The Canard River is a river in Kings County, Nova Scotia , Canada which drains into the Minas Basin of the Bay of Fundy between the communities of Canard and Starr's Point . It is known for its fertile river banks and extensive dyke land agriculture.
41-532: The river has its source in a number of small brooks which flow from the sandy pine woods of what is now the Camp Aldershot military base, near Steam Mill Village . The Canard River has a short length of 15 km but its lower reaches are wide and deep due to the enormous tides of the Minas Basin . The river was once tidal for most of its length but a series of dykes first built in the 1600s held back
82-588: A quarter meridian . So 10,000,000 m / 90 × 60 = 1,851.85 m ≈ 1,852 m became the metric length for a nautical mile. France made it legal for the French Navy in 1906, and many metric countries voted to sanction it for international use at the 1929 International Hydrographic Conference. Both the United States and the United Kingdom used an average arcminute—specifically,
123-406: A degree (5866 2 / 3 feet per arcminute ). In 1633, William Oughtred suggested 349,800 feet to a degree (5830 feet per arcminute). Both Gunter and Oughtred put forward the notion of dividing a degree into 100 parts, but their proposal was generally ignored by navigators. The ratio of 60 miles, or 20 leagues, to a degree of latitude remained fixed while the length of the mile
164-490: A degree is not explained. Eventually, the ratio of 60 miles to a degree appeared in English in a 1555 translation of Pietro Martire d'Anghiera 's Decades: "[Ptolemy] assigned likewise to every degree three score miles." By the late 16th century English geographers and navigators knew that the ratio of distances at sea to degrees was constant along any great circle (such as the equator , or any meridian), assuming that Earth
205-587: A militia training facility, seeing very light use throughout the inter-war period when Canada's military underwent extensive downsizing. Given its proximity to Halifax which became a major troop shipment port, the camp underwent significant expansion during the Second World War with numerous new buildings constructed between 1939 and 1943. Only a single building from the First World War was retained, while water and sewer systems were installed in
246-579: A minute of arc of a great circle of a sphere having the same surface area as the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid . The authalic (equal area) radius of the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid is 6,370,997.2 metres (20,902,222 ft). The resulting arcminute is 1,853.2480 metres (6,080.210 ft). The United States chose five significant digits for its nautical mile, 6,080.2 feet , whereas the United Kingdom chose four significant digits for its Admiralty mile, 6,080 feet. In 1929
287-400: A previous edition of Geography states " unul gradul log. et latitud sub equinortiali formet stadia 500 que fanut miliaria 62 1 / 2 " ("one degree longitude and latitude under the equator forms 500 stadia , which make 62 1 / 2 miles"). Whether a correction or convenience, the reason for the change from 62 1 / 2 to 60 miles to
328-678: A training area on land in the western part of Kings County between the villages of Aylesford and Kingston . Camp Aldershot was intended to train Canadian Militia units from Nova Scotia and was served by the Cornwallis Valley Railway branch line of the Dominion Atlantic Railway line running through the area. It received its name in honour of Aldershot in Hampshire , United Kingdom ,
369-707: Is a training facility for 5th Canadian Division of the Canadian Army. It is located in Kings County, Nova Scotia. 5 Cdn Div Support Group Det Aldershot is located 0.5 nautical miles (0.93 km; 0.58 mi) northwest of Kentville on a well-drained sandy plateau along the north side of the Cornwallis River . Surrounded by the agricultural heartland of Nova Scotia in the Annapolis Valley , 5 Cdn Div Support Group Detachment Aldershot
410-420: Is situated primarily on marginal agricultural land not suitable for crops. Relatively few military personnel are stationed at the camp as it serves primarily for training regular force and Primary Reserve units of the Canadian Army's 5th Canadian Division . 5th Canadian Division Training Centre conducts year-round courses for Regular Force and Primary Reserve personnel, while expanding dramatically during
451-484: Is very near to 21,600 nautical miles (that is 60 minutes × 360 degrees). Today the international nautical mile is defined as 1,852 metres (about 6,076 ft; 1.151 mi). The derived unit of speed is the knot , one nautical mile per hour. There is no single internationally agreed symbol, with several symbols in use. The word mile is from the Latin phrase for a thousand paces: mille passus . Navigation at sea
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#1732772285884492-577: The Bay of Fundy with 1,900 Acadiens from the region of Beaubassin . The ships were over crowded with standing room only. Governor Charles Lawrence had given the order from returning. It was for this reason that the villages of Grand-Pré, Pisiguit, and Rivière-aux-Canards were burnt to the ground. With no one to maintain the dykes, a severe storm in November 1759 beached the Grand Dyke and flooded up to
533-487: The First World War with in excess of 7,000 soldiers being trained for the infantry at any particular time. Temporary buildings were constructed to house messes and cookhouses, as well as a camp hospital, however most soldiers training at Camp Aldershot during this time period were housed in canvas tents. Temporary structures were removed following the armistice in 1918 and the camp reverted to its previous use as
574-540: The 1970s and 1980s until the mid-1990s when the camp was designated to become host to the newly formed Land Force Atlantic Area training centre, officially termed LFAA TC Aldershot . Since the LFAATC was located at Aldershot, the majority of the Second World War-era buildings have been replaced by new construction, although the single First World War-era structure that was maintained has been incorporated as
615-494: The Grand Dyke it located where the current highway Route 358 crosses the river. By this date, the Acadian village on both sides of the river totaled 750 people and included the extensive dykeland farms along the river as well as several mills. It was on this river that a parish was established in 1670 by the name of Saint-Joseph-de-la-Rivière-aux-Canards, later, Rivière-aux-Canards in short form. The best farms were located at
656-669: The Middle Dyke which was badly damaged, returning hundreds of acres of farmland to tidal marshes. The New England Planters took up the Acadian lands along the river in 1760. A government ship bringing supplies up the Canard River for the Planters, the brigantine Montague was wrecked in the lower reaches of the river in December 1760. The Planter settlement on the south bank of the river becoming known as Starr's Point and
697-553: The Royal Canadian Army Cadets also used the camp as a Cadet Summer Training Centre (CSTC) from the late 1940s-late 1960s. The late 1960s saw numerous changes to Canada's military during the unification of the Canadian Forces . Camp Aldershot underwent more decline as facility rationalization throughout the military took place and the army cadets established ACSTC Argonaut at CFB Gagetown. Rumours of
738-420: The camp being declared surplus began during the early 1970s when military activity was at an all-time low, thus the new Atlantic Militia Area of Mobile Command began to increase training of reservists at the newly designated Militia Training Centre on the site in 1973. The use of the term "Camp Aldershot" was officially discontinued in lieu of Aldershot Range and Training Area . Training continued at ARTA through
779-483: The camp's headquarters area (which was named Aldershot for postal purposes), firing ranges and parade squares established and various support buildings and barracks . Despite the construction of barracks, the huge influx of soldiers required the use of tents for housing along with temporary cookhouses. Camp Aldershot hosted the Canadian Army's 14 Advanced Infantry (Rifle) Training Centre (14 AITC) throughout
820-435: The class rooms, computer lab and offices all share one building. Half of the build is two top and bottom H hallways with rooms on the outer of the four halls. Rooms consist of eight bunks and three bunks and lockers. Each wing (A, B, C, D) has their own common room which consists of a TV and some sofa chairs, a microwave and table with chairs. They also have a kit cleaning room. Land Force Atlantic Area Training Centre Aldershot
861-508: The facility from the British Army in 1906. Used almost exclusively as a militia facility from its inception, various militia units of cavalry , infantry and artillery from across Nova Scotia received training. Few permanent structures were established at Camp Aldershot in its early years, with militia units being required to erect canvas tents during training and to stable horses in the open. Camp Aldershot saw extensive use during
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#1732772285884902-572: The international nautical mile was defined by the First International Extraordinary Hydrographic Conference in Monaco as exactly 1,852 metres (which is 6,076.12 ft). The United States did not adopt the international nautical mile until 1954. Britain adopted it in 1970, but legal references to the obsolete unit are now converted to 1,853 metres (which is 6,079.40 ft). The metre
943-514: The local economy. The Black Watch rotated to West Germany in 1959 and was stationed at the newly constructed Camp Gagetown in New Brunswick upon its return, delivering a significant blow to Camp Aldershot and Camp Debert, which had no regular force units returning to fill the void. Camp Aldershot was left with the Canadian Army's reserve militia units from Nova Scotia as its primary users, primarily The West Nova Scotia Regiment , however
984-430: The measurement based on this ( 40,075.017 km / 360 × 60 = 1,855.3 metres) is known as the geographical mile . Using the definition 1 / 60 of a degree of latitude on Mars , a Martian nautical mile equals to 983 m (1,075 yd). This is potentially useful for celestial navigation on a human mission to the planet , both as a shorthand and a quick way to roughly determine
1025-558: The mouths of 'rivière aux Canards' river and the 'Saint-Antoine' river. Rivière-aux-Canards was west of Grand-Pré . The Acadian settlement was destroyed in the 1755 Bay of Fundy Campaign of the Expulsion of the Acadians . On October 27, 1755 fourteen transport ships embarked 1,600 Acadians from the region of Grand-Pré and Rivière-aux-Canards , as well as 1,300 from Pisiguit and Cobequid . They joined up with ten other ships in
1066-453: The new officers mess. Currently 5 Cdn Div TC Detachment Aldershot provides the majority of training for the 5th Canadian Division reserve units during the summer months, as well as a training area for Nova Scotia reserve units through the remainder of the year. The mess is located behind only a few steps from course barracks. It has two serveries with only one open most days and a senior and officer eating area. The barracks for course as well as
1107-716: The period of September–June 5 Cdn Div Support Group Det Aldershot also serves as the primary weekend training location for Primary Reserve and Royal Canadian Army Cadets exercises for units from the Halifax metro area , and other locations in the Maritime Provinces . During the 1890s and the lead up to the Boer War , the British Army , which was responsible for Canada's defence until 1906, established Military Camp Aldershot (also shortened to Camp Aldershot ) as
1148-458: The poles and 1,843 metres at the Equator. France and other metric countries state that in principle a nautical mile is an arcminute of a meridian at a latitude of 45°, but that is a modern justification for a more mundane calculation that was developed a century earlier. By the mid-19th century, France had defined a nautical mile via the original 1791 definition of the metre , one ten-millionth of
1189-482: The river in the late 1600s and called it Rivière-aux-Canards after the French word for duck. They first built small dykes to claim salt water marshes for farmland at the upper reaches of the river near the communities now known as Steam Mill Village and Upper Dyke. A large cross dyke was built further down river at Middle Dyke. About 1750 an even larger cross dyke, over a mile long, was built near Port Williams. Known as
1230-667: The settlement on the north becoming known as Canard . The Planters repaired the Middle Dyke and rebuilt the Grand Dyke in 1782. In 1825 they built the Wellington Dyke near the mouth of the Canard River protecting in total over 3,000 acres of farmland along the river from the tides of the Minas Basin. 45°07′21.5″N 64°26′07.7″W / 45.122639°N 64.435472°W / 45.122639; -64.435472 Camp Aldershot 5th Canadian Division Support Group Detachment Aldershot (also 5 CDSG Det Aldershot )
1271-595: The site of the home of the British Army. In 1904, the facility was moved to its present site on 1,136 ha (2,810 acres) northwest of Kentville with its southern boundary along the Cornwallis River. The eastern boundary of the base abutted the Cornwallis Valley Railway which operated north from Kentville to Kingsport , providing efficient transport of troops and supplies. The Department of Militia and Defence took over administration of
Canard River - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-567: The summer months to accommodate the numerous courses for Primary Reserve personnel and some Regular Force courses. Throughout the year, the Royal Canadian Navy , the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force conduct training at Aldershot, as well as elements of Canada's Canadian Special Operations Forces Command . This training varies from basic recruit training to advanced demolitions training. During
1353-624: The tensions of the Cold War . In 1953 The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada returned from service in the Korean War and the First and Second Battalions were stationed at Camp Aldershot, along with additional units at Camp Debert . From 1953 to 1959, Camp Aldershot saw significant use while housing this regular force unit. The Black Watch's 2,300 soldiers along with dependents and civilian support staff pumped $ 15 million annually into
1394-451: The tide which is now stopped near the river's mouth by the Wellington Dyke . The upper reaches of the river are often referred to by the dykes which once spanned the river - Upper Dyke and Middle Dyke. The Canard river was known to the Mi'kmaq people as Apocheechumochwakade meaning "home of the black duck". The Mi'kmaq also used the mouth of the river for shad fishing. Acadians settled along
1435-453: The war. 14 AITC included instructor schools, trade schools, and officer training schools. The facility experienced some of its most demanding training toward the end of the war as the 14 AITC was tasked with preparing troops for Operation Downfall , the invasion of Japan . Following the war, Camp Aldershot went into decline when compared to its war-time activity, however its well-constructed Second World War-era facilities were maintained given
1476-470: Was 60 miles per degree. However, these referred to the old English mile of 5000 feet and league of 15,000 feet, relying upon Ptolemy's underestimate of the Earth's circumference . In the early seventeenth century, English geographers started to acknowledge the discrepancy between the angular measurement of a degree of latitude and the linear measurement of miles. In 1624 Edmund Gunter suggested 352,000 feet to
1517-505: Was a sphere. In 1574, William Bourne stated in A Regiment for the Sea the "rule to raise a degree" practised by navigators: "But as I take it, we in England should allowe 60 myles to one degrée: that is, after 3 miles to one of our Englishe leagues, wherefore 20 of oure English leagues shoulde answere to one degrée." Likewise, Robert Hues wrote in 1594 that the distance along a great circle
1558-552: Was awarded the Freedom of the Town of Kentville , Nova Scotia on 14 October 2012. Nautical mile A nautical mile is a unit of length used in air, marine, and space navigation , and for the definition of territorial waters . Historically, it was defined as the meridian arc length corresponding to one minute ( 1 / 60 of a degree) of latitude at the equator, so that Earth's polar circumference
1599-451: Was done by eye until around 1500 when navigational instruments were developed and cartographers began using a coordinate system with parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude . The earliest reference of 60 miles to a degree is a map by Nicolaus Germanus in a 1482 edition of Ptolemy 's Geography indicating one degree of longitude at the Equator contains " milaria 60 ". An earlier manuscript map by Nicolaus Germanus in
1640-491: Was originally defined as 1 ⁄ 10,000,000 of the length of the meridian arc from the North pole to the equator (1% of a centesimal degree of latitude), thus one kilometre of distance corresponds to one centigrad (also known as centesimal arc minute) of latitude. The Earth's circumference is therefore approximately 40,000 km. The equatorial circumference is slightly longer than the polar circumference –
1681-453: Was revised with better estimates of the earth’s circumference. In 1637, Robert Norwood proposed a new measurement of 6120 feet for an arcminute of latitude, which was within 44 feet of the currently accepted value for a nautical mile. Since the Earth is not a perfect sphere but is an oblate spheroid with slightly flattened poles, a minute of latitude is not constant, but about 1,862 metres at