16-577: See text Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants , known as the hemp family . As now circumscribed , the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including Cannabis (hemp), Humulus ( hops ) and Celtis (hackberries). Celtis is by far the largest genus, containing about 100 species. Cannabaceae is a member of the Rosales . Members of the family are erect or climbing plants with petalless flowers and dry, one-seeded fruits. Hemp ( Cannabis ) and hop ( Humulus ) are
32-457: A consensus over time. The naming of families is codified by various international bodies using the following suffixes: The taxonomic term familia was first used by French botanist Pierre Magnol in his Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur (1689) where he called the seventy-six groups of plants he recognised in his tables families ( familiae ). The concept of rank at that time
48-446: A family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to a lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community for extended periods. The continual publication of new data and diverse opinions plays a crucial role in facilitating adjustments and ultimately reaching
64-479: The Genera Plantarum of George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker this word ordo was used for what now is given the rank of family. Families serve as valuable units for evolutionary, paleontological, and genetic studies due to their relatively greater stability compared to lower taxonomic levels like genera and species. Humulus lupulus Too Many Requests If you report this error to
80-514: The book's morphological section, where he delved into discussions regarding the vegetative and generative aspects of plants. Subsequently, in French botanical publications, from Michel Adanson 's Familles naturelles des plantes (1763) and until the end of the 19th century, the word famille was used as a French equivalent of the Latin ordo (or ordo naturalis ). In zoology ,
96-851: The common hop, has been the predominant bittering agent of beer for hundreds of years. The flowers' resins are responsible for beer's bitterness and their ability to extend shelf life due to some antimicrobial qualities. The young shoots can be used as a vegetable. Some plants in the genus Cannabis are cultivated as hemp for the production of fiber, as a source of cheap oil , for their nutritious seeds, or their edible leaves. Others are cultivated for medical or recreational use as dried flowers , extracts , or infused food products . Induced parthenocarpy in pistilate flowers, and selective breeding are used to produce either higher or lower yields of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), other cannabinoids , as well as terpenes with desired flavors or aromas, such as blueberry, strawberry, or even citrus. Many trees in
112-540: The family as a rank intermediate between order and genus was introduced by Pierre André Latreille in his Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel (1796). He used families (some of them were not named) in some but not in all his orders of "insects" (which then included all arthropods ). In nineteenth-century works such as the Prodromus of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle and
128-665: The following genera: Cannabaceae likely originated in East Asia during the Late Cretaceous . The oldest known pollen typical of members of Cannabaceae is from the Late Cretaceous ( Turonian ~94–90 million years ago) of Sarawak , Borneo. Fossils show Cannabaceae were widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere during the early Cenozoic, though their distribution shifted towards tropical regions in
144-500: The genus Celtis are grown for landscaping and ornamental purposes, and the bark of Pteroceltis is used to produce high-end Chinese rice paper. Family (biology) Family ( Latin : familia , pl. : familiae ) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy . It is classified between order and genus . A family may be divided into subfamilies , which are intermediate ranks between
160-677: The later Cenozoic due to changing climates. Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships: Moraceae ( outgroup ) Aphananthe Gironniera Lozanella Cannabis Humulus Celtis Pteroceltis Chaetachme Trema (including Parasponia ) Carbon dating has revealed that these plants may have been used for ritual/medicinal purposes in Xinjiang, China as early as 494 B.C. Humulus lupulus ,
176-424: The male inflorescences are long and look like panicles , while the female ones are shorter and bear fewer flowers. The pistil is made of two connate carpels , the usually superior ovary is unilocular; there is no fixed number of stamens . The fruit can be an achene or a drupe . Classification systems developed prior to the 1990s, such as those of Cronquist (1981) and Dahlgren (1989), typically recognized
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#1732780401399192-707: The most economically important species. Other than a shared evolutionary origin, members of the family have few common characteristics; some are trees (e.g. Celtis ), others are herbaceous plants (e.g. Cannabis ). Members of this family can be trees (e.g. Celtis ), erect herbs (e.g. Cannabis ), or twining herbs (e.g. Humulus ). Leaves are often more or less palmately lobed or palmately compound and always bear stipules . Cystoliths are always present and some members of this family possess laticifers . Cannabaceae are often dioecious (distinct male and female plants). The flowers are actinomorphic (radially symmetrical) and not showy, as these plants are pollinated by
208-543: The order Urticales , which included the families Cannabaceae, Cecropiaceae, Celtidaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae and Urticaceae, as then circumscribed. Molecular data from 1990s onwards showed that these families were actually embedded within the order Rosales, so that from the first classification by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group in 1998, they were placed in an expanded Rosales, forming a group which has been called 'urticalean rosids'. Cannabaceae comprises
224-491: The ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae , but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family— or whether a described family should be acknowledged— is established and decided upon by active taxonomists . There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging
240-405: The wind . As an adaptation to this kind of pollination, the calyx and corolla are radically reduced to only vestigial remnants found as an adherent perianth coating the seed. A reduced and monophyllous cuplike perigonal bract, properly known as the bracteole, immediately surrounds and protects the seed and is often misnamed as a "calyx". Flowers are grouped to form cymes . In the dioecious plants
256-488: Was not yet settled, and in the preface to the Prodromus Magnol spoke of uniting his families into larger genera , which is far from how the term is used today. In his work Philosophia Botanica published in 1751, Carl Linnaeus employed the term familia to categorize significant plant groups such as trees , herbs , ferns , palms , and so on. Notably, he restricted the use of this term solely within
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