. The Canadian Army Trophy (CAT) competition started in 1963 when the Canadian government donated a silver replica of a Centurion tank to the country that obtained the highest score during
148-437: A battle-axe and key in saltire of the first. Crest On a wreath Argent and Vert between two branches of oak Proper a tower Or charged with an escutcheon per pale Tenné and Azure and surmounted with a lion's head erased Gules. Motto SUPERO OMNIA (To Surpass All). The gold of the shield is the color for Armor. The fleurs-de-lis symbolize the organization's Normandy and Northern France campaigns. The chevron "in point embowed" recalls
222-407: A black tarnish during exposure to airborne compounds of sulfur (byproducts of the burning of fossil fuels and some industrial processes), and low level ozone reacts to form silver oxide. As the purity of the silver decreases, the problem of corrosion or tarnishing increases because other metals in the alloy, usually copper, may react with oxygen in the air. The black silver sulfide (Ag 2 S)
296-419: A ceremony held Tuesday on Brooks Field, the 2nd Battalion, 81st Armor Regiment cased its colors, then immediately uncased the colors of—and re-designated itself as—the 1st Battalion, 81st Armor Regiment. Following the uncasing of the 1-81 colors, Lt. Col. Larry Reeves relinquished his command of the armor regiment to Lt. Col. Darrell Green. Col. David Thompson, the commander of the 194th Armored Brigade, welcomed
370-588: A contrast to the progressive debasement of the intervening 200 years, and would therefore be a likely source for a nickname. S.E. Rigold disputes the origin being Norman, stating, "that, while medieval British coins seldom copy or are copied by those of France, they have many typological connexions with the lands to the east—the Netherlands, the Baltic, Germany, and even deeper regions of central Europe." A piece of sterling silver dating from Henry II 's reign
444-488: A maximum platoon score of 22,600 points. The main gun targets were at ranges between 1,600-3,000 meters and would remain standing after being hit until presentation time, 40 seconds, had expired. No target would be presented twice, so the judges could actually count holes in the targets to verify target hits; "cookie bites" did not count as hits. This was the first year that United States won the CAT and had two platoons placing among
518-523: A minimum millesimal fineness of 925. Fine silver , which is 99.9% pure silver, is relatively soft, so silver is usually alloyed with copper to increase its hardness and strength. Sterling silver is prone to tarnishing , and elements other than copper can be used in alloys to reduce tarnishing, as well as casting porosity and firescale . Such elements include germanium , zinc , platinum , silicon , and boron . Recent examples of these alloys include argentium , sterlium and silvadium . One of
592-499: A shield blazoned: Per fess enhanced Or and Sable, a chevron in point embowed between two fleurs-de-lis Vert and in base a battle-axe and key in saltire of the first. Attached below and to the sides of the shield is a Gold scroll inscribed "SUPERO OMNIA" in Black letters. The gold of the shield is the color for Armor. The fleurs-de-lis symbolize the organization's Normandy and Northern France campaigns. The chevron "in point embowed" recalls
666-719: A tank gunnery competition that was hosted by the Canadian Army 4th Mechanized Brigade forward deployed in West Germany. This tank replica later became known as the Canadian Army Trophy for NATO Tank Gunnery. The competition was established to foster excellence, camaraderie and competition among the armor forces of the NATO countries in Western Europe. The winner of the Canadian Army Trophy, which remains
740-432: Is among the most insoluble salts in aqueous solution , a property that is exploited for separating silver ions from other positive ions . Sodium chloride (NaCl) or common table salt is known to corrode silver-copper alloy, typically seen in silver salt shakers where corrosion appears around the holes in the top. Several products have been developed for the purpose of polishing silver that serve to remove sulfur from
814-504: Is being held at the Ādaži training ground in Latvia. Tanks crews and combat vehicles from seven NATO countries, Italy, Canada, Great Britain, Norway, Poland, Spain and Germany, are in the exercises. 11 tankbataljon / B squadron / 2e troop - winning troop of tanks. Sterling silver Sterling silver is an alloy composed by weight of 92.5% silver and 7.5% other metals , usually copper . The sterling silver standard has
SECTION 10
#1732790248977888-606: Is from William Camden , as quoted in Chamber's Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Arts , Volume 4. By 1854, the tie between Easterling and Sterling was well-established, as Ronald Zupko quotes in his dictionary of weights. The British numismatist Philip Grierson disagrees with the "star" etymology, as the stars appeared on Norman pennies only for the single three-year issue from 1077 to 1080 (the Normans changed coin designs every three years). Grierson's proposed alternative
962-473: Is that sterling derives from ster meaning 'strong' or 'stout', by analogy with the Byzantine solidus , originally known as the solidus aureus meaning 'solid gold' or 'reliable gold'. In support of this he cites the fact that one of the first acts of the Normans was to restore the coinage to the consistent weight and purity it had in the days of Offa, King of Mercia . This would have been perceived as
1036-738: The Gulf War , and hence it was a competition solely between Leopard 1 and Leopard 2 tanks. This was to be the last competition as the 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group left Germany in 1993, resulting in the end of the CAT competitions. In 1997 the competition began again, but only between the United States and Canada as the CANAM Cup . The Canadians won in 1997, 2000, and 2002. The American teams won in 1999 and 2003. Since 2017, NATO resumed its organized tank competition, also in Latvia, under
1110-580: The Maneuver Center of Excellence, Fort Moore, GA . The 81st Armored Regiment (Medium) was activated on 1 October 1941 at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and assigned to the 5th Armored Division . It was subsequently redesignated as the 81st Armored Regiment on 1 January 1942 and moved to Camp Cooke, California on 16 February 1942 and to the California Maneuver Area on 14 August 1942. It returned to Camp Cooke on 19 November 1942 and moved to
1184-652: The Queen's Own Hussars . Held on Range 9 at Bergen-Hohne on 20 to 24 June, teams competed corresponding to their army group assignments within the Central Region, from Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) or Central Army Group (CENTAG). NORTHAG consisted of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR)'s British I Corps , American III Corps Forward, German I Corps, Netherlands' I Corps, and Belgian I Corps. CENTAG consisted of
1258-499: The United States . CENTAG fielded teams from Canada , West Germany and the United States . The British (3-tank) tank platoons were presented 24 targets, while the other countries' 4-tank platoons were presented with 32 targets during the battle runs. Scoring was based on target hits, hit times, ammunition bonuses (only if all targets were hit), and hit bonuses (only if all targets were hit), machine gun hits, and penalties with
1332-451: The 1977 competition, 3-tank platoons (or strong sections for 5-tank platoons) are now required to fire and move over a course, termed a "battle run," designed to test their gunnery skills under more realistic conditions. Each battle run consists of firing from stationary positions and while on the move, at both stationary and moving targets. 4-Tank platoons were incorporated beginning with the 1981 competition. The trophy and awards were given to
1406-506: The 1st Armor Training Brigade. On 15 September 1997, the battalion accepted the attachment of the 233d Transportation Company (FORSCOM) from the 19th Engineer Battalion. From 1 June 2004 through 30 April 2006 the battalion also had 3 Cavalry OSUT Troops attached: Golf, Hotel and India Troops from 6th Squadron, 15th Cavalry. From 2007 to 2008, the battalion oversaw 19D OSUT training with the addition of two Cavalry Troops, India and Lima Troops, from 5th Squadron, 15th Cavalry. On 2 June 2010,
1480-688: The 1st and 3rd. The 1st Battalion is assigned to the 194th Armor Brigade , Fort Moore , GA. Responsible for training enlisted Armor Crewmen and Armor Maintainers for the US Army and US Marines on armored warfare vehicles such as the M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank, and the M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle platform. The 3rd Battalion is assigned to the 199th Infantry Brigade and is currently the Provost battalion for
1554-484: The 3d battalion, 81st Armored Regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System. The battalion was reassigned to the 5th Armored Division. On 25 March 1987, the battalion was relieved from assignment to the 5th Armored Division and re-designated at Fort Knox, Kentucky as a training battalion. On 1 October 1991, the battalion was again deactivated. The current mission of the battalion begins with
SECTION 20
#17327902489771628-529: The 707th Tank Battalion, where it saw combat as part of both the 5th and 7th Armored Divisions. As part of the drive through Europe the 707th participated in the campaigns of Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe. The 707th was awarded the Luxembourg Croix de Guerre, World War II streamer, for its outstanding wartime service. Following its successful campaigns in Europe
1702-500: The 707th was inactivated at Boston, Massachusetts, on 8 October 1945. In the early months of the Korean War the battalion was re-designated as the 94th Medium Tank Battalion, 7th Armored Division and reactivated again on 24 November 1950, at Camp Roberts, California, where it remained until inactivated on 15 November 1953. On 3 February 1962, the battalion was relieved from assignment to the 7th Armored Division and re-designated as
1776-494: The 81st Armor. The coat of arms was originally approved for the 81st Medium Tank Battalion on 18 April 1953. It was amended to correct the spelling of the Latin motto on 19 April 1954. It was redesignated for the 81st Armor Regiment on 31 January 1962. The insignia was amended to add a crest on 25 November 1964. It was amended to correct the wording in the blazon of the crest on 29 October 1965. Requesting additional information for
1850-606: The 81st Tank Battalion headed to Europe in July 1944 to participate in the battles for Normandy and Northern France. The unit was successful in liberating Luxembourg City on 10 September 1944. As December 1944 crept closer, the battalion entered the Huertgen Forest in the Alsace Region of France. The battalion then rested and refitted for the final push into Germany. The unit spearheaded the 5th Armored Division's drive to
1924-593: The Baltic merchants were called "Osterlings", or "Easterlings". In 1260, Henry III granted them a charter of protection. Because the League's money was not frequently debased like that of England, English traders stipulated to be paid in pounds of the Easterlings, which was contracted to sterling . Their Kontor , the Steelyard of London , was called Easterlings Hall, or Esterlingeshalle . The Hanseatic League
1998-791: The Battle of the Bulge, the Ardennes-Alsace campaign. The key, occurring frequently in the civic arms of the towns of Rheinprovinz (the province in which the Rhine River crossing was made and the Siegfried line breached), symbolizes the Rhineland campaign. Symbolical of the important successes of this campaign, it allegorically represents the "Key to Victory" in Europe. The battle-axe, a favorite Teutonic weapon and heraldic charge throughout
2072-447: The Battle of the Bulge, the Ardennes-Alsace campaign. The key, occurring frequently in the civic arms of the towns of Rheinprovinz (the province in which the Rhine River crossing was made and the Siegfried line breached), symbolizes the Rhineland campaign. Symbolical of the important successes of this campaign, it allegorically represents the "Key to Victory" in Europe. The battle-axe, a favorite Teutonic weapon and heraldic charge throughout
2146-974: The German II and III Corps, the American V and VII Corps, and 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group . This was the first year that the M1 Abrams participated in the competition, utilized by Charlie Company, 3/64 Armor Battalion , 3rd Infantry Division. The other two US tank companies were utilizing the M60 Patton tank. With the M1, Charlie Company's three platoons scored in second, third and eighth place. 1st Platoon Charlie Company, shooting on Day 1, scored in Second place overall with 19,294 points behind West Germany's 1st Platoon 2nd Company, 293rd Panzer Battalion. The West German Platoon, shooting on Day 3 after seeing all of
2220-709: The Marines were moved to 1-81AR, and C CO became a part of 194th AR BDE. The new Battalion formed from THE MCOE Band, B CO 3-81 AR missioned to oversee the Maneuver Captain Career Course, P TRP 316 CAV with the IMSO mission, and HHC MCoE. In its many forms and under various designations, 3d Battalion, 81st Armored Regiment has a long and proud history of service to our Army in time of peace and war. A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 inches (2.9 cm) in height overall consisting of
2294-461: The Netherlands , West Germany and the United States . Since 1963 the competition format has undergone numerous changes. Originally, single tanks fired from fixed points at known ranges. Following the 1968 and again after the 1975 competitions, the rules and procedures of the competition were changed to more accurately reflect combat conditions. The 1970, 1973 and 1975 competitions incorporated tank sections, consisting of two tanks; while beginning in
Canadian Army Trophy - Misplaced Pages Continue
2368-629: The Rhine River and became the first unit to cross the Siegfried Line into the Rhineland, crossing the Rhine in March 1945. It then drove to the Elbe, 45 miles from Berlin, and was engaged in mopping up German resistance in the Ninth Army sector. Post-World War II Upon returning from the battlefields of Europe, the battalion was inactivated in the fall of 1945. Except for seven months in 1950, it
2442-549: The Tennessee Maneuver Area on 24 March 1943. The 81st arrived at Pine Camp, New York, on 24 June 1943 where it was redesignated (less 3d Battalion, Maintenance Company, Service Company and Reconnaissance Company) as the 81st Tank Battalion on 20 September 1943. The 3d Battalion and Reconnaissance Company were redesignated at the 707th Tank Battalion (a unit of the 7th Armored Division ) and Troop E, 85th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, respectively. The remainder of
2516-604: The UK's Royal Hussars at the 1987 competition was the subject of a front-page story in London's Sunday Telegraph , June 21, 1987, titled "NATO Allies Outgun Britain's New Battle Tanks". However, in battle conditions the British entry went on to be recognised as arguably the world's pre-eminent tank. The 1977 competition was the first time an American team had participated, C Company 2-81 Armor ; but came in last place. The competition
2590-769: The United Kingdom , West Germany and the United States . The Netherlands team did not compete due to a contractual issue with their military union. 1979 was the first year the US team ( M Company, 3/2nd ACR in 1979) did not finish last. M Company, 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment , won recognition as the high scoring tank platoon in USAEUR tank gunnery in 1978 (1st Platoon, Lt. Andersson), with platoon leaders Lt. Krause (3rd), and Lt. Socha (2nd) following closely. Several individual crew members extended their tour with M Company, 3/2 ACR and carried considerable experience with them to
2664-541: The United States) in teams corresponding to their army group assignments within the Central Region. Units were therefore either members of the Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) or Central Army Group (CENTAG). The Canadian Army Trophy is now presented to the winning Army Group and awards were given to the three best scoring platoons of each Army Group. The winner of the Canadian Army Trophy, which remains
2738-638: The battalion assumed command and control of Delta Company, Echo Company and the Ordnance Training Detachment thereby assuming the mission of advanced individual training for 91A and 91M and Marine Corps armor instructors. On 1 OCT 2014 the BN was re-missioned under the 199th INF BDE during the MCOE re-organization to serve as the Army's very first PROVOST BN. A CO departed to 316 CAV, OTD, E CO, and
2812-422: The best scoring team. After the 1981 competition, additional changes were made to provide better means of achieving the aims of the CAT competition and to reflect the intended nature of the event, namely, a competition among the land forces of the Central Region. Accordingly, the 1983 CAT competition format organized units from the six participating nations (Belgium, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, and
2886-483: The boudoir (dresser trays, mirrors, hair and suit brushes, pill bottles, manicure sets, shoehorns , perfume bottles, powder bottles, hair clips ) and even to children (cups, cutlery , rattles ). Other uses for sterling silver include: Silver is not a very reactive metal and does not react with oxygen or water at ordinary temperatures, so does not easily oxidize. However, it is attacked by common components of atmospheric pollution . Silver sulfide slowly appears as
2960-521: The competition by placing with its old M60A1 tanks, which used optical rangefinder technology from the World War II era. This showed the value of local course knowledge over pure technology. The M1IP Abrams made its debut in the 1985 competition held on Range 9 at Bergen-Hohne, which contained small upgrades to the M1 Abrams that was previously used for the first time in the 1983 competition. This
3034-550: The competition rotated between the different participating nations. In 1981 the responsibility shifted to the two Army Groups, Central Army Group (CENTAG) or Northern Army Group (NORTHAG). When CENTAG hosted the competition, it was held in Grafenwöhr; likewise when NORTHAG hosted, it was in Bergen-Hohne. The failures of a nation's entrant to place well at the CAT have had considerable defence industry impact. The showing of
Canadian Army Trophy - Misplaced Pages Continue
3108-502: The competition. The 1981 competition was held on Range 10 at Grafenwöhr. There were 24 platoons competing from Belgium , Canada , the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , West Germany and the United States . The M60A3 used by the USA entry was the final development of the M60A3 until the 2001 IFCS modification produced by Raytheon and sold to Jordan .The United Kingdom was represented by
3182-426: The creation, on 20 July 1965, of Committee Group. This unit was activated at Fort Knox with the mission of providing training support to Initial Entry Training soldiers. On 2 March 1986, Committee Group was re-designated as Training Group, the battalion was placed under the operational control of the 4th Training Brigade. On 30 July 1993, Training Group was re-designated 3d Battalion, 81st Armored Regiment and attached to
3256-415: The crowd. Thompson then directed his attention to the incoming commander. Reeves then took the podium. He went on to thank former post commanders Maj. Gen. Donald Campbell and Maj. Gen. James Milano, Command Sgts. Maj. John Troxell and Ricky Young, Garrison Commander Col. Rick Schwartz, and a long list of others who supported Reeves during his command. Reeves then thanked the squadron’s drill sergeants,
3330-467: The duties of deputy commander for the 194th. The "Royal Lions" have performed a number of varied and challenging missions over the decades. The battalion was constituted on 28 August 1941, as Company C, 81st Armor Regiment and activated at Fort Knox, Kentucky, on 1 October of that year. Following America's entry into the Second World War, on 20 September 1943, the battalion was re-designated as
3404-549: The earliest attestations of the term is in Old French form esterlin , in a charter of the abbey of Les Préaux , dating to either 1085 or 1104. The English chronicler Orderic Vitalis (1075 – c. 1142) uses the Latin forms libræ sterilensium and libræ sterilensis monetæ . The word in origin refers to the newly introduced Norman silver penny . According to the Oxford English Dictionary ,
3478-507: The entire medieval period, signifies the Central Europe campaign. The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 81st Medium Tank Battalion on 18 April 1953. It was amended to correct the spelling of the Latin motto on 19 April 1954. The insignia was redesignated for the 81st Armor Regiment on 31 January 1962. Per fess enhanced Or and Sable, in chief a chevron in point embowed between two fleurs-de-lis Vert and in base
3552-513: The entire medieval period, signifies the Central Europe campaign. The red lion's head is adapted from the Arms of the Duchy of Luxembourg and the gold tower alludes to the successful accomplishment of the unit's mission in that area in World War II. The oak leaves symbolize honor, victory and valor and the shield, in the colors of the Luxembourg Croix de Guerre, alludes to the award of that decoration to
3626-874: The following: carving knife and fork, salad knife and fork, cold meat fork, punch ladle , soup ladle, gravy ladle, casserole -serving spoon, berry spoon, lasagna server, macaroni server, asparagus server, cucumber server, tomato server, olive spoon, cheese scoop, fish knife and fork , pastry server, petit four server, cake knife, bon bon spoon, salt spoon , sugar sifter or caster and crumb remover with brush. Cutlery sets were often accompanied by tea sets , hot water pots, chocolate pots, trays and salvers , goblets, demitasse cups and saucers, liqueur cups, bouillon cups, egg cups, plates, napkin rings, water and wine pitchers and coasters, candelabra and even elaborate centerpieces. The interest in sterling silver extended to business ( paper clips , mechanical pencils , letter openers, calling card boxes, cigarette cases ), to
3700-504: The gaps with a solder of 80 wt% silver and 20 wt% bronze. Finally, they would file and polish their work to remove all seams, finishing off with engraving and stamping the smith's mark. The American revolutionary Paul Revere was regarded as one of the best silversmiths from this "Golden Age of American Silver". Following the Revolutionary War , Revere acquired and made use of a silver rolling mill from England. Not only did
3774-497: The metal without damaging or warping it. Because harsh polishing and buffing can permanently damage and devalue a piece of antique silver, valuable items are typically hand-polished to preserve the unique patinas of older pieces. Techniques such as wheel polishing , which are typically performed by professional jewelers or silver repair companies, are reserved for extreme tarnish or corrosion. 81st Armor Regiment The 81st Armor Regiment currently has two active battalions,
SECTION 50
#17327902489773848-413: The mill, such as flatware. With the onset of the first Industrial Revolution , silversmithing declined as an artistic occupation. From about 1840 to 1940 in the United States and Europe, sterling silver cutlery (US: 'flatware') became de rigueur when setting a proper table . There was a marked increase in the number of silver companies that emerged during that period. The height of the silver craze
3922-499: The moment of their runs hampered visibility and caused them to underperform. Two platoons from Royal Canadian Dragoons came last and 18th out of 20. This furthered domestic criticism about Canada's commitment to Europe's defense as well as the quality of its military. In the 1987 competition held on Range 301 center lane at Grafenwöhr, there were a total of 24 platoons competing (12 from NORTHAG and 12 from CENTAG ). There were significant rules and conditions changes made that governed
3996-519: The most plausible etymology is a derivation from a late Old English steorling (with, or like, a 'little star'), as some early Norman pennies were imprinted with a small star. Another argument is that the Hanseatic League was the source for both the origin of its definition and manufacture, and in its name is that the German name for the Baltic is Ostsee , or 'East Sea', and from this
4070-550: The name ‘Iron Spear.’ In 2023, a British crew operating the Challenger 2 tank scored the most points. In 2024, the competition has reverted to its original name. The objective of the CAT 24 tank maneuvers is to jointly work on tactics, techniques, and procedures. The shooting competition is designed to enhance and integrate the firepower of allies, as the announced by the command of the Latvian Armed Forces and
4144-433: The preparation and conduct of the competition, each Army Group would designate a minimum of one company from two different battalions; each separate brigade designates a minimum of two companies per country's Corps. The random selection of the tank companies to compete would be made by AFCENT (Allied Forces Central Europe) no later than 1 April 1987. NORTHAG fielded teams from Belgium , UK, the Netherlands , West Germany and
4218-447: The property of Canada, retains it until the next competition and is responsible for its safe custody. NORTHAG consisted of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR)'s British I Corps , American 2nd Armored Division (Forward), German I Corps, Netherlands' I Corps, and Belgian I Corps. CENTAG consisted of the German II and III Corps, the American V and VII Corps, and the Canadian 4th Brigade. The responsibility of organizing and hosting
4292-542: The property of Canada, retains it until the next competition and is responsible for its safe custody. The competition was held annually through 1968; and in 1970 it was decided that it would be held every two years at Bergen-Hohne, West Germany beginning with a competition in 1973; later the competition would also be held at Grafenwöhr. Each member country was invited to field a 'team' (a tank company of four platoons of 3 AFVs) to represent their respective Armies. Nations represented included Canada , Belgium , United Kingdom ,
4366-425: The rolling mill increase his rate of production —hammering and flattening silver took most of a silversmith's time—he was able to roll and sell silver of appropriate, uniform thickness to other silversmiths. He retired a wealthy artisan, his success partly due to this strategic investment. Although he is celebrated for his beautiful hollowware , Revere made his fortune primarily on low-end goods produced by
4440-506: The silver, which become increasingly brittle and difficult to shape. To restore the workability, the silversmith would anneal the piece—that is, heat it to a dull red and then quench it in water—to relieve the stresses in the material and return it to a more ductile state. Hammering required more time than all other silver manufacturing processes, and therefore accounted for the majority of labor costs. Silversmiths would then seam parts together to create complex and artistic items, sealing
4514-481: The standard set by the London Goldsmiths Company : sterling silver consisted of 91.5–92.5% by weight silver and 8.5–7.5 wt% copper. Stamping each of their pieces with their personal maker's mark , colonial silversmiths relied upon their own status to guarantee the quality and composition of their products. Colonial silversmiths used many of the techniques developed by those in Europe. Casting
SECTION 60
#17327902489774588-496: The tank instructors, his “austere” staff, the company command teams, and Command Sgt. Maj. Derek Cornwall. Before concluding Reeves also gave special thanks to his wife and family, then addressed the troops on the field. Reeves stopped to hug Green and shake his hand as Green prepared to address the audience. Green served as the battalion operations officer for 2-81 Armor in 2007, and as the 194th Armored Brigade's operations officer in 2008. One year later, on May 6, 2009, he assumed
4662-521: The target arrays, won with the highest score of 21,153 points out of a maximum of 28,100 with their Leopard 1 tank. Charlie Company's Third Platoon shot third place with 18,068 points, and the Second Platoon shot eighth place with 16,116 points. Many individuals involved with Charlie Company for CAT '83 extended their tour of duty of Germany to participate in CAT '85 with Alpha Company, 3/64 Armor . Finally, Charlie Company, 2/66 Armor surprised
4736-514: The top three; 1st platoon D Company 4-8 Cavalry took top tank platoon honors and 1st Platoon A Company 3-64 Armor , scored third in the competition. The United Kingdom did not field a team during the 1989 competition held on Range 9 at Bergen-Hohne. It was the only time that night battle runs were incorporated into the competition. Cat '89 was won by the Dutch 41 Tankbat Alfa esquadron . The United States and United Kingdom did not field teams due to
4810-571: The troy ounce. This is (not precisely) equivalent to a millesimal fineness of 926. In Colonial America , sterling silver was used for currency and general goods as well. Between 1634 and 1776, some 500 silversmiths created items in the "New World" ranging from simple buckles to ornate Rococo coffee pots. Although silversmiths of this era were typically familiar with all precious metals, they primarily worked in sterling silver. The colonies lacked an assay office during this time (the first would be established in 1814), so American silversmiths adhered to
4884-793: The unit was disbanded. The 81st Tank Battalion left the New York Port of Embarkation (NYPE) on 11 February 1944 and arrived in England on 23 February 1944, and then in France on 25 July 1944. Its August 1945 location was Bleicherode , Germany. It returned to the US at the Boston Port of Embarkation on 7 October 1945. The 81st earned the following campaign credits: Source: U.S. Army Order of Battle: World War II by Shelby L. Stanton Combat Service Shortly after its service in California,
4958-521: Was active from 1948 to 1956 with the 5th Armored Division at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, which then served as a training unit. In 1962, the 81st and the 94th Tank Battalions and the 505th Replacement Company were redesignated as the 81st Armor under the Combat Arms Regimental System. The 1st and 2nd Battalions were assigned to the 1st Armored Division in February of that year. The 2nd Battalion was inactivated in 1971 and reactivated in 1972 in West Germany. (It
5032-497: Was during the 50-year period from 1870 to 1920. Flatware lines during this period sometimes included up to 100 different types of pieces. Some countries developed systems of hallmarking silver : Individual eating implements often included: This was especially true during the Victorian period, when etiquette dictated no food should be touched with one's fingers. Serving pieces were often elaborately decorated and pierced and embellished with ivory , and could include any or all of
5106-437: Was during this time that the colors 1st Cavalry Division, returning from Vietnam, were used to reflag the 1st Armored Division at Fort Hood, and subsequently the colors of the 1st Armored Division were used to reflag the colors of the 4th Armored Division in West Germany.) The 2d Battalion was inactivated again in 1989 and then reactivated in January 1996 as a part of the 1st Armored Training Brigade at Fort Knox, Kentucky. In
5180-478: Was frequently the first step in manufacturing silver pieces, as silver workers would melt down sterling silver into easily manageable ingots . Occasionally, they would create small components (e.g. teapot legs) by casting silver into iron or graphite molds, but it was rare for an entire piece to be fabricated via casting. Silversmiths would forge an ingot into the desired shape, by hammering at room temperature; this cold forming process, caused work hardening of
5254-444: Was held in Bergen-Hohne, West Germany, 25–29 April 1977. Hosted by United Kingdom. The Royal Canadian Dragoons team that had received its first Leopard tank four months earlier won. It was held on Range 9. The 1979 competition was held at Range 9, Bergen Hohne. The US built Range 10 at Grafenwöhr for the CAT competition training, it was used later for the actual 1981 competition. There were 20 platoons competing from Belgium , Canada ,
5328-622: Was officially active in the London trade from 1266 to 1597. This etymology may have been first suggested by Walter de Pinchebek ( c. 1300 ) with the explanation that the coin was originally made by moneyers from that region. The claim has been made in Henry Spelman 's glossary ( Glossarium Archaiologicum ) as referenced in Commentaries on the Laws of England by William Blackstone . Yet another claim on this same hypothesis
5402-656: Was the first direct competition of the German Leopard II and the US M1 Abrams. For the second time an American platoon, 1st Platoon of A Company 3-64 Armor , had scored 2nd overall in the competition and the United States' teams ranked third for the entire competition. B Company 3-32 Armor , of the 3rd Armored Division, used the M-60A3; the oldest generation of tanks during the competition. C / 2-66 Armor competed with its new M1 tanks, but severe weather storms at
5476-677: Was used as a standard in the Trial of the Pyx until it was deposited at the Royal Mint in 1843. It bears the royal stamp ENRI. REX ("King Henry") but this was added later, in the reign of Henry III . The first legal definition of sterling silver appeared in 1275, when a statute of Edward I specified that 12 troy ounces of silver for coinage should contain 11 ounces 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 pennyweights of silver and 17 + 3 ⁄ 4 pennyweights of alloy, with 20 pennyweights to
#976023