92-699: The Canadian Human Rights Commission ( CHRC ) was established in 1977 by the Government of Canada . It is empowered under the Canadian Human Rights Act to investigate and to try to settle complaints of discrimination in employment and in the provision of services within federal jurisdiction. The CHRC is also empowered under the Employment Equity Act to ensure that federally-regulated employers provide equal opportunities for four designated groups: women, Aboriginal people,
184-463: A Liberal Member of Parliament , Marco Mendicino said that "there are significant deficiencies" in the hiring process. He continued: "A rigorous vetting process is required so that the public can have the utmost confidence in the chair and the CHRC as a protectorate of human rights in our democracy." On August 12, 2024 the independent law firm report commissioned by Virani into the appointment of Dattani
276-674: A "bloodless" coup, or nussrah , for the facilitation of "a change of the government". In one document ('Our Method'), it states, "we consider that Islamic law forbids violence or armed struggle against the regime as a method to reestablish the Islamic State." A 2004 report by the Nixon Center states that "credible reports" indicate that HT members have been "involved in coup attempts in Jordan, Syria, Egypt, Tunisia and Iraq". According to HT, once one or more Muslim countries come under
368-422: A Muslim's total savings and wealth excluding a minimum amount) and other taxes if necessary. The constitution also reserves public ownership of utilities, public transport, health care, energy resources such as oil, and unused farm land. Constitutionally forbidden activities include: "squandering, extravagance and miserliness", "capitalist companies, co-operatives", usury ( riba ), "fraud, monopolies, gambling and
460-520: A bill has been approved by both the House of Commons and the Senate, royal assent is required to make the bill become law. The laws are then the responsibility of the government to oversee and enforce. Under Canada's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy , the terms government and Government of Canada refer specifically to the prime minister, Cabinet, and other members of the governing party inside
552-512: A country "whose population is of non-Muslims", like Spain, "is not an Islamic country; ... This conclusion is false. ... because a country is deemed Islamic if it was once ruled by Islam or if the majority of its population is of Muslims." So that "Spain is indeed an Islamic country". Hizb ut-Tahrir sees the Caliphate as eventually replacing not only Muslim states but Western non-Muslim ones, but whether it calls for violence to achieve this
644-458: A limited number of members from the Senate ). During its term, the government must retain the confidence of the House of Commons and certain important motions , such as money bills and the speech from the throne , are considered as confidence motions . Laws are formed by the passage of bills through Parliament, which are either sponsored by the government or individual members of Parliament. Once
736-598: A majority of seats in Parliament, forming a governing party . Further elements of governance are outlined in the rest of the Canadian constitution , which includes written statutes in addition to court rulings and unwritten conventions developed over centuries. Constitutionally, the King's Privy Council for Canada is the body that advises the sovereign or their representative on the exercise of executive power. This task
828-540: A non-Muslim power—usually of the United States—and, their anti-American rhetoric and policies and their fighting amongst each other notwithstanding, they are actually "working harmoniously within US policy". One HT website (HT Britain) states that the Caliphate "dominated 95% of Islamic history" as a "stable, independent, accountable and representative state", and that the party goals of unifying all Islamic countries into
920-614: A pattern of "a brief spell of support" followed by "failure to take power" in HT's more than 50 years of agitation. The party has been described as being "centralised" in leadership and strategy, with its ideology based on the writings of its deceased founder al-Nabhani. Because these principles have been in place since the party's founding, they are therefore considered unlikely to change. The party itself claims its "ideology and its method of work" has been "meticulously thought out and published in many detailed books". Prospective HT members study
1012-480: A pyramid-like group, the party enforces internal discipline and obedience to the central leadership. The party "tolerates no internal dissent". A range of disciplinary measures are applied to members who break the rules, with expulsion being the most severe. The network of underground cells resembles that of the successful Bolshevik revolutionaries in Russia. At the top is the central committee ( lajnat al-qiyada ) of
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#17327658080631104-488: A report titled "Anti-Black Racism, Sexism and Systemic Discrimination in the Canadian Human Rights Commission" and called on the federal government to commence an independent review of working conditions for "Black, Indigenous and racialized employees" at the CHRC, and of Canada's human rights laws. Government of Canada The Government of Canada ( French : Gouvernement du Canada )
1196-573: A single Islamic state where sharia law is strictly applied have strong support in the Muslim world. The caliphate will bring stability, the party argues: by providing a political system that is "accountable" and a ruler who is legitimized by virtue of elected representation; by returning the Muslim world to Islamic practice and traditional readings of Islamic values and history; and by virtue of it being "the only institution able to provide credible leadership on Islamic issues and for Muslims". The ruler of
1288-568: A smaller more committed core of members" (BBC ). The "About Us" section of the Hizb ut-Tahrir official website states "Hizb ut-Tahrir is determined to work within the Ummah in order to implement Islam and achieve its objective by endeavouring to gain the leadership of the Islamic Ummah so that she could accept it as her leader, to implement Islam upon her and proceed with it in her struggle against
1380-632: A sudden, millenarian victory", as opposed to a slog through a political process "that risks debasing the Koran and perpetuating the ummah's subjugation to the West". The party plans its political progress in three stages, taking after the process "by which the Prophet Muhammad established the Caliphate in thirteen years". According to an analyst of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Kazakhstan, where the group
1472-446: A unitary Islamic state or caliphate, headed by a caliph elected by Muslims. This, it holds, is an obligation decreed by God, warning that Allah will punish those Muslims "who neglect this duty". Once established, the caliphate will expand into non-Muslim areas, through "invitation" and through military jihad, so as to expand the land of Islam and diminish the land of unbelief . To "achieve its objective" HT seeks "to gain
1564-571: Is head of state and is personally represented by a governor general (currently Mary Simon ). A prime minister (currently Justin Trudeau ) is the head of government , who is invited by the Crown to form a government after securing the confidence of the House of Commons , which is typically determined through the election of enough members of a single political party in a federal election to provide
1656-595: Is "a lot of ... propaganda and disinformation" about the party and the caliphate being spread by enemies to "demonise" HT. The HT Draft Constitution or "proposed constitution", which contains many party positions, has been described by one party leader, Jalaluddin Patel, as "the sum of all the work and research" the party has "done in this field", "based on Ijtihad ", interpretations of Islamic texts and traditions, schools of fiqh and individual scholars (including Shi'a) and consultation with "various Islamic groups around
1748-601: Is active in Western countries, including the UK, and also in several Arab and Central Asian countries despite being banned by some governments. Members typically meet in small private study circles, but in countries where the group is not illegal, it also engages with the media and organizes rallies and conferences. The organization's leadership is centered in Jordan, with additional headquarters in London. This dual presence leverages
1840-478: Is an international pan-Islamist and Islamic fundamentalist political organization whose stated aim is the re-establishment of the Islamic caliphate to unite the Muslim community (called ummah ) and implement sharia globally. Hizb ut-Tahrir was founded in 1953 as a political organization in then- Jordanian-controlled Jerusalem by Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani , a Palestinian Islamic scholar from Haifa who
1932-516: Is appointed by the central committee. The basic unit of the party is a cell of five members, the leader of which is called a mushrif . The mushrif leads a study-circle and supervises its members' study of the HT ideology, listening to readings from books by the party's founder, Nabhani, particularly Nidham al-Islam , or the System of Islam , which "lays out Nabhani's vision of an 'Islamic' state" and "refutes" other Arab political ideologies. Where
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#17327658080632024-532: Is because of the shura (consultation) in Islam. This is contrary to the parliamentary system in democracy." There is also no limitation on the Khaleefah's period in office, "so as long as he abides by the sharia". Critics (Houriya Ahmed and Hannah Stuart of The Centre for Social Cohesion ) complain that non-Muslims living the caliphate are not included among those giving "popular consent" nor able to serve in
2116-794: Is by nature offensive rather than defensive (supported in The Inevitability of the Clash of Civilisations ), or encompasses both "defensive and offensive war" (supported on a different page of The Inevitability of the Clash of Civilisations ). Statements also conflict as to whether offensive jihad must wait for the caliphate to be established (as the head of HT Britain, Jalaluddin Patel, told an interviewer in 2004), or requires only an "amir" to lead Muslims ( Hizb ut-Tahrir pamphlet). The party does support "defensive jihad" in Iraq and Afghanistan against American occupation—defensive jihad not requiring
2208-522: Is carried out nearly exclusively by the Cabinet, which functions as the executive committee of the Privy Council that sets the government's policies and priorities for the country and is chaired by the prime minister. The sovereign appoints the members of Cabinet on the advice of the prime minister who, by convention, are generally selected primarily from the House of Commons (although often include
2300-777: Is denied employment opportunities or benefits for reasons unrelated to their abilities. To that end, the Commission conducts compliance audits to help employers meet the requirements of the Act. One member of the Commission is designated as the Accessibility Commissioner, responsible for the administration of the Accessible Canada Act . While the Employment Equity Act uses the language "visible minorities", in its 2022 annual report,
2392-578: Is disputed. The HT "Information Pack" for the Britain Media states that "the suggestion that Hizb ut-Tahrir will be permitted to engage in an armed struggle when the Caliphate re-emerges, is absolutely false", but Michael Whine quotes HT founder An-Nabhani urging Muslims to follow the example of the original Islamic empire attacking and conquering adjacent territory of Persia and the Byzantine Empire , noting "what are we to say about
2484-675: Is legal. At least one former member has complained that the HT "party philosophy" and practice of referring to its study groups as halaqa —despite the fact they are studying leader Nabhani's writings and not the Quran—makes Nabhani's work "synonymous with the Quran", and that "the cult-like structure of the organisation [makes] this difficult" for young recruits to see. While one media pack published by HT emphasizes that membership "is open to all Muslim men and women regardless of their nationality, race or school of thought", critics complain of
2576-563: Is outlawed: "First they convert new members. Secondly, they establish a network of secret cells, and finally, they try to infiltrate the government to work to legalize their party and its aims." A more sympathetic description of this strategy is that Hizb ut-Tahrir works to: HT has for many years made use of the Internet to propagate its message. It changes messages frequently, and uses a number of languages. As of 2004, there were at least seven websites "related directly" to HT. HT talks about
2668-527: Is seceding from the Caliphate. According to the second Amir of the party, "preventing the dismemberment of any country from the body of the Khilafah" is imperative, "even if" it leads "to several years of fighting and ... the killing of millions of Muslims". "Islamic lands" to make up the HT Caliphate include not only Muslim-majority countries but also include Muslim-majority regions—such as Xinjiang ,
2760-514: Is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada . The term Government of Canada refers specifically to the executive, which includes ministers of the Crown (together in the Cabinet ) and the federal civil service (whom the Cabinet direct); it is alternatively known as His Majesty's Government (French: Gouvernement de Sa Majesté ) and is corporately branded as the Government of Canada . There are over 100 departments and agencies, as well as over 300,000 persons employed in
2852-654: The Caucasus , and Kazan (in Russia), even though they have been part of non-Muslim countries for many years; and states/regions which have had a non-Muslim majority population for many years—such as northern India , East Timor , southern Spain , Sicily , Crimea , Serbia , Croatia , Greece , Romania , Bulgaria , Myanmar and the Philippines —that were once "ruled by Muslims under the authority of Islam". HT founder an-Nabhani, explains that while some believe that
Canadian Human Rights Commission - Misplaced Pages Continue
2944-698: The Employment Equity Act . Both laws apply to federally-regulated organizations, which include federal government departments and agencies; Crown corporations; and private sector organizations such as banks, airlines, and transportation and telecommunication companies. The Commission consists of the Chief Commissioner, a Deputy Chief Commissioner, the Accessibility Commissioner, the Pay Equity Commissioner, and between three and six other members. All are appointed by
3036-539: The House of Commons , but typically includes the federal public service and federal departments and agencies when used elsewhere. This differs from the United States , where the executive branch is referred to as an administration and the federal government encompasses executive, legislative, and judicial powers, similar to the Canadian Crown . In press releases issued by federal departments,
3128-529: The King-in-Council . On the advice of the Canadian prime minister, the sovereign appoints a federal viceregal representative —the governor general (currently Mary Simon )—who, since 1947, is permitted to exercise almost all of the monarch's royal prerogative ; though, there are some duties which must be specifically performed by the monarch themselves (such as assent of certain bills). In case of
3220-548: The Kuffar without any lenience or hesitation" ( Ummah's Charter ), as well as the need to fight unbelievers who refuse to be ruled by Islam, even if they pay tribute ( The Islamic Personality ). On the other hand, public statements by Hizb ut-Tahrir deny this by saying "Hizb ut-Tahrir will be permitted to engage in an armed struggle when the Caliphate re-emerges, ... The party is not waiting for any order to begin an 'armed struggle ' ". Other HT texts differ over whether jihad
3312-505: The Majlis al-Ummah " (according to Article 35e of the constitution). The founder an-Nabhani, in his book the System of Islam , specifically notes that the shura (consultative) body of the caliphate (the Majlis al-Ummah ), "is for seeking the opinion and not for ruling", so that if the Caliph neglects the majlis "he would be negligent, but the ruling system would still remain Islamic. This
3404-539: The Public Service of Canada , and the Canadian Armed Forces . One of the main duties of the Crown is to ensure that a democratic government is always in place, which includes the appointment of a prime minister , who heads the Cabinet and directs the activities of the government. Not outlined in any constitutional document, the office exists in long-established convention , which stipulates
3496-585: The Sunnah , consensus of the companions ( Ijma al-Sahaba ), and legitimate analogies ( Qiyas ) drawn from those three sources. The Islamic state will not "adopt a particular" Madhhab (school of fiqh). According to Forum 18 News Service, it was told by an HT representative that "the only true Muslims" are those who adhere to one of the four Sunni madhhabs , and "those who depart" the four "would be considered as apostates and liable to punishment according to Islamic law". Regarding traditional hudud penal code,
3588-467: The advice of the King's Privy Council for Canada , referred to as the King-in-Council . However, the Privy Council—consisting mostly of former ministers, chief justices , and other elder statesmen—rarely meets in full. In the construct of constitutional monarchy and responsible government , the advice tendered is typically binding, meaning the monarch reigns but does not rule , with
3680-453: The "appropriate political and military capabilities" of an Islamic State, it need not wait for either a caliph or amir. Along with the establishment of an Islamic State, Hizb ut-Tahrir's other main principle/objective is the enforcement of shariah law to regulate all aspects of human life— politics, economics, sciences, and ethics. The law will be based upon fair interpretations of the Qur'an ,
3772-528: The "core books" of HT in preparation for being accepted as members. Hizb ut-Tahrir websites, speeches, etc. also detail party positions. Critics have pointed out differences between party texts and public statements and accused HT of varying its "message to suit different audiences", or of attempting to "soften" its public image (by deleting pamphlets from its website and other means), "as a defensive reaction to increased scrutiny", while leaving its original strategy and ideology untouched. HT itself claims there
Canadian Human Rights Commission - Misplaced Pages Continue
3864-655: The "most important" obligation of Muslims, who will be punished if they neglect it. Without the caliphate and true sharia law, Muslims have been living in a state of jahiliyya (pre-Islamic ignorance). "Not a single country or state" has escaped jahilayya and unbelief , including ones that consider themselves to be Islamic states, such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran . These and all other Muslim-majority states and polities—Kurds, Turks, Iran, Saudi Arabia, etc.—serve as "agents" of
3956-544: The 1950s when it was first formed and before it was banned, according to Suha Taji-Farouki . Kyrgyz Hizb ut-Tahrir members campaigned unsuccessfully for an affiliated candidate in Kyrgyzstan 's national presidential election in July 2005, and have participated in municipal elections where their followers have won in a number of regions. Olivier Roy describes the strategy as a "global, grassroots revolution, culminating in
4048-464: The CHRC would be granted discretion to fine individuals up to $ 50,000. On the basis of a recommendation from Virani in June 2024 the federal Cabinet appointed a Muslim and a person of colour Birju Dattani to serve as Chief Commissioner, a post that had been vacant for more than 18 months. He had provided information about his activities to civil servants however Virani's office said that had not passed up
4140-419: The Cabinet ruling "in trust" for the monarch. However, the royal prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of the ministers, and there are rare exceptions where the monarch may be obliged to act unilaterally to prevent manifestly unconstitutional acts. The stipulations of responsible government require that those who directly advise the Crown on the exercise the royal prerogative be accountable to
4232-494: The Commission encourages people to try to solve their disputes informally. If people are unable to solve the matter themselves, then the Commission may conduct an investigation. If it believes the complaint has merit, the Commission may send it to the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal for further examination. Otherwise, the complaint is dismissed. In some instances, the Commission can also appear before
4324-504: The Commission stated that in its opinion, this is an "antiquated term". The Commission instead uses the term " racialized groups". The 44th Parliament of Canada debated from 30 May 2024 Bill C-63 , that would become the Online Harms Act . It stood with Minister of Justice Arif Virani 's support. Under this putative legislation the CHRC would be the adjudicator. Advance copies had been seen by law firms as of February 2024;
4416-482: The Creator", who has "better insight into the human condition than humans". HT texts define Jihad as "war undertaken for the sake of Allah (swt) to raise high His (swt) word" and requiring an army ( Institutions of State in the Khilafah ). They declare the necessity of jihad so that Da'wah will be carried "to all mankind" and will "bring them into the Khilafah state", and the importance of declaring "Jihad against
4508-472: The Crown must select as prime minister the person most likely to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons , who, in practice, is typically the leader of the political party that holds more seats than any other party in that chamber (currently the Liberal Party , led by Justin Trudeau ). Should no particular party hold a majority in the House of Commons, the leader of one party—either
4600-620: The Government of Canada. These institutions carry out the programs and enforce the laws established by the Parliament of Canada . The federal government's organization and structure was established at Confederation , through the Constitution Act, 1867 , wherein the Canadian Crown acts as the core, or "the most basic building block", of its Westminster-style parliamentary democracy . The monarch, King Charles III
4692-574: The Gulf States and Saudi Arabia". Because of its status of being banned in most Muslim-majority countries but legal throughout Western countries, the group differs from most Salafi organizations in being "more self-conscious, adaptive and sensitive to Western culture" despite its resolute opposition to that culture. HT has been called "secretive and hierarchical" by a former member. It uses "cover names for reserving venues, publishing propaganda and even carrying out political activity" even where it
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#17327658080634784-547: The HT Britain magazine New Civilisation ) describe the ruler of the proposed caliphate as "an elected and accountable ruler" and a "servant to the masses, governing them with justice", "legitimate only through popular consent", who can be removed at the demand of the people through "the independent judiciary" of the caliphate, and whose judicial opinion on adopting a law does not prevent further debate and amendment. Along with "an independent judiciary, political parties" and
4876-539: The HT draft constitution describes the Caliph as simply "the State". The constitution states that the Caliph "possesses all the powers and function of the State", appointing and dismissing the governors and assistants of all the provinces of caliphate, the directors of departments, the heads of the armed forces and the generals, the chief judge and most judges, "who are all responsible to the Khaleefah [Caliph] and not to
4968-603: The HT text Concepts of Hizb ut-Tahrir describes their abandonment as part of the "misinterpret[ation of] the Islamic rules to adapt them to contemporary life" that started in the late 19th century. In a HT video on how Muslims should answer criticism of the "harsh" punishments of hudud , HT member Taji Mustafa argues chopping off hands and feet "are a huge deterrent" to crime. HT texts state adultery should be punished by stoning and pre-marital sex by lashing, and apostasy from Islam by death. "Brigandage" and murder would be punished by execution, crucifixion or amputation. That use of
5060-556: The Kuffar". But according to a former leader in the UK, Jalaluddin Patel, once the caliphate has been established, HT "will never assume the role of a vanguard party". In countries where the party is outlawed, Hizb ut-Tahrir's organization is said to be strongly centralized, with its central leadership based in the Palestinian Territories . To avoid infiltration by security agents and maintain ideological coherence in
5152-593: The Tribunal. That occurs when the Commission feels that the complaint deals with a matter of public interest, which includes decisions that have the potential to clarify, influence, shape, or define human rights law in Canada. Under the Employment Equity Act , the Commission promotes equality in the workplace for the four designated groups: women, Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities, and members of visible minorities. It works with employers to ensure that no person
5244-472: The Ummah today; numbering more than one billion, ... She would undoubtedly constitute a front which would be stronger in every respect than the leading superpowers put together". Another HT text ( The Ummah's Charter , quoted by Ahmed and Stuart), states that the Caliphate "must rise to declare Jihad against the Kuffar without any lenience or hesitation", and a HT pamphlet (quoted by Dave Rich) predicts, "In
5336-486: The basis of the military policy"). The Amir al-Jihad does not serve as the commander-in-chief, who, along with his immediate subordinates, is appointed by the Caliph. Conscription is compulsory for all male Muslims 15 and over in the proposed state "in readiness for jihad". The draft constitution also details an economic system that allows private enterprise, but requires that "the State" should "provide employment" and "basic needs" for its citizens. To provide for this
5428-530: The caliphate are historical inaccuracy and danger of violence involved in re-establishing the caliphate: Responsibility for defense in Hizb ut-Tahrir's constitutional vision of the caliphate would go to the Amir al-Jihad who would be "the supervisor and director" of four governmental departments comprising "the army, the police, equipment, tasks, armament supplies", internal security, foreign affairs, and industry ("all factories of whatever type should be established on
5520-415: The caliphate being a unitary (not federal ) state, run by a caliph head of state elected by Muslims. Other specified features include: "The currency of the State is to be restricted to gold and silver"—article 163; "every male Muslim, fifteen years and over, is obliged to undergo military training"—article 56; "Arabic is the language of Islam and the sole language of the State"—article 8; in marriage
5612-481: The caliphate, the Caliph (or Khaleefah ), should be elected, not chosen through blood lines or imposed on Muslims, according to the Hizb ut-Tahrir Draft Constitution, and should take a pledge of loyalty ( ba'iah ) to the Muslim community following his election. The Muslim community would have "no right to dismiss him after he has legitimately attained the ba'iah of contracting". HT sources (an HT "Information Pack" issued to British media by HT Britain circa 2010 and
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#17327658080635704-457: The chain to them. Jewish groups raised concerns about social media posts by an individual so-called ' Mujahid Dattani'. In 2015 Dattani had shared the stage while in the UK with members of the Islamic fundamentalist Hizb-ut-tahrir group, "that seeks to establish a new caliphate " under sharia law "and opposes Israel 's existence." The PMO had neither seen nor heard of the complaint, while
5796-568: The constitution. In addition to the constitution, "many detailed books" expand on the HT ideology and "method of work", according to its 2010 Information pack. Although hizb means party in Arabic, in the countries where Hizb ut-Tahrir is active it has usually not registered as a political party or attempted to elect candidates to political office, although it did early in its history. Hizb ut-Tahrir put forward candidates for office in Jordan in
5888-415: The conventional stipulations of a constitutional monarchy, the sovereign's direct participation in any of these areas of governance is limited. The term Government of Canada , or more formally, His Majesty's Government refers to the activities of the King-in-Council . The day-to-day operation and activities of the Government of Canada are performed by the federal departments and agencies , staffed by
5980-500: The disabled, and visible minorities. One member of the Commission is designated as the Accessibility Commissioner under the Accessible Canada Act . The Commission helps enforce those human rights and inform the general public and employers of those rights. The Canadian Human Rights Commission was established by Parliament in 1977 to administer the Canadian Human Rights Act . Its role was later expanded to include
6072-471: The elected House of Commons and the day-to-day operation of government is guided only by a sub-group of the Privy Council made up of individuals who hold seats in Parliament, known as the Cabinet . The monarch and governor general typically follow the near-binding advice of their ministers. The royal prerogative, however, belongs to the Crown and not to any of the ministers, who only rule "in trust" for
6164-435: The elected representative of the Majlis al-Umma ("the council of the Muslim community", whose decisions are binding on the Caliph according to Nabhani's book, Nethaam al-Huqm fil-Islam ), the caliph rules a state that is uniquely representative, that will provide "rule of law and equal rights for minority groups", and so bears no "resemblance to a totalitarian state", criticism notwithstanding. But critics complain that
6256-453: The federal Cabinet. Under the Canadian Human Rights Act , the Commission protects the human rights of all individuals lawfully present in Canada. It promotes a vision for Canada in which all individuals have equal opportunity and can live their lives free from discrimination. The Commission is responsible for dealing with allegations of discrimination. By law, it is bound to screen every discrimination complaint that it receives. When possible,
6348-426: The forthcoming days the Muslims will conquer Rome and the dominion of the Ummah of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) will reach the whole world and the rule of the Muslims will reach as far as the day and night. And the Dīn of Muhammad (saw) will prevail over all other ways of life including Western Capitalism and the culture of Western Liberalism". Among the criticisms of HT's vision of
6440-497: The government has sometimes been referred to as the current prime minister's government (e.g. the Trudeau Government ). This terminology has been commonly employed in the media. In late 2010, an informal instruction from the Office of the Prime Minister urged government departments to consistently use, in all department communications, such phrasing (i.e., Harper Government , at the time), in place of Government of Canada . The same Cabinet earlier directed its press department to use
6532-405: The government, while the judges ruling over any recall attempt of the caliph are appointed by him or by a judge (the Supreme Judge) who is appointed by the Caliph. Regarding debate and amendment of legal rulings of the caliph, articles 3 and 35a of the proposed constitution stipulate that they must be obeyed. One issue not open to "popular consent" or differing opinion (according to HT doctrine)
6624-448: The governor general's absence or incapacitation, the administrator of Canada performs the Crown's most basic functions. As part of the royal prerogative, the royal sign-manual gives authority to letters patent and orders-in-Council . Much of the royal prerogative is only exercised in-council, meaning on the advice of the King's Privy Council for Canada ( ministers of the Crown formed in Cabinet in conventional practice); within
6716-480: The international party, and the supreme leader ( Amir ). The main committee or agency is tasked with taking power to re-establish the caliphate by establishing contacts with "the centers of power such as the army and the political leaders". This agency is "the most secretive", and "reports directly" to the "Amir". Organizationally below its center are national organizations or wilayas (which actually means "province" since HT believes that nation states are un-Islamic;
6808-402: The leadership of the Islamic community " so that the community will "accept it as her [the community's] leader, to implement Islam upon her and proceed with it in her struggle against the Kuffar (unbelievers) and in the work towards the return of the Islamic State". The nature of the "Islamic state"/caliphate/khilafah is spelled out in a detailed program and "draft constitution" which notes
6900-586: The like", leasing of land for agriculture, and the failure of a land owner to use their land (such as leaving land fallow for more than three years). For monetary policy , the constitution calls for use of the Gold Standard , and gold and silver coinage. Outsider observers have called HT's economic proposals "very vague" (International Crisis Group), or lacking in coherence (Ahmed & Stuart, Zeyno Baran ). Former HT UK leader Jalaluddin Patel defends it, writing that "the Islamic economic system comes from
6992-400: The monarch and who must relinquish the Crown's power back to it upon losing the confidence of the commons, whereupon a new government, which can hold the lower chamber 's confidence, is installed by the governor general. The royal and vice-royal figures may unilaterally use these powers in exceptional constitutional crisis situations (an exercise of the reserve powers ), thereby allowing
7084-546: The monarch to make sure "that the government conducts itself in compliance with the constitution." Politicians can sometimes try to use to their favour to obscure the complexity of the relationship between the monarch, viceroy, ministers, and Parliament, as well as the public's general unfamiliarity with such. Hizb-ut-tahrir Political Militant [REDACTED] Islam portal Hizb ut-Tahrir ( HT ; Arabic : حزب التحرير , romanized : Ḥizb at-Taḥrīr , lit. 'Party of Liberation')
7176-436: The only "nation" is the Islamic community ), "usually headed by a group of 12, control networks of local committees and cells". Wilayas have an executive committee charged with managing administrative affairs which is elected every two years by the membership of the party in the wilaya . At the provincial level, there is a committee headed by a provincial representative ( Mu'tamad ) who oversees group activities. The Mu'tamad
7268-479: The organization's control (such as Pakistan, Indonesia or a country in Central Asia) this will create a base; subsequently, other Muslim countries will be convinced to join and a "domino effect" will be created to establish a new caliphate. Researchers and scholars have often described HT as a vanguard party (David Commins and Zeyno Baran ) or as seeming to be "less interested in a broad mass following than
7360-429: The party is not legal, only the mushrif knows the names of members of other cells. A candidate for membership swears an oath of loyalty ( qasam ) In the name of Allah, I swear to protect Islam and to maintain fidelity to it; I swear to accept and follow goals, ideas and principles of HT in words and deeds; I swear to recognize the rightness of the party leadership's actions; I swear to carry out even those decisions of
7452-512: The party leaders that I find objectionable; I swear to direct all my energies for the realization of the party program. Allah is the Witness of my words. According to one study, "little is known" of how HT "funds its activities", thanks to the party's "clandestine modus operandi ". In Western countries, members who have jobs contribute part of their income, "possibly as much as 10 percent". In Muslim countries funding may or may not come "from Iran,
7544-468: The party with the most seats or one supported by other parties—will be called by the governor general to form a minority government . Once sworn in, the prime minister holds office until their resignation or removal by the governor general, after either a motion of no confidence or defeat in a general election . The executive is defined in the Constitution Act, 1867 as the Crown acting on
7636-584: The party's need for "absolute, unequivocal acceptance of the Movement's dogma", its ignoring of spiritual aspects of Islam, and discouraging of free airing of views or "challenging statements". The party principle of overthrowing existing Muslim governments has been questioned as a violation of the ayah : Obey God, obey His prophet, and obey those in authority over you. This is supported by "several notable scholars"—according to Mateen Siddiqui—such as Ibn Nujaym, Al-Bahjouri, and Abu Hanifa . Critics also note
7728-430: The phrase Canada's New Government . Canada is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the role of the reigning sovereign is both legal and practical, but not political. The monarch is vested with all powers of state and sits at the centre of a construct in which the power of the whole is shared by multiple institutions of government acting under the sovereign's authority. The executive is thus formally referred to as
7820-536: The punishments of 'chopping off' of hands for theft and stoning to death for adultery would become law in the HT caliphate was confirmed in a 2009 interview of Tayyib Muqeem, an HT leader. Non-Muslims would be subject to the same laws and in addition would be subject to special taxes—the poll tax of jizya and the land tax of Kharaj . Men and women are to be segregated in public except when absolutely necessary according to HT Draft Constitution. A women's body may not be revealed, "apart from her face and hands". This
7912-959: The relative freedom in Europe to oversee activities in Muslim nations where HT faces more stringent restrictions. Hizb ut-Tahrir has been banned in Bangladesh , China , Russia , Pakistan , India , Germany , Turkey , the United Kingdom , Kazakhstan and "across Central Asia", Indonesia , and all Arab countries except Lebanon , Yemen and the UAE . In July 2017, the Indonesian government revoked Hizb ut-Tahrir's legal status, citing incompatibility with government regulations on extremism and national ideology . Hizb ut-Tahrir states its aim as unification of all Muslim countries (or as it calls them "Islamic lands") over time in
8004-430: The state will draw from "permanent" sources of income from special taxes on non-Muslims: spoils or fei ' (spoils of jihad when the non-Muslim enemy has surrendered or fled), jizyah (a poll tax on non-Muslims), and kharaj (land conquered from non-Muslims in jihad). It also includes a "tax" of one/fifth of discovered buried treasure ( rikaaz ) and zakaah (annual Islamic charitable donation of 2.5% of
8096-411: The violent and spiritual dimensions of Jihad. As an initial step, HT directs attention to the 'near enemy', advocating the removal of rulers "pretending to be Muslims", a step they consider a prerequisite for the global spread of Islam. Since 1953, Hizb ut-Tahrir has spread to more than 50 countries, and has a membership estimated to be between "tens of thousands" to "about one million". Hizb ut-Tahrir
8188-449: The wife is "obliged to obey her husband" and the husband "to provide"—article 116, in schools "the weekly lessons of Islamic disciplines and Arabic language must be equal to the lessons of all other sciences in terms of number and time" —article 173. Such things as copyrights on educational materials (article 175), military treaties (article 185), and memberships by the state in secular international organizations (article 186) are forbidden by
8280-404: The world". Patel also told Jamestown that if "the future Caliph" is not a member of HT, the party will offer the constitution to him as a "working document" which he can "accept, amend or indeed reject in favor of his own opinion and Ijtihad (interpretation)". Hizb ut-Tahrir texts and websites hold that re-establishing the Khilafah state or Caliphate based on sharia law has been decreed by God as
8372-663: Was educated in Egypt and served as a qadi (religious court judge) in Mandatory Palestine . He formulated a program and a "draft constitution" for the establishment of a Caliphate. The organization sees world history as an eternal conflict between Islam and non-believers , with the state system considered a historical assault on Islam. The group views Jihad as an essential aspect of its vision and considers it an imperative duty aimed at combating disbelief until all submit to Islamic rule, making no distinction between
8464-488: Was published, and Dattani withdrew his candidacy. In October 2020, nine employees of the CHRC filed grievances through their unions alleging discrimination on the basis of skin colour. In March 2023, the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat concluded that the CHRC "had discriminated against its Black and racialized employees." In December 2023, the Senate of Canada 's Standing Committee on Human Rights published
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