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28-539: Canfor Corporation is an integrated forest products company based in Vancouver , British Columbia . The company traces its roots to the late 1930s when brothers-in-law John G. Prentice and L.L.G. "Poldi" Bentley and their families left their native Austria just before the outbreak of World War II. They settled in Vancouver and built a small mill that was the beginning of the more than 75-year-old company. In 2006,

56-424: A free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 ( license statement/permission ). Text taken from Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Key findings​ , FAO, FAO. Thinning In agricultural sciences , thinning is the removal of some plants , or parts of plants, to make room for the growth of others. Selective removal of parts of a plant such as branches , buds , or roots

84-585: A stand more profitable in an upcoming final felling , or to advance ecological goals such as increasing biodiversity or accelerating the development of desired structural attributes such as large diameter trees with long tree crowns. Early thinning, e.g. after 20 years, rather than late thinning, e.g. after 50 years, has different effects on the trees thinned. An early thinning would encourage trees to develop wider crowns, increase trunk diameter and be more stable against threats like snow breakage or windthrow . Too much thinning too early in their lifespan could cause

112-735: A 70% share of the Vida Group, a wood products company based in Sweden. The prior owners of Vida maintain a 30% share and manage day-to-day operations. Canfor formerly owned the Englewood Railway on Vancouver Island , but sold it to Western Forest Products in 2006. Canfor has 6,380 employees as of 2016. Canfor is a member of the Forest Products Association of Canada . Forest product Globally, about 1,150,000,000 ha (2.8 × 10 acres) of forest

140-596: A controlling share in Canfor Pulp Limited, which produces northern softwood kraft pulp and kraft paper in BC. As of 2016, the company has an annual production capability of 5.9 billion board feet of lumber, 1.1 million tonnes of northern softwood market kraft pulp, approximately 220,000 tonnes of BCTMP and 140,000 tonnes of kraft paper. Operations or offices are located in: On November 15, 2018 Canfor announced that it had entered into an agreement to acquire

168-416: A hand-held device such as a tablet. In agriculture and gardening , thinning is the selective removal of flowers , fruits , shoots , and seedlings or young plants to allow adequate space for the remaining organs/plants to grow efficiently. In large-scale farming, techniques like precision seeding and transplanting can eliminate the need for thinning by starting plants at their optimum spacing. On

196-406: A site to overgrow with shrubs and prevent an understory from regenerating efficiently. Alternatively, thinning an area later would mean that trees will grow tall and slender; although the trees would gain value incrementally with time, they may be less marketable as thinness reduces said value. Epicormic shooting is a risk when thinning is carried out tardily, which can lead to tree branchiness and

224-434: A suitable site have responded well in terms of growth increment, to late thinnings (after 50 years) whereas other species have not for example slash pine . Due to such variability it is better to talk about a thinning régime rather than one particular method of thinning taking place in a stand . A thinning in which the trees removed have little or no economic value is called a pre-commercial thinning. Ecological thinning

252-409: A traditional thinning operation would expose the stand to a high risk of windthrow . Another type of thinning is called variable density thinning. In this type of thinning, the intent is to manage various portions of the stand in different ways to create structural and spatial heterogeneity. The intent is often to increase biodiversity or wildlife habitat. In variable density thinning, some portions of

280-402: Is a form of non-commercial thinning in which the trees are killed while they stand by injecting a chemical such as glyphosate (Round Up) into a cut made in the stem. This reduces the number of live stems remaining, providing a benefit to those that remain and may be undertaken where the cost of a traditional thin is high. It can also be done on very exposed sites where breaking the canopy through

308-437: Is a variant of this being studied for use in forest conservation. The primary aim of forest thinning is to increase growth of selected trees, but ecological thinning is done to favor development of wildlife habitat (such as hollows) rather than focusing on increased timber yields . Thinning may also reduce the risk of wildfire by increasing availability of groundwater as well as reducing fuel for wildfires. Chemical thinning

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336-527: Is also necessary when too many trees were initially planted or survived through the seedling phase. Planting less and thinning less saves money in commercial forestry; thinning is carried out in a balanced manner, dependent on site qualities as well as planting régimes. There is no certain outcome from thinning nor standard timing for it. Individual site conditions and responses of individual or mixed species on sites may vary considerably and thus responses to thinnings likewise are inconsistent. Norway spruce on

364-448: Is managed primarily for the production of wood and non-wood forest products. In addition, 749,000,000 ha (1.85 × 10 acres) is designated for multiple use, which often includes production. Worldwide, the area of forest designated primarily for production has been relatively stable since 1990, but the area of multiple-use forest has decreased by about 71,000,000 ha (180,000,000 acres). The Food and Agriculture Organization of

392-461: Is typically known as pruning . In forestry , thinning is the selective removal of trees, primarily undertaken to improve the growth rate or health of the remaining trees. Overcrowded trees are under competitive stress from their neighbors. Thinning may be done to increase the resistance of the stand to environmental stress such as drought , insect infestation, extreme temperature, or wildfire . Tree thinning may be practised in forestry to make

420-724: The greenhouse gas emissions although its combustion initially produces more GHG than fossil fuels per unit of produced energy: it takes several decades or even centuries for new trees to re-absorb the carbon emitted by burning their predecessors. Second, timbers from forest can be sustainable construction materials. Rather than concrete that is hard for degradation and recycled, structural timbers can be recycled for re-use or for biodegradation. Many forest management policies have been implemented that impact forest product economics , including forest access restrictions, harvesting fees, and harvest limits. Deforestation , global warming and other environmental concerns have increasingly affected

448-523: The United Nations publishes an annual yearbook of forest products. The FAO Yearbook of Forest Products is a compilation of statistical data on basic forest products for all countries and territories of the world. It contains series of annual data on the volume of production and the volume and value of trade in forest products. It includes tables showing direction of trade and average unit values of trade for certain products. Statistical information in

476-649: The availability and sustainability of forest products, as well as the economies of regions dependent upon forestry around the world. In recent years, the idea of sustainable forestry , which aims to preserve crop yields without causing irreversible damage to ecosystem health, has changed the relationship between environmentalists and the forest products industry . Stakeholders in the forest products industry include government departments, commercial enterprises, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), policy-makers and analysts, private and international organizations. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

504-593: The classification of wood pellets in 2012 and has tracked them ever since, has found production jumping nearly 150 percent to 44 million tonnes by 2021: it largely ascribes this expansion to rising demand driven by the European Commission’s bioenergy targets. Forest products can work towards reducing global warming trends when sourced in sustainably managed forests. One core idea is that forest products themselves are storage for carbon dioxide. First, as mentioned above, bioenergy can replace fossil energy and reduce

532-643: The company was subject to a proxy fight between billionaires Jim Pattison and Stephen A. Jarislowsky , who owned 30% and 18% of the firm's shares, respectively. Pattison won and ousted CEO Jim Shepherd over Canfor's poor performance and declining share price, which saw Jim Pattison appointed interim CEO. Poldi Bentley's son Peter Bentley (1930-2021) was the Chairman Emeritus of the Board of Directors. Canfor produces softwood lumber , specialty wood products, and engineered wood products . Canfor also owns

560-406: The eco-system, and so on. Forest products, including wood chips and forest residues, can be converted to bioethanol, biodfuel, biogas , and other bioenergy sources ( see also Bioenergy ). Common conversion technologies can contain fermentation, pyrolysis, gasification, and other technologies. These renewable energy sources can be a substitute for traditional fossil fuels. FAO, which supported

588-526: The forest types and ownership ( see Forest ). As woods are the dominant product of the forest product, the processes of producing wood products are important. The general processes for commercial land can include seedling production, site preparation, planting, applying fertilizers and herbicides, thinning (pre-commercial or commercial), and logging. The processes may vary due to different species and spatial locations. Products category may include logs, lumbers, residues, etc. For non-timber forest products ,

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616-408: The growth rates of trees in the open areas or on their perimeter and help retain or develop long crowns with live branches. Another portion of the stand, sometimes referred to as the matrix, is thinned to result in residual trees densities which area in between the other extremes. Over the whole area, a wide variety of trees with different diameters and species are retained. Timber marking - selecting

644-480: The presence of knots in the resultant timber harvest, again reducing value. Traditionally, thinning has been performed to create a desired balance between individual tree attributes (such as tree diameter ) and area-relative attributes such as volume. It has been, and often still is, applied with the desire to create uniform stands . As a result, thinning treatments are often described in terms of number of trees per area to remain or average spacing between trees. It

672-576: The processes can have a large variety. In 2015, the United Nations set 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as global goals from 2015 to 2030. As renewable resources on earth, forest products can assist in several SDGs in this agenda. As forest products can provide a large variety of foods (e.g. nuts, fruits, sugar), hunger issue can be addressed by properly managing the forest. Forests not only sequester carbon dioxide and provide oxygen but also play an essential role in our ecosystem. Forests are crucial to avoid soil erosion, control pollutants, balance

700-407: The stand may not be entered. These unentered areas, sometimes called reserves, leave islands, or skips (as they are skipped over) help retain a large range of tree diameters, serve as a future source of competition-related mortality, and may preserve snags, down wood, and understory plants. Other portions of a stand could be heavily thinned or gaps or openings could be created. These areas accelerate

728-406: The trees to be cut in a forest stand by marking them - is a crucial task for a forest manager . Because of the irreversible character of cutting trees, tools were developed to virtually practice tree selection. A marteloscope is a forest site (typically a one hectare rectangular site) where all trees are numbered, mapped and recorded. This information can then be visualised through an application on

756-410: The world production of paper and paperboard. Based on these demands, the forest products can be further explored. Pulp and paper industry has high volume demand for the wood materials including both softwood and hardwood. Wood industry can consume large volume and varieties of wood products including logs, lumbers, furniture, and other products. Producers of forest products are heavily depending on

784-654: The yearbook is based primarily on data provided to the FAO Forestry Department by the countries through questionnaires or official publications. In the absence of official data, FAO makes an estimate based on the best information available. FAO also publishes an annual survey of pulp and paper production capacities around the world. The survey presents statistics on pulp and paper capacity and production by country and by grade. The statistics are based on information submitted by correspondents worldwide, most of them pulp and paper associations, and represents 85% of

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