Misplaced Pages

#193806

53-466: Today the number of native speakers of Canadian Ukrainian is significantly lower than its peak in the late 1800s and early 1900s. According to the last Canadian census of 2016, out of the entire Canadian population of 35 million people, only 69,500 Canadian residents said that they speak Canadian Ukrainian at home. However, the latest, fourth wave of historical Ukrainian emigration to Western Canada , which started after Ukraine regained its independence from

106-555: A Modern or Standard Ukrainian, and not Canadian Ukrainian. The interval census years 1961–1971 witnessed the first absolute decline in the number of individuals claiming Ukrainian as their mother tongue (361,496 to 309,860). The rate of decline has increased precipitously such that in 1981 there were 254,690 individuals who claimed Ukrainian as their mother tongue, while only 187,015 did so in 1991. The number of Ukrainian speakers in Canada continues to decline although less if only because of

159-758: A massive emigration of Ukrainians from Austro-Hungary to the Americas and from the Russian Empire to the Urals and Asia ( Siberia and Kazakhstan ) occurred. A secondary movement was the emigration under the auspices of the Austro-Hungarian government of 10,000 Ukrainians from Galicia to Bosnia . Furthermore, due to Russian agitation, 15,000 Ukrainians left Galicia and Bukovina and settled in Russia. Most of these settlers later returned. Finally in

212-465: A much more detailed questionnaire. On May 15, 2001, Statistics Canada had thousands of canvassers who went around to try to ensure that the entire population was counted. For the first time, this included canvassers who went to homeless shelters to ensure that the homeless were included in the census. In addition to a small number of individuals who refused to participate, some first nation communities refused to participate en masse and therefore some of

265-755: A time in Tunisia ( Ben-Metir ), as well as re-enforcing previous settlements in the United States, Canada (primarily Toronto , Ontario and Montreal , Quebec ), Brazil (specially in the South and Southeast regions), Argentina and Paraguay. In Europe, there remained between 50,000 and 100,000 Ukrainians that settled in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. This second wave of emigrants re-invigorated Ukrainian organisations in

318-443: Is based entirely on self reporting. Population by religion . Only those religions with more than 250,000 respondents are included here. The census question was partly aided—that is, the questionnaire form gave examples of some of the denominations but not others. The actual question asked is noted below. The actual question asked: "What is this person's religion? Indicate a specific denomination or religion even if this person

371-900: Is found throughout numerous countries worldwide. It is particularly concentrated in other post-Soviet states (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, and Russia), Central Europe (the Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland), North America (Canada and the United States), and South America (Argentina and Brazil). After the loss suffered by the Ukrainian-Swedish Alliance under Ivan Mazepa in the Battle of Poltava in 1709, some political emigrants, primarily Cossacks , settled in Turkey and in Western Europe. In 1775, after

424-427: Is marginal although there are some curious recent developments. Ukrainian home language use has been consistently declining, such that, in 1996, only 49,985 individuals identified Ukrainian as the language used routinely in the home. This however would increase to 67,665 in 2001, presumably the result of the arrival of post-independence Ukrainian immigrants and their children. In the context of Canadian multiculturalism,

477-445: Is not currently a practising member of that group. For example, Roman Catholic, Ukrainian Catholic, United Church, Anglican, Lutheran, Baptist, Coptic Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, Jewish, Islam, Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh, etc." Population by age: Every person was legally required to return the census questionnaire that required answering basic demographic information. In addition randomly selected people were legally required to complete

530-705: The Canada 2001 Census , 148,085 people in Canada claimed Ukrainian as their sole "mother tongue". No provision however is made in the Canada Census for identifying dialects. Therefore, data on the Canadian Ukrainian dialect are unknown. Provincially, the largest Ukrainian speaking population resides in Ontario. Ukrainophones there, however, are a small percentage of the population, while on the Prairies

583-1130: The Canadian Red Ensign comes from a bukvar (" basal reader ") published in Winnipeg in 1925. The Canadian Red Ensign was the unofficial flag of Canada at the time. Differences in the canadian dialect are bolded. Наш прапор. Наш прапор має три кольори: червоний, білий і синій. Червоний означає: "Будь відважний " Білий означає: "Будь чесний " Синий означає: "Будь вірний " Пам'ятаймо о тім , коли дивимось на Наш прапор. Наш прапор. Наш прапор має три кольори: червоний, білий і синій. Червоний означає: «Будь відважним» Білий означає: «Будь чесним» Синій означає: «Будь вірним» Пам'ятаймо про це, коли дивимось на Наш прапор. Our Flag Our flag has three colours: Red, white and blue. Red stands for: "Be Brave" White stands for: "Be Honest" Blue stands for: "Be Faithful" This we remember, when we see our flag. Ukrainian diaspora The Ukrainian diaspora comprises Ukrainians and their descendants who live outside Ukraine around

SECTION 10

#1732766082194

636-599: The First World War , Canadian authorities in many areas did allow some Ukrainian-language instruction in public schools, as minority language rights had been given a degree of protection early in the history of the West, during the Manitoba Schools Question . However, during the war era nativist attitudes came to the fore and all minority language rights were revoked. Speaking Ukrainian in school

689-502: The Soviet Union in 1991, has resulted in a slight increase in the number of Canadian Ukrainian speakers; the 1991 Canadian census showed that the number of Canadian Ukrainian speakers at home was even lower at 39,500. The vocabulary of the dialect, circa the 1920s, consisted of mostly of common Ukrainian words, dialecticisms from Western Ukraine, and Ukrainianizations of English words. For example, concepts that were well known from

742-787: The Ukrainian People's Republic . During the 1920s, the new diaspora maintained links with now-Soviet Ukraine. A Sovietophile movement appeared, whereby former opponents of the Bolsheviks began to argue that Ukrainians should support Soviet Ukraine. Some argued that they should do so because the Soviet republics were the leaders of international revolution, while others claimed that the Bolsheviks' social and national policies benefited Ukraine. This movement included Mykhailo Hrushevskyi , Volodymyr Vynnychenko and Yevhen Petrushevych . Many émigrés, including Hrushevskyi, returned and helped

795-598: The Vojvodina Region of the Republic of Serbia . In time, Ukrainian settlements emerged in the major European capitals, including Vienna , Budapest , Rome and Warsaw . In 1880, the Ukrainian diaspora consisted of approximately 1.2 million people, which represented approximately 4.6% of all Ukrainians, and was distributed as follows: In the last quarter of the 19th century due to the agrarian resettlement,

848-412: The 1890s, Ukrainian agricultural settlers emigrated first to Brazil and Argentina . However, the writings of Galician professor and nationalist Dr Joseph Oleskiw were influential in redirecting that flow to Canada. He visited an already-established Ukrainian block settlement , which had been founded by Iwan Pylypiw , and met with Canadian immigration officials. His two pamphlets on the subject praised

901-613: The Americas and Western Europe. In 1967, in New York City , the World Congress of Free Ukrainians was created. Scientific organisations were created. An Institute of Ukrainian Studies at Harvard University was also created. An attempt was made to unite the various religious organisations (Orthodox and Greek Catholic). However, this did not succeed. In the early 1970s, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in

954-584: The Americas. This can be broken down by country as follows: In 1914, the Ukrainian diaspora in the Americas numbered about 700,000-750,000 people: Most of the emigrants to the Americas belonged to the Greek Catholic Church . This led to the creation of Greek Catholic bishops in Canada and the US. The need for solidarity led to the creation of Ukrainian religious, political, and social organisations. These new Ukrainian organisations maintained links with

1007-535: The Asian part of the Russian Empire by 1914. Consequently, the Russian Empire had approximately 3.4 million Ukrainians. Most of this population was assimilated due to a lack of national awareness and closeness with the local Russian population, especially in religion. Unlike the emigrants from Austro-Hungary, the Ukrainian emigrants in the Russian Empire did not create their own organisations nor were there many interactions with their homeland. The revolution of 1917 allowed

1060-543: The Bolsheviks implement their policy of Ukrainianisation. However, the abandonment of Ukrainianisation, the return to collectivisation, and the man-made famine of 1932–33 ended Ukrainianisation. Most of the links were broken, with the exception of some Sovietophile organisations in Canada and the United States. On the other hand, the Canadian and American diaspora maintained links with the Ukrainian community in Galicia and

1113-520: The Lemko Region did identify themselves as Ukrainians. The majority of the Ukrainian diaspora in the Americas focused on obtaining independence and convincing outside powers to join its war against the Soviets . The two nationalist governments which existed simultaneously; The Ukrainian People’s Republic , and The West Ukrainian People’s Republic (whose more progressive government was exiled by

SECTION 20

#1732766082194

1166-786: The Prešov Region had their own church organisation. Ukrainians in Romania lived in the Romanian parts of Bukovina and the Maramureş Region, as well as in scattered settlements throughout Romania. Ukrainians in Yugoslavia lived primarily in Bačka and Srem regions of Vojvodina and Bosnia. These Ukrainians had their own church organisation as the Eparchy of Križevci . Of the countries where

1219-530: The Russian Empire, some Ukrainians from the Chełm and Podlaskie regions, as well as most of the Jews, emigrated to the Americas. Some of those who left their homeland returned. For example, from the 393,000 Ukrainians who emigrated to the United States, 70,000 returned. Most of the emigrants to the US worked in the construction and mining industries. Many worked in the US on a temporary basis to earn remittances . In

1272-909: The Soviet census of 1926, there were 3,450,000 Ukrainians living outside of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , divided as follows: In Siberia , the vast majority of the Ukrainians lived in the Central Asian region and the Zeleny Klyn. On 1 January 1933, there were about 4.5 million Ukrainians (larger than the official figures) in the Soviet Union outside of the Ukrainian SSR, while in America there were 1.1-1.2 million Ukrainians. In 1931,

1325-621: The Transcarpathian Region. The political emigration decreased in the mid-1920s due to a return to Soviet Ukraine and a decline in students studying at the Ukrainian universities established outside of Ukraine. In 1920 and 1921, many Ukrainians left Western Ukraine to settle in the Americas and Western Europe. Most of the emigrates settled in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay , Paraguay , France, the UK and Belgium. The economic crisis of

1378-579: The Ukrainian SSR. After the independence of Ukraine in 1991, many Ukrainians emigrated to Western countries because of an economic depression in the 1990s. Many Ukrainians live in Russia either along the Ukrainian border or in Siberia. In the 1990s, the number of Ukrainians living in Russia was calculated to be around 5 million. These regions, where Ukrainians live, can be subdivided into the following categories: Ukrainians can also be found in parts of Romania and Slovakia that border Ukraine. The size of

1431-628: The Ukrainian diaspora can be counted as follows: In the Ukrainian SSR, there were 25,300,278 Ukrainians. After the Second World War, the Ukrainian diaspora increased due to a second wave of displaced persons. The 250,000 Ukrainians at first settled in Germany and Austria. In the mid-to-late 1940s and early 1950s, these Ukrainians were resettled in many different countries creating new Ukrainian settlements in Australia, Venezuela , and for

1484-458: The Ukrainian diaspora had settled, only in Canada and the Soviet Union was information about ethnic background collected. However, the data from the Soviet Union is suspect and underestimates the number of Ukrainians. In 1970, the Ukrainian diaspora can be given as follows: For the Soviet Union, it can be assumed that about 10-12 million people of Ukrainian (7-9 million in Asia) heritage lived outside

1537-479: The Ukrainian diaspora has changed over time due to the following factors: Canada 2001 Census The 2001 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 15, 2001. On that day, Statistics Canada attempted to count every person in Canada. The total population count of Canada was 30,007,094. This was a 4% increase over 1996 census of 28,846,761. In contrast,

1590-493: The Ukrainians did assimilate. In Eastern Europe, the Ukrainian diaspora can be divided as follows: In all these countries, Ukrainians had the status of a minority nation with their own socio-cultural organisations, schools, and press. The degree of these rights varied within the region. Yugoslavia granted Ukrainians the most rights. The largest Ukrainian diaspora was in Poland. It consisted of those Ukrainians, which were left in

1643-539: The Union there was little or no provisions for continuing a diaspora function. Thus Ukrainian literature and television could be found only in larger cities like Moscow. At the same time other signs of Ukrainian cultural heritage such as clothing and food were preserved. According to a Soviet sociologist, 27% of the Ukrainians in Siberia read Ukrainian printed material and 38% used the Ukrainian language. From time to time, Ukrainian groups would visit Siberia. Nonetheless, most of

Canadian Ukrainian - Misplaced Pages Continue

1696-650: The United States and Canada and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in Europe, South America, and Australia managed to unite. Most of the other Orthodox churches maintained some religious links. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church had to wait until 1980 until its synod was recognised by the Vatican . The Ukrainian Evangelical and Baptist churches also created an All-Ukrainian Evangelical-Baptist Union. Post-Second World War, there

1749-528: The United States as a place for wage labour, but stated that Canada was the best place for agricultural settlers to obtain free land. By contrast he was fiercely critical of the treatment Ukrainian settlers had received in South America. After his writings, the slow trickle of Ukrainians to Canada greatly increased. Before the start of the First World War, almost 500,000 Ukrainians emigrated to

1802-605: The Volga and Ural Regions, while in the last quarter of that century, due to a lack of space for settlement, the diaspora expanded into Western Siberia , Turkestan , the Far East , and even into the Zeleny Klyn . In the 1897 census there were 1,560,000 Ukrainians divided as follows: In the next few decades, Ukrainian emigration to Asia increased (almost 1.5 million Ukrainians emigrated), leading to almost 2 million Ukrainians in

1855-470: The change in the demographic structure of the Ukrainian ethnic group; the last post-war wave of immigrant native Ukrainian language speakers have largely disappeared as a significant statistical category. Consequently, in 1996, a total of 162,695 individuals claimed Ukrainian as their mother tongue, while in 2001 the number dropped, albeit at a lesser rate, to 148,085. The data on Ukrainian home language use reveals that, in terms of routine family use, Ukrainian

1908-829: The creation of Ukrainian organisations, which were linked with the national and political rebirth in Ukraine. The First World War and the Russian Civil War led to the first massive political emigration, which strengthened the existing Ukrainian communities by infusing them with members from various political, scientific, and cultural backgrounds. Furthermore, some of these new emigrants formed Ukrainian communities in Western and Central Europe. Thus, new communities were created in Czechoslovakia, Germany, Poland, France, Belgium, Austria, Romania, and Yugoslavia. The largest

1961-466: The early 1930s stopped most of this emigration. The emigration picked up again later in the decade. The number of emigrants can be approximated as: Furthermore, many Ukrainians left the Ukrainian SSR and settled in Asia due to political and economic factors, primarily collectivisation and the famine of the 1930s. The Ukrainian diaspora, outside of the Soviet Union, was 1.7-1.8 million people: According to

2014-418: The effect on Ukrainian language use of official provincial educational policies, which are much more sympathetic to the teaching of so-called 'heritage languages', is unknown. Nevertheless, Ukrainian language private schools exist across the country while Ukrainian is taught in both public and Catholic elementary and high schools as well as at several universities in Canada, notably on the Prairies. According to

2067-562: The extended Golden Horseshoe in southern Ontario; Montreal and environs; British Columbia's Lower Mainland and southern Vancouver Island ; and the Calgary- Edmonton corridor. In 2001, 51% of Canada's population lived in these regions, compared with 49% in 1996. Population by mother tongue of Canada's official languages: Population of Aboriginal peoples in Canada : Population by ethnic origin . Only those origins with more than 250,000 respondents are included here. This

2120-857: The fall of the Zaporozhian Sich to the Russian Empire , some more Cossacks emigrated to Dobruja in the Ottoman Empire (now in Romania ), while others settled in Volga and Ural regions of the Russian Empire. In the second half of the 18th century, Ukrainians from the Transcarpathian Region formed agricultural settlements in the Kingdom of Hungary , primarily in the Bačka and Syrmia regions. Both are now located in

2173-663: The former) both sent delegates to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference . An interesting note is the role the Ruthenians played to convince the American government about the inclusion of the Transcarpathian region into the Czechoslovak Republic in 1919 . In contrast, the Ukrainian diaspora in the Russian Empire, and especially in Asia, was primarily agrarian. After 1860, the diaspora was primarily located in

Canadian Ukrainian - Misplaced Pages Continue

2226-737: The homeland, from which books, media, priests, cultural figures, and new ideas arrived. Furthermore, local influence, as well as influence from their homeland, led to the process of a national re-awakening. At times, the diaspora was ahead of their time in this re-awakening. Emigrants from the Transcarpathian and Lemko regions created their own organisations and had their own separate Greek Catholic church hierarchy (the Ruthenian Catholic Church ). These emigrants are often considered to be Rusyns or Ruthenians and are considered by some to be distinct from other Ukrainians. However, in Argentina and Brazil, immigrants from Transcarpathia and

2279-435: The majority ethnic-Ukrainian rural Bloc Settlements . Those migrating to other rural areas or from the countryside to nearby cities such as Edmonton and Winnipeg were often quicker to lose their language. Ukrainian language use became associated with rural backwardness and went into relative decline, and would only increase with the introduction of a new wave of post- World War II immigrant speakers who spoke, by and large,

2332-404: The national average. Alberta 's population soared 10.3%, Ontario gained 6.1% and British Columbia , 4.9%. Nunavut 's population rose 8.1%. The population of Newfoundland and Labrador declined for the second consecutive census period. Urbanization continued. In 2001, 79.4% of Canadians lived in an urban centre of 10,000 people or more, compared with 78.5% in 1996. Outside the urban centres,

2385-603: The official Statistics Canada population estimate for 2001 was 31,021,300. This is considered a more accurate population number than the actual count. The previous census was the 1996 census and the following census was in 2006 census . A summary of information about Canada. Canada has experienced one of the smallest census-to-census growth rates in its population. From 1996 to 2001, the nation's population increased only 4.0%. The census counted 30,007,094 people on May 15, 2001, compared with 28,846,761 on May 14, 1996. Only three provinces and one territory had growth rates above

2438-411: The percentage is much higher. Very few Ukrainian speakers are present in either Atlantic and Northern Canada. According to the Canada 2021 Census , 99,945 individuals in Canada reported Ukrainian as their mother tongue. The majority of these individuals are found in Ontario and Manitoba. Overview: this report includes previously unknown details regarding the Ukrainian dialect in Canada. This poem about

2491-523: The population of rural and small-town areas declined 0.4%. In 2001, just over 64% of the nation's population, or about 19,297,000 people, lived in the 27 census metropolitan areas (CMAs), up slightly from 63% in 1996. Seven of these 27 CMAs saw their populations grow at a rate of at least double the national average. The strongest rise, by far, occurred in Calgary . From 1996 to 2001, the nation's population concentrated further in four broad urban regions:

2544-599: The pre-emigration period continued to be called by their Ukrainian names, as in kukhnia (kitchen), and oliia (oil). Some of these were already regionally distinct to Western Ukraine, for example the word for coal vuhlia instead of what became the standard in Ukrainian, vuhillia . However, for new concepts that had not existed in rural Austria-Hungary in the late 19th and early twentieth century, English words were simply adapted into Ukrainian speech, as in трак trak "truck", пампс pamps "pumps", кеш реґистер kesh regyster "cash register", or рісіт risit "receipt". Prior to

2597-490: The western parts of Galicia that after the Second World War remained in Poland and had not emigrated to the Ukrainian SSR or resettled, and those who were resettled to the western and northern parts of Poland, which before the Second World War had been part of Germany. Ukrainians in Czechoslovakia lived in the Prešov Region , which can be considered Ukrainian ethnographic territory, and had substantial rights. The Ukrainians in

2650-429: The world, especially those who maintain some kind of connection to the land of their ancestors and maintain their feeling of Ukrainian national identity within their own local community. The Ukrainian diaspora is found throughout numerous regions worldwide including other post-Soviet states as well as in Canada and other countries such as Poland , the United States , the UK and Brazil . The Ukrainian diaspora

2703-496: Was a strong net migration in the USSR. Most of the Ukrainian contingent that was leaving the Ukrainian SSR for other areas of the Union settled in places with other migrants. The cultural separation from Ukraine proper meant that many were to form the so-called "multicultural soviet nation". In Siberia, 82% of Ukrainian entered mixed marriages, primarily with Russians. This meant that outside the parent national republic and large cities in

SECTION 50

#1732766082194

2756-485: Was expressly forbidden for most of the mid-20th Century. Ukrainian would not again be spoken in Western Canadian public schools until policy of multiculturalism became official in the very late 1960s. Economically, Ukrainian speakers in Canada tended to lag behind others because of the need for English in most fields of labour. Ukrainians also faced ridicule and intimidation from some in the majority community for not speaking English only, particularly if they moved outside

2809-409: Was in Prague , which was considered one of the centres of Ukrainian culture and political life (after Lviv and Kraków ). This group of emigrants created many different organisations and movements associated with corresponding groups in the battle for independence. A few Ukrainian universities were founded. Furthermore, many of these organisations were associated with the exiled Ukrainian government,

#193806